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Background: Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound used as a nutritional supplement, and it is known to aid in enhancing anti-inflammatory properties. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a commonest oral mucosal conditions characterized by painful recurring ulcers. Many current studies focus on establishing Zinc sulfate's potency against Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and its other uses in dentistry as it has anti-inflammatory activity with minimal adverse effects. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of zinc sulfate in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and methods: A systematic review of clinical trials using zinc sulfate as an effective agent against Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Various databases were searched and obtained a total of 112 articles, among which three studies were included. A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Scholar, Wiley, Cochrane and Science direct. From the total 112 articles that appeared from various sources, 109 articles were screened, and three studies were related to the research topic. This article was reported according to the systematic review guidelines. Result: Three studies were included in the systematic review, of which all are clinical trials showed that Zinc sulfate had a crucial role in reducing inflammation and improving oral hygiene status. The P-value of the three articles selected are 0.001, 0.0001 and > 0.05. Conclusion: With a comparative analysis between the existing related articles about the effectiveness of zinc sulfate in treating the recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the sequel of the effectiveness of zinc sulfate in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis have to be given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the CRDI engine characteristics were analyzed with the aid of exhaust gas recirculation rate (EGR) adoption fueled with ethanol blends. The test fuels were the various blends with ethanol, such as (10% of ethanol + 90% of diesel) E10D90 (20% of ethanol + 80% of diesel), E20D80, and (30% of ethanol + 70% of diesel) E30D70. From the results, it was revealed that performance characteristics were reduced when using a higher concentration of the alcohols mixed with diesel fuel. The blend E30D70 showed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) without EGR drops by 3.8%, increased by 9.14% of BSFC, a 9.25% decrease in oxides of nitrogen emissions, and slightly decreased CO and HC emissions compared to baseline diesel operation at 60% load condition. The blend E10D90 with 20% EGR shows the highest BTE of 8.87% when compared with base fuel, due to proper fuel mixture taking place in the inlet manifold. The results indicate that the engine runs smoothly, and E30D70 has chosen an optimum blend. A further experiment was performed using E30D70 with different rates of exhaust gas recirculation system. The addition of exhaust gas recirculation with E30D70 in the common rail diesel engine exhibits oxides of nitrogen emission, but in contrast, it was noticed to have inferior performance characteristics and drastically decreased HC and CO emissions. The hydrocarbon emission decreased E10D90, E20D80, and E30D70 at 60% load condition by 21.42%, 37.38%, and 48.76%, respectively. The blends E10D90, E20D80, and E30D70 decreased carbon dioxide by 7.9%, 30.08%, and 31.98%, respectively. The maximum reduction of NOx emission was observed at about 51.06% at an EGR rate of 20% with E30D70. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural activities are often associated with contamination of water, which resulted in high concentration of nutrients and trace metals in the shallow aquifer. Occurrence and distribution of nutrients and trace metals in the groundwater of intensively irrigated region of Luvuvhu catchment were carried out to determine the status of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed for physio-chemical parameters. The results suggest that the concentration of nutrients and trace metals in the groundwater are below the permissible limit of drinking water standards recommended by the World Health Organization and South African standards except pH, K, and Pb. Low pH (51%), potassium (31%), and lead (100%) restrict the groundwater usage for drinking. Relation between groundwater flow direction and EC, sulphate, nitrate, and ammonium contents indicate that it is mostly constant towards the center of the study area, but sudden enrichment is noticed in the downstream. Silica and fluoride have increased along with the direction of groundwater flow. Trace metals (B, Pb, and Zn) show decreasing trend in the flow direction. However, pH, K, Li, Cr, and phosphate concentrations do not show significant variation along the flow direction. Positive relation between nitrate, EC, sulphate, and ammonium implies that groundwater quality is affected by the surface contamination sources, and mostly from irrigation return flow, through the application of fertilizers and organic manures. However, groundwater with high silica and fluoride also has high nitrate, which justify that wastewater infiltration from surface has triggered the mineral dissolution in the vadose. Trace metals does not correlate with nitrate. High concentrations of trace metals are recorded with low nitrate, which implies that metals are derived from mineral weathering. However, boron concentrations in few wells show positive relation with nitrate, which justified the impact of natural sources and irrigational activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation experiments were conducted during November to April under wheat crop in the winter season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 in the farmer's field at Galibkhedi village located in Karnal District, Haryana State, India. In the study, collapsible multi-outlet pipe (MOP) along with single outlets pipe (SOP) was tested in farmer's field under wheat cultivation. Irrigation was carried out in five treatments including tillage (T) with SOP and MOP; zero-tillage (ZT) with SOP and MOP, and furrow irrigation with raised bed (FIRB). Iso-time profile of waterfront spreading and advance indicated that irrigation water distribution was uniform under the plot irrigated using MOP as compared to plot irrigated using SOP. In addition, water distribution was uniform under zero tilled plots as compared to tilled plot. Results implied that MOP has several advantages over SOP in terms of application efficiency (AE) and uniformity of water distribution. Average application efficiency for the first study year was found to be in the order of ZT-MOP (82.41%) > FIRB (76.79%) > ZT-SOP (75.25%) > T-MOP (74.85%) > T-SOP (69.79%). Average application efficiency for the second study year was found to be in the same order as first year with some deviation in values. In the second year values of mean application efficiencies were ZT-MOP (82.58%) > FIRB (77.13%) > ZT-SOP (73.04%) > T-MOP (69.65%) > T-SOP (66.13%). Overall, this study concludes that irrigation under wheat crop using collapsible multi-outlet pipe (MOP) with zero tillage practices is a suitable option for surface irrigation that accomplishes uniform distribution of water with higher application efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the mobility of agricultural chemicals in the soil unsaturated zone during rice paddy cultivation in India. The authors studied the concentrations of nutrients and ions and used the nitrate and chloride data to model the movement of these chemicals. The model shows that the irrigation return flow and fertilizer application increases the nutrients and major ions concentration in the unsaturated zone. Also, soil mineralization and denitrification processes regulate the nitrogen concentration in the unsaturated zone.

An investigation was carried out to understand the role of water level fluctuation on major-ion chemistry of groundwater in the Palar and Cheyyar river basins, southern India. As groundwater is the only major source of water for agricultural and drinking purposes in this area, it is important to know the effect of geological formations and agricultural activities on groundwater chemistry. Groundwater samples were collected once a month from 43 wells (641 samples in total), from January 1998 to June 1999, and analysed for major ions. The results indicate that the major-ion chemistry of the groundwater varies with respect to space. Groundwater occurring near the River Palar has a high concentration of major ions except calcium, due to the absence of any recharge from the river, whereas lower concentrations of major ions were observed in the central part of the study area due to the recharge of fresh water from a number of surface reservoirs. The major-ion chemistry of the study region is controlled by both mineral dissolution and anthropogenic activities. The relative contributions of mineral dissolution and anthropogenic contamination are estimated by a stoichiometric approach, which suggests that mineral dissolution is the dominant process in both the formations. The relation between water level fluctuations and major-ion chemistry indicates that major-ion chemistry is also greatly influenced by the water level fluctuations in different geological formations. Thus, the major-ion chemistry of groundwater in this region is greatly influenced by mineral dissolution, anthropogenic activities and water level fluctuations in different geological formations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• During PRM, major ion concentrations are higher than PM season due to evaporation. • GW types varied from NaCl > CaMgCl > CaHCO 3 (PRM) to CaHCO 3 = NaHCO 3 = NaCl (PM). • PRM - Mineral weathering, reverse ion exchange and evaporation dominant processes. • PM - Mineral weathering, cation exchange and dilution regulate water chemistry. • Monsoon recharge facilitated the pollutant movement from the surface to aquifer. Impact of monsoon recharge on groundwater chemistry and geochemical processes was evaluated using geochemical methods in the shallow hard-rock aquifer, southern India. Groundwater samples were collected from Salem city and its outskirts during pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (PM) seasons and analysed for major and minor ions. Results suggest that during PRM, the average concentration of TDS, major ions and electrical conductivity (EC) in groundwater are higher than the PM season except for Na+ and HCO 3 –. The major water types also varied with seasons (PRM: NaCl > CaMgCl > CaHCO 3 ; PM: CaHCO 3 = NaHCO 3 = NaCl). Pearson correlation analysis indicates that Cl− and SO 4 2− show a strong positive correlation with EC, TDS, TH and major cations during PRM season whereas HCO 3 – and NO 3 – have a strong positive correlation with most of the ions during PM season. Before monsoon, the water chemistry is governed by the weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, reverse ion exchange and evaporation processes, which resulted in high EC, TDS, TH and major ions in the groundwater. After the monsoon, the water chemistry is regulated by the mineral weathering, cation exchange and dilution processes. Geochemical modelling studies indicate that groundwater is saturated and oversaturated with carbonate minerals and undersaturated with sulphate and chloride minerals. During monsoon, the recharging water flushed the weathered layer and dissolved the soil CO 2 in the vadose zone, which subsequently enhanced the concentration of Na+ and HCO 3 – in the aquifer. Further, the high concentrations of Cl−, SO 4 2- and NO 3 – imply that the aquifer is polluted by surface contamination sources. After the monsoon, NO 3 – implies that monsoon recharge facilitated the pollutant movement from surface to the aquifer. Hence, a proper aquifer management plan is required to protect this aquifer and to provide clean and safe drinking water to the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Studied the seasonal waterlogging impact on metals distribution in floodplain soil. • Concentrations of trace metals and major oxides are higher in the WL profile. • Metals accumulation are higher in the topsoil layers due to silt and clay fractions. • Ni, As, Cr and Cu may cause occasional adverse biological effects to living organisms. • Soil texture, Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides and carbonates governed the metals distribution. In the Ganges River basin, studies related to the depth-wise distribution of major and trace metals in these floodplain soils (seasonally waterlogged and non-water logged) have been limited thus far. This research attempts to address this gap in the current literature by geochemical and geostatistical analyses and assessment of soil pollution. Significant concentrations of major and trace metals in these soils could greatly impact the health of local communities. Soil samples were collected in the eastern Ganges basin from a shallow seasonally waterlogged (SWL) site and a shallow non-waterlogged (SNWL) site up to 3 m below ground level (mbgl) and a deep seasonally waterlogged (DWL, up to 14 mbgl) site. The soils were analysed to determine soil texture and the concentration of major oxides and trace metals with increasing depth. The average concentration of trace metals (Ba, Rb, V, Cr, Ni, As, Pb, Ga, Co, Cs, Nb, W) and major oxides (Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , K 2 O, MgO) are higher in the SWL soil than the SNWL soil. A higher concentration of metals generally occurred in the upper soil layers due to the adsorption of elements by the silt and clay fractions. Soil pollution assessment indicated that W, As, Sb and Cu are enriched in both the waterlogged and non-waterlogged soils, while Sn is enriched in the SNWL soil profile only. The values obtained for the geochemical indices, which were geoaccumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI), were relatively higher in the top layers for the SWL and DWL sites. Based on effects range-low (ERL) and effects range-median (ERM) values, the possibility of adverse biological effects caused by the metals is highest for Ni in the DWL site, Cr and Ni in the SWL site and Cu in the SNWL site. Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) justify the role of soil texture, phyllosilicates, Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides and carbonates in the occurrence and distribution of metals in these soils. Seasonal waterlogging facilitates the dissolution and precipitation of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and adsorption/desorption processes, leading to the accumulation and retention of more trace metals in the soil. This study implies that the silt and clay present in the vadose zone may act as a filter to protect local groundwater aquifers from metal contamination. This work provides insights on the behaviour of major and trace metals in the soil depth profile of seasonally waterlogged floodplain soil that is used for local agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One lung ventilation (OLV) is a technique used during lung resection surgery to facilitate optimal surgical conditions. However, this may result in severe hypoxemia due to the right-to-left shunt created in the collapsed lung. Several techniques are used to overcome hypoxemia, one of which is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the non-dependent lung. Another technique is ventilating the non-dependent lung with a minimal volume, thus creating differential lung ventilation (DLV) or split lung ventilation (SLV). In this study, we compared the efficacy of CPAP to DLV during video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lung resection., Materials and Methods: In this single-center randomized controlled, cross-over study, each patient acted as his control as well as the study. Patients crossed over from SLV to CPAP (or vice versa) with an interval period during which only OLV was used (control period). The primary objective of the study was to observe the changes in oxygenation, ventilation, and the surgeons' perception of the surgical field using CPAP or SLV to the non-ventilated lung during the period of OLV in patients undergoing thoracic surgery., Results: The study revealed that oxygenation was significantly better when using SLV to the non-ventilated lung during the period of OLV (P = 0.03). However, the surgeon found a significantly better surgical field when applying CPAP to the surgical field., Conclusions: The study showed that using SLV to the non-ventilated lung during the period of OLV was superior in terms of oxygenation, although it interfered more with the surgical field., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia.)

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who undergo hemodialysis are predisposed to interstitial cerebral edema. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery can increase optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and intracranial pressure. The impact of robotic-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) on ONSD is complicated by the presence of CKD, the administration of furosemide and mannitol, and the manipulation of hemodynamics. We examined ONSD variations in patients undergoing RAKT over a 1-year period at our institution. Furthermore, we attempted to identify any perioperative hemodynamic factors influencing these changes., Methods: This prospective study included 20 patients undergoing RAKT. ONSD, heart rate, central venous pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured following intubation (T1), after assuming the steep Trendelenburg position (T2), 1 hour after docking (T3), upon reperfusion (T4), after transition to the supine position (T5), and 3 hours postextubation (T6). Repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni correction was employed to compare variables at each time point. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to assess relationships between variables. P-values ≤0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance., Results: ONSD (in mm) increased from T1 (3.60±0.44) to T3 (4.06±0.45, P=0.002) and T4 (3.99±0.62, P=0.046), before falling to its lowest value at T6 (3.42±0.64, P=0.002). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations (P<0.05) between changes in ONSD at T3 and both DBP (r=0.637) and MAP (r=0.522)., Conclusions: During RAKT with open ureteric anastomosis, ONSD initially increased, then decreased following reperfusion. DBP and MAP displayed positive correlations with ONSD changes at T3.

Groundwater quality in Wadi Fatimah is evaluated and demarcated for agriculture utilities using comprehensive approaches namely, international standards, agricultural water quality (AWQ) indices, irrigation water quality index (IWQI), and trace metals. Groundwater samples were collected (n = 59) and analysed for EC, pH, major and minor ions and trace metals. According to FAO recommendations, 42% of samples (EC > 3000 µS/cm) are inappropriate for agricultural uses. AWQ indices including salinity hazard, Kelly's ratio and Na% show that 50%, 19% and 37% of samples, respectively, are unsuitable for agricultural uses. USSL classification reveals that groundwater is preferable only for high-permeability soils and salt-tolerant crops. IWQI suggests that 88% of samples are moderately usable for agriculture. The interrelationship between water salinity and crop yield justified that 73%, 59%, 51% and 25% of samples are desirable to yield 90% in date palm trees, sorghum, rice and citrus fruits, respectively. Groundwater is appropriate for date palm trees except in downstream regions. Boron concentration suggests that 52%, 81% and 92% of samples are suitable for sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant crops, respectively. Groundwater in the central part (suitable for sensitive crops), central and upstream regions (semi-tolerant crops) and all regions except downstream (tolerant crops) are suitable for cultivation. Trace metals contents illustrate that 36%, 34%, 22%, 8%, 5% and 100% of samples are inappropriate for agriculture due to high concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Mn and Mo, respectively in the groundwater. Further, AWQ indices, IWQI, USSL classifications and trace metals ensure that groundwater in the downstream, and a few pockets in the upstream are unfit for agricultural uses. This study recommends that groundwater in this basin is more suitable for tolerant crops (ie. date palm, sorghum) followed by semi-tolerant and sensitive crops., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Groundwater sustainability in hard rock aquifers is compromised largely due to nitrate contamination from anthropogenic sources resulting in diminishing potable resources and attendant health issues. A purpose-driven study through an integrated approach was undertaken in the area of interest (hard rock aquifer) to assess the variations in nitrate concentration and resultant health impacts in response to variations in monsoon and land use patterns. Groundwater samples (n = 284) were collected for a period of three years (2017-2019) and analysed. From the analytical data, it is inferred that 27% and 9% of groundwater samples in the study area have high NO 3 - values of > 45 mg/l and > 100 mg/l, respectively. NO 3 - contamination zones mapping illustrates that NO 3 - contaminated area (> 45 mg/l) varied seasonally 1164 km 2 (2017), 1086 km 2 (2018) and 1640 km 2 (2019)) and high-risk area (NO 3 -  > 100 mg/l) has reduced drastically during 2018 due to dilution by monsoon (277 km 2 (2017), 41 km 2 (2018), 634 km 2 (2019)). The lowest NO 3 - and Cl - concentrations are recorded during 2018 which coincides with high rainfall (2061 mm). NO 3 - concentrations in response to land use pattern indicate that the hot spots (NO 3 -  > 45 mg/l and > 100 mg/l) are observed in groundwater samples of residential areas which are vulnerable to contamination from domestic wastewater, septic tanks and other pollutants. Further, wastewater infiltration facilitated the dissolution of certain minerals in the unsaturated zone which enhanced the accumulation of NO 3 - and other ions in this aquifer. Mineral weathering, denitrification and evaporation processes also affected the groundwater chemistry. The health risk model (HQ oral ) indicates that groundwater in 1261 km 2 (2017), 1232 km 2 (2018) and 1669 km 2 (2019) is unsuitable for drinking (HQ > 1) and causes adverse health risks to the local inhabitants. The study has identified areas from the central and southeastern regions significantly affected by nitrate pollution underpinning the necessity of using treated groundwater for drinking purposes., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Groundwater quality in Yalamlam basin, Saudi Arabia, was appraised for drinking, irrigation, livestock and poultry applications by international standards, drinking water quality index (DWQI), irrigation water quality (IWQ) parameters, and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) calculations. Potential non-carcinogenic health risks due to high NO 3 - water were assessed for various age groups using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) models. Groundwater samples (n = 40) were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and major and minor constituents. The average total dissolved solids (TDS), EC, and total hardness (TH) in the groundwater are 3478 µS/cm, 1739 mg/l, and 1240 mg/l, respectively. High salinity, TH, NO - water were assessed for various age groups using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) models. Groundwater samples (n = 40) were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and major and minor constituents. The average total dissolved solids (TDS), EC, and total hardness (TH) in the groundwater are 3478 µS/cm, 1739 mg/l, and 1240 mg/l, respectively. High salinity, TH, NO 3 - , and F - in this aquifer restrict the usage of groundwater for drinking. DWQI values suggest that only 47.5% of samples are potable. According to USEPA recommendation, 72.5%, 80%, and 100% of samples for NO 3 - and 22.5%, 32.5%, and 40% of samples for F - surpassed the limit (HQ oral  > 1) for adults, children, and infants, respectively, which creates non-carcinogenic health hazards to the respective age groups. The total hazard index is greater than one in 75%, 87.5%, and 100% of samples computed for adults, children, and infants, respectively. Due to high salinity, 53% of samples are not pertinent for irrigation. USSL classification reveals that groundwater samples in the study site are recommended only for salt-tolerant crops and coarse-textured high permeability soil. In this study, IWQI is reclassified using salinity, which suggests that 68% of samples are moderately suitable for irrigation. Based on EC alone, 83% are desirable for livestock and poultry uses whereas integration of multiple parameters with EC indicates that only 53% are acceptable for all kinds of livestock and poultry uses in the study site. Spatial distribution of major and minor ions, DWQI, HQ oral , and IWQI imply that groundwater quality is degraded from upstream to downstream. High salinity groundwater in the downstream wells is unsuitable for any application, which needs a proper treatment before use. Spatial maps created for various parameters are useful for identifying the good quality groundwater zone for groundwater development potential for various stakeholders., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A systematic study was performed in the arid coastal aquifer to evaluate groundwater quality using drinking water quality indices (DWQI) and health risk assessment models in southern Saudi Arabia. Groundwater samples were collected (n = 80) and analysed for major and minor ions. Results suggest that 85% of wells are unsuitable for drinking due to high salinity and hardness. Likewise, high NO 3 - and F - are encountered in 51% and 46% of wells, respectively. High salinity, Cl - and SO 4 2- are noticed in the coastal wells, which are derived from saline sources, evaporation and anthropogenic activities. High NO 3 - is originated from anthropogenic sources and the nitrification process. Recharge of wastewater with high NO 3 - is mixed with high salinity groundwater in this shallow aquifer. DWQI indicates that 66% of samples are poor to unsuitable classes. Wells with poor quality groundwater existed in the coastal belt and water quality is degraded while moving from upstream to downstream. The average values of hazard quotient (HQoral, NO 3 - , F - ) and total hazard index (THI) ensured that highly vulnerable groups are in the order of infants > children > adults. In the study region, the THI are > 1 in 75% (adults), 89% (children) and 94% (infants) of samples, respectively. The spatial distribution of HQoral reveals that groundwater in the coastal and southern regions is not advisable for direct oral ingestion, which causes serious non-carcinogenic health risk to inhabitants. Groundwater in these regions needs proper treatment to remove the contaminants before use., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background and objective The advent of robot-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) has ushered in a new set of challenges. In this single-center retrospective observational study, we aimed to highlight the anesthetic challenges and analyze perioperative parameters to identify the risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF) in RAKT. Methods A descriptive analysis of perioperative factors of the first 100 cases of RAKT at our center was performed. Data were retrieved from the hospital's electronic medical records (EMR) of donors and adult patients who underwent RAKT between July 2015 and December 2020. The data analyzed included demographics, preoperative optimization, intraoperative and postoperative management, and complications. DGF was defined as a requirement of dialysis within one week of transplant. The Fisher's exact test, independent sample t-test, and the Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze data. Results Among a total of 193 renal transplants performed during the study period, 100 patients underwent RAKT, which included 27 females and 73 males. Of these, 91 were live while the remaining involved deceased-donor transplants. Pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position required various "anesthetic maneuvers" to maintain hemodynamics and respiratory parameters. Optimal fluid management, with frusemide and mannitol, ensured good urine output (UOP) (93%). Post-reperfusion, the release of pneumoperitoneum, maintenance of adequate perfusion pressures, immunosuppression, and regional hypothermia helped in ensuring adequate graft function (93%). The incidence of DGF in our series was 7% and the mortality rate was 3%. Recipient age (p=0.045), dyslipidemia (p=0.021), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.023) were identified as significant risk factors for DGF. Conclusion Advanced recipient age, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were factors significantly associated with DGF in RAKT in our series of 100 cases. However, the duration of the steep Trendelenburg position, docking of robot/pneumoperitoneum (console time), fluid management, warm and cold ischemia times, rewarming time, and type of graft did not influence DGF. Awareness of the systemic involvement in RAKT, proper preoperative optimization, and knowledge of potential problems are essential for the efficient anesthetic management of RAKT., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Rajmohan et al.)

Trace metals pollution, distribution and associated health risk were evaluated in the arid coastal aquifer, Hada Al-Sham, Western Saudi Arabia using an integrated approach namely heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination index (C d ), health risk assessment (HRA) model and multivariate statistical analysis. Groundwater samples (n = 47) were analysed for EC, pH, TDS, Ag, Al, B, Ba, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. Groundwater is mostly alkaline (72%) with high salinity (TDS >1500 mg/l, 77%). Average trace metals concentrations are in the dominance order of B > Cu > Al > Mo > Pb > V > Ba > Zn > Ni > Cr > Fe > Ag. Groundwater (100% wells) is unsafe for drinking based on V, Mo, Al concentrations followed by the Pb (96%), B (91%), Ni (72%), Cr (23%), Cu (17%) and Ag (6%), which exceeded the WHO and USEPA prescribed limits. Results of HPI and C d also implied the high contamination and enhanced level of metals in the groundwater. Chronic daily intake (CDI oral ), hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard quotient (THQ) were employed for health risk assessment. HQ values reveal that 100% (Al, Mo), 85% (Cu), 21% (B), 13% (Cr) and 6% (Pb) of samples exceeded the recommended limit (>1), which can cause an adverse health risk to adult and children. Pearson correlation, principal components analyses, and Hierarchical cluster analysis justified that aluminium silicates weathering and Fe oxides/hydroxides dissolution (Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Ag, Al, Mo and V), evaporation, anthropogenic input (Cu and B) and dissolution of carbonate and sulphate minerals (Ba and Zn) controlled the water chemistry in this aquifer. This study recommends a proper treatment of the groundwater to be safe for various uses. The comprehensive approach, employed here, is applicable to any arid aquifers worldwide., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The demand for mint is increasing from year to year, and it is more important than ever to secure a sustainable and robust supply of such an important plant. The USDA mint core collection provides the basis for many researches worldwide regarding, e.g., sequencing, cytology, and disease resistances. A recently developed toolbox enables here for the first time the analysis of such a complex collection in terms of the aroma compound composition and the mapping of flavor alterations depending on taxonomy, environmental conditions, and growing stages by means of comprehensive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Therefore, in this study, not only the aroma compound composition of 153 genotypes was characterized but it was also demonstrated that the composition varies depending on taxonomy and changes during the growth of the plant. Furthermore, it could be shown that greenhouse conditions have an enormous influence on the concentrations of aroma compounds.