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The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) at three different concentrations on cell proliferation in cells exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. It was performed a cytotoxic analysis using a HaCat cell line. The cells were exposed to cisplatin for 24 hours and after that, they were exposed to chamomile (1mg/ml, 0,1mg/ml e 0,5mg/ml), after 48 hours the cell proliferation was performed. It was found that the cells showed a decrease in the rate of cell proliferation after exposure to the chemotherapeutic agent. After the insertion of the herbal solutions, part of the proliferation rate was recovered, indicating a possible therapeutic effect in oral mucositis lesions through healing and formation of a new epithelium over the ulcerated lesions. This study indicates that the use of chamomile solution as a treatment for oral mucositis may be an alternative for the management of oral lesions resulting from chemotherapy treatment, since it presented an increase in cell proliferation and chamomile is easily accessible and accepted by the population, increasing the quality of life of cancer patients. Financial support: CNPQ-PIBITI, Núcleo Vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to report the results obtained in the Red May Campaign held in a city west of Santa Catarina state. People responded to a questionnaire and had intraoral and extraoral examinations. Information was collected about the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, chimarrão and the use of prostheses. The sample obtained 105 exams. We observed that they have more females (67%) than males and the age range is between 61-80 years. 54% answered that they do not drink, the rest 1 bottle per week, or stopped drinking less or more than 5 years ago. 76% said they do not smoke, 11% stopped more than 5 years ago, 6% had 20 cigarettes or more, and 1% had 5 to 10 paper cigarettes. 70% did not have any injury in the oral mucosa. The lesions appear more in the buccal mucosa/tongue. The most common lesions observed were Candidiasis and a high prevalence of Actinic Cheilitis. Only 3% of the lesions had malignant characteristics. Our results show a high diagnosis of benign lesions and that people are carried out of information about oral cancer, and more actions like this have to be realized to disseminate information and prevent oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 48-year-old male patient was referred to the Stomatology clinic due to a lesion on his lower lip. Upon clinical examination, a well-defined ulcerated lesion was identified, exhibiting indurated margins, situated on the left side of the lower lip, measuring approximately 1.5 cm. The lesion had been present for about a month and was associated with pain. The patient had a 30-year history of smoking, had substantial sun exposure due to his occupation, and was currently undergoing medical treatment for bladder infection and prostate-related conditions. The initial diagnostic considerations included Syphilis and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). In light of these diagnostic possibilities, a rapid syphilis test was administered, yielding a negative result. Additional specific tests, such as Anti FTA-ABS and VDRL, were requested. The patient initially displayed reluctance in undergoing hematological exams and an incisional biopsy, seemingly due to a lack of comprehension regarding the seriousness of the situation. After consulting with the Basic Health Unit, he eventually consented to the biopsy, which revealed SCC. The patient was subsequently referred for oncological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 66-year-old female patient attended the oral stomatology clinic in 2021, complaining of discomfort in the palate due to the presence of a lesion, noticed 60 days ago, which prevented the use of the prosthesis but did not cause painful symptoms. Clinically, an extensive lesion was observed on the hard palate, on the left side, with a sessile base, an ulcerated and smooth surface on palpation, pink and purple in color. Radiographically, there was no observed alteration of the bone tissue in the region. The diagnostic hypotheses were mucoepidermoid carcinoma or a maxillary sinus lesion that expanded to the palate. After requesting laboratory tests, it was decided to perform an incisional biopsy and histopathological analysis of the specimens, which provided the diagnosis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Therefore, the patient was referred for oncological treatment, underwent surgery and radiotherapy sessions. Currently, she is not undergoing treatment and is being followed up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 11-year-old female patient visited the Stage VI clinic in 2020 due to an enlargement in the left mandibular region. The patient had been experiencing pain upon palpation for the past 2 months. Radiographically, the lesion presented as a large radiolucent area with well-defined circular borders, located in the mandibular region between teeth 31 and 35. Additionally, an impacted tooth and dental mobility were observed. Preoperative examinations and cone beam tomography were requested to further evaluate the condition. The initial diagnostic considerations included Dentigerous Cyst and Keratocyst. An incisional biopsy was performed, alongside the extraction of tooth 73 and cyst marsupialization. The histopathological diagnosis revealed Glandular Odontogenic Cyst. The patient continued with regular follow-up, but in 2021, an increase in the lesion's size was noted. Consequently, a decision was made to perform a complete cyst removal in a hospital setting under general anesthesia. The surgery yielded satisfactory results, and the patient is still under observation, with no recurrence detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Information: Cell migration requires the coordinated activation of structural and signalling molecules, such as the RhoGTPase Rac1. It is known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex assembly, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cell membrane, also relies on Rac1 activation, indicating a possible effect of ROS during cell migration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NADPH‐oxidase‐derived ROS on the migration process. Results: Using time‐lapse videos of CHO.K1 cells plated on fibronectin (2 μg/ml) or collagen (5 μg/cm2), we observed that depletion of ROS by N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC, 10 mM), an unspecific antioxidant, or diphenyliodonium (DPI, 10 μM), a NADPH‐oxidase inhibitor, induced a ∼50% decrease in migration speed and severely impacted migration directionality. Then, we analysed the effects of NADPH oxidase on three migratory events: protrusion rate, adhesion process and signalling pathways related to cell migration. DPI induced an increase of ∼3 protrusion/cell, which were 2× faster but had a ∼50% retraction when compared with control. By pull‐down assay, we observed no changes on Rac1 activation, indicating that ROS‐mediated effects were related to downstream molecules, such as adhesion‐related molecules. A reduction of the adhesion marker FAK‐Y397 levels in cells treated with NAC and DPI was observed. In order to analyse adhesion dynamics, CHO.K1 cells transfected with paxillin‐GFP analysed with total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) indicated that DPI (5 μM) induced larger adhesions when compared with control. Conclusion: These results indicate that the local generation of NADPH‐oxidase‐derived ROS can modulate cell migration due to changes on adhesion dynamics and signalling. Significance: This study highlights the physiological requirement of ROS for cell migration and the potential use of these molecules as targets to modulate the cell migration process at different diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell migration is regulated by adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins and activation of small RhoGTPases, such as RhoA and Rac1, resulting in changes to actomyosin organization. During invasion, epithelial-derived tumor cells switch from laminin-enriched basal membrane to collagen and fibronectin-enriched connective tissue. How this switch affects the tumor migration is still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that ECM dictates the invasiveness of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). We analyzed the migratory properties of two OSCC lines, a low invasive cell line with high e-cadherin levels (Linv/HE-cad) or a highly invasive cell line with low e-cadherin levels (Hinv/LE-cad), plated on different ECM components. Compared to laminin, fibronectin induced non-directional collective migration and decreased RhoA activity in Linv/HE-cad OSCC. For Hinv/LE-cad OSCC, fibronectin increased Rac1 activity and induced smaller adhesions, resulting in a fast single cell migration in both 2D and 3D environments. Consistent with these observations, human OSCC biopsies exhibited similar changes in cell-ECM adhesion distribution at the invasive front of the tumor, where cells encounter fibronectin. Our results indicate that ECM composition might induce a switch from collective to single cell migration according to tumor invasiveness due to changes in cell-ECM adhesion and the resulting signaling pathways that alter actomyosin organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytological content of ameloblastomas of the jaw. Nine cases of ameloblastoma were punctured, and the intralesional material was processed using the cell block technique. After centrifugation, the pellet obtained from the punctured material was fixed in formaldehyde and routinely processed to inclusion in paraffin. The obtained sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Immunohistochemical reactions against anti-pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) were performed to measure the presence of epithelial cells. Cytological analyses of the obtained slides revealed the presence of epithelial cells (as evidenced by AE1/AE3 labelling) and acellular amorphous eosinophilic materials. These cytological findings, in light of clinical and imaging data, can be helpful in the presumptive diagnosis of this disease entity by eliminating other possible diagnoses. Nonetheless further studies are needed in order to determine the nature of the acellular amorphous eosinophilic material and to ascertain the immunoprofile of epithelial cells.

Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are lesions that develop exclusively on maxillary bones, and form a heterogeneous group. They vary from hamartomatous lesions to benign and malign tumors. Although they are rarely observed in dentistry clinics, it is extremely important for the dentist to be aware of them. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of odontogenic tumors diagnosed in the population of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cases of odontogenic tumors were selected from the anatomopathological diagnostic services at Federal University of Santa Catarina from 1998 to 2011. Clinical data on these cases were collected from biopsy reports and patient files. Seventy-eight cases of odontogenic tumors were surveyed. Of these diagnoses, 51% were keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs); the remaining cases were mainly ameloblastomas and odontomas. The most frequently observed lesion in this retrospective study was KCOT (more than half of cases). Thus, this study shows that modifying the classification of the OTs altered the frequency of the lesions, possibly making KCOT the most common lesion observed in diagnostic services worldwide.