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Back ground: Urinary Incontinence is also called leaky bladder/ sometimes involves a strong, uncontrollable urge to urinate. Life style of daily passengers includes hurry, anxiety and stress to catch the train to travel long distances for education or occupation purpose. Many people may feel discomfort to use washroom more frequently. Objectives: To assess prevalence of urinary incontinence and socio-demographic profile and risk factors of daily passengers in Prakasam district suffering with urinary incontinence, who travelled in trains during study period. Methodology: A Cross sectional observational study conducted among 160 daily passengers from August 1st to September 30th 2021 in Ongole, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. A pretested semi structured questionnaire is used to assess socio demographic profile and risk factors of urinary incontinence among study participants. Questionnaire for urinary incontinence for diagnosis [QUID] is applied for diagnosing urinary incontinence among study participants. Simple random technique was applied to choose study participants. Results: Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence was 29.66%. Almost half of the study participants (47.2%) mentioned the urinary continence when they had cough or sneezing. Mean age of study participants was 21.7 years and ranged between 17 to 76 years. Pearson correlation test revealed a strong significant positive correlation between QUID Urge score and QUID stress score. (r = 0.40, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Urinary incontinence significantly high in the age group > 30 when compared to others. At the same time urinary incontinence significantly high among study participants having smoking history. People who had high stress score had high prevalence of urinary incontinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the impact of different nutrient management practices on the growth and yield of chickpea in Andhra Pradesh, India. By integrating seaweed extract and Rhizobium with 75% of the recommended fertilizers, significant improvements were observed in plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. These findings suggest that integrated nutrient management practices can enhance chickpea cultivation in arid regions, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and soil health. The study underscores the potential of bio-stimulants like seaweed extract in combination with traditional fertilizers and biological inoculants for increasing agricultural resilience in challenging environments. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The present study of the length-weight relationship and condition factors of two Eutropiichthys vacha and Rita kuturnee, from Godavari River Andhra Pradesh, from the year August 2021 to July 2023 at fortnightly intervals. Methods: The log transformation formula was employed to establish length-weight relationships (LWRs) [3]. The length-weight equation used was W=aLb, in the usual notations. Linear regression of the log-transformed equation, log(W) = log(a) + b log(L), was utilized to calculate the parameters 'a' (intercept) and 'b' (slope) of the relationship. Result: A total of 1453 specimens of E. vacha and 1273 specimens of R. kuturnee were collected by using gill nets. The collected specimens exhibited a total length range of 10 to 27 cm for E. vacha and 7 to 18.5 cm for R. kuturnee. Correspondingly, the body weight range was recorded as 12 to 140 gm for E. vacha and 8 to 50 gm for R. kuturnee. Statistical analysis revealed a negative allometric growth trend for both males and females of E. vacha and R. kuturnee, with b values ranging from 2.569 to 2.711 for E. vacha and 2.53 to 2.61 for R. kuturnee. The fluctuation in the relative condition factor ranged from 1.06 to 1.09 for E. vacha and 1.001 to 1.12 for R. kuturnee. Furthermore, the overall health conditions of these two species were determined to be favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As shrimp farming is a commercial venture, there is a requirement for technological development, training, and transfer of technologies. Andhra Pradesh which is the dominated state in shrimp production is depending on the Private Extension Services as they are playing a key role in meeting the demands of the shrimp farmers. In connection to this, the present study was conducted to find out the awareness of the shrimp farmers on Private Extension Services and also to develop an empirical model for effective extension services. The study was undertaken in Nellore, Guntur, Krishna & West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. A structured interview schedule was utilized to collect data from a sample of 400 farmers. Thirteen independent variables were chosen in order to determine the level of significance between the awareness of shrimp farmers and private extension services. Approximately 40.05% of the participants exhibited a high level of awareness regarding private extension services, while an additional 40.55% demonstrated some level of awareness. This finding suggests that a significant proportion of shrimp farmers engaged with private extension service professionals in order to enhance their production levels. A conceptual framework was formulated to optimize extension services of both public and private sectors, The proposed methodology aims to enhance the research and extension collaboration, as well as establish alliances with service-oriented private extension systems, in order to foster the aquaculture extension services in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution of water by organic and inorganic contaminants is a serious environmental issue. The primary emphasis of this present investigation was to reduce wastewater pollution and environmental burden related to fish waste disposal. Prime pollutant parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in fish processing effluent were treated by adsorbents produced from waste fish scales viz., dried fish scale adsorbent and fish scale biochar. A control was used and the entire study was carried out in batch mode to assess the influence of adsorbent dosage levels, contact time, and pH conditions. The experiments revealed that prepared fish scale biochar was as effective as control in achieving a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of BOD (87%) and COD (84%) at 150 min treatment time with 0.24 and 0.48 g dosage level. The optimum pH range was found to be 6–8. The experimental data fitted well with pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherm models (R2 > 0.911). The influence of intraparticle diffusion in adsorption treatment was tested with Weber–Morris plot. The experiments were done in triplicate and all data were statistically tested using MS Excel, IBM SPSS (version 26), and OriginPro software packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The centralized power grid abides a heavy burden while consumers expect an uninterrupted reliable power supply. Further complexities increase by a satisfying reduction in carbon emissions, increased efficiency within the national grid and power supplied to remote communities. This has led to alternatives being sought for centralized power generation, which is prone to outages due to long distance transmission. This is a substantial contributor to global carbon emissions, has large transmission losses and is often not a practical solution when supplying remote communities. Distributed generation (DG) becomes an alternative in this context by producing power close to its point of consumption, often utilizing carbon neutral, renewable energy (RE) sources (sun, wind). Apart from many benefits of the microgrid, there are several problems and challenges in the integration with power systems in terms of control and stability issues. To overcome such issues, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) may be the next solution level in the enhancement of system stability with quality power supply. In this paper, a brief review of the microgrid architecture, their challenges, the control topologies, and techniques have been discussed. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) characterized by the coupling of energy storage technologies are emerged as a solution to achieve the desired performance by combining the appropriate features of different technologies. Exploration of different researchers confirms that the control of ESSs has an effective role in stability analysis, economic analysis of MGs. A discussion about the control methods of Microgrid with ESSs and future trends are also presented. As single ESS technology cannot fulfill the desired operation due to its limited capability and potency in terms of lifespan, cost, energy and power density, and dynamic response, different ESSs operation configurations considering storage type, interface, control method, and the provided service have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, biometric authentication systems have remained a hot research topic, as they can recognize or authenticate a person by comparing their data to other biometric data stored in a database. Fingerprints, palm prints, hand vein, finger vein, palm vein, and other anatomic or behavioral features have all been used to develop a variety of biometric approaches. Finger vein recognition (FVR) is a common method of examining the patterns of the finger veins for proper authentication among the various biometrics. Finger vein acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and authentication are all part of the proposed intelligent deep learning-based FVR (IDL-FVR) model. Infrared imaging devices have primarily captured the use of finger veins. Furthermore, a region of interest extraction process is carried out in order to save the finger part. The shark smell optimization algorithm is used to tune the hyperparameters of the bidirectional long–short-term memory model properly. Finally, an authentication process based on Euclidean distance is performed, which compares the features of the current finger vein image to those in the database. The IDL-FVR model surpassed the earlier methods by accomplishing a maximum accuracy of 99.93%. Authentication is successful when the Euclidean distance is small and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in order to prevent information loss, we propose two dissimilarity measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), which consider membership and non-membership degree and IFSs is farther extension of Fuzzy sets (FSs). Additionally, we have examined the characteristics of the proposed metrics to confirm their validity. We then conducted a series of experiments, including numerical experimentation, pattern recognition, and clustering analysis, to evaluate the efficacy of these metrics. The comparative outcomes illustrate that our dissimilarity metrics are more straightforward, easy to understand, and superior to the majority of the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Demand for convenience foods that need less preparation time are gaining significant importance among many consumers. Redgram dhal which usually needs more cooking time, was evaluated for formulating and checking the suitability of its use as Quick cooking dhal on storage. Methods: Popular PJTSAU released red gram dhal varieties TDRG - 4, RGT - 1 and WRGE - 122 were developed into quick cooking dhal and evaluated for their nutrient composition, colour and functional characteristics on storage for 6 months. Result: Storage of both raw and QCD for six months period resulted in decrease in total ash, protein, carbohydrates and energy content, with no change in crude fiber content, but an increase in the fat content. Significant darkening of the QCD redgram dhal was observed on storage. There was decrease in solids dispersed and water absorption among all the three cultivars with a progressive increase in the cooking time, without affecting the organoleptic properties of the dhal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a batch reactor fortified with an impeller or additional mixing device to provide resourceful mixing. In chemical engineering, the name CSTR is often used to describe an idealised agitated tank reactor used to model manoeuvre variables necessary to achieve a specified output. Most chemical plants have a process involving a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and it has more nonlinearity in real-world implementation due to disturbances like change in surrounding temperature, nonuniformity in mixing, and change in the temperature of the coolant. The aim of the work is to study the dynamic behaviour of a continuous stirred tank reactor with coolant flow rate as input and reactor temperature as output and to design a suitable controller to control the temperature of the continuous stirred tank reactor by conducting an exothermic reaction in real-time. A continuous stirred tank reactor was modelled with the help of a transfer function model in the MATLAB environment. For controlling the temperature of the reactor fluid, the design of proportional integral derivative, proportional integral derivative (PID) - particle swarm optimization (PSO), proportional integral derivative (PID) - artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) and model predictive control (MPC) controller were carried out. The simulation results show that model predictive control has better tracking performance compared to conventional PID, PID-PSO or PID-ABC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]