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1. Comment to: The effects of an 8-week multicomponent inpatient treatment program on body composition and anaerobic fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents

Author

Radtke T, Knöpfli BH, Wildhaber JH, and Hammer J

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Thomas Radtke,1 Bruno H Knöpfli,2 Johannes H Wildhaber,3 Jürg Hammer4 1Division of Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, 2Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Zurich, 3Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, 4Division of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandWe note with surprise a recent paper entitled "The effects of an 8-week multicomponent inpatient treatment program on body composition and anaerobic fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents" by Karner-Rezek et al1 published in the International Journal of General Medicine concerning the effects of an 8-week multicomponent inpatient treatment program on body composition and anaerobic fitness in overweight and obese children and adolescents. We would like to take this opportunity to comment on the study findings and, in particular, address the methodological inconsistencies and ambiguities in this study.View original paper by Karner-Rezek and colleagues.

Published
2014

4. In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

Author

Dorison, C. A., Lerner, J. S., Heller, B. H., Rothman, A. J., Kawachi, I. I., Wang, K., Rees, V. W., Gill, B. P., Gibbs, N., Ebersole, C. R., Vally, Z., Tajchman, Z., Zsido, A. N., Zrimsek, M., Chen, Z., Ziano, I., Gialitaki, Z., Ceary, C. D., Jang, Y., Lin, Y., Kunisato, Y., Yamada, Y., Xiao, Q., Jiang, X., Du, X., Yao, E., Ryan, W., Wilson, J. P., Cyrus-Lai, W., Jimenez-Leal, W., Law, W., Unanue, W., Collins, W. M., Richard, K. L., Vranka, M., Ankushev, V., Schei, V., DePaola, C., Lerche, V., Kovic, V., Križanić, V., Kadreva, V. H., Adoric, V. C., Tran, U. S., Yeung, S. K., Hassan, W., Houston, R., Machin, M. A., Lima, T. J. S., Ostermann, T., Frizzo, T., Sverdrup, T. E., House, T., Gill, T., Fedotov, M., Paltrow, T., Jernsäther, T., Rahman, T., Machin, T., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Hostler, T. J., Ishii, T., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Suter, L., von Bormann, S. M., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Stojanovska, D., Janssen, S. M. J., Stieger, S., Schulenberg, S. E., Tatachari, S., Azouaghe, S., Sorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Song, X., Morbée, S., Lewis, S. C., Sinkolova, S., Grigoryev, D., Drexler, S. M., Daches, S., Levine, S. L., Geniole, S. N., Akter, S., Vračar, S., Massoni, S., Costa, S., Zorjan, S., Sarıoğuz, E., Morales Izquierdo, S., Tshonda, S. S., Alves, S. G., Pöntinen, S., Álvarez Solas, S., Ordoñez-Riaño, S., Batić Očovaj, S., Onie, S., Lins, S., Biberauer, T., Çoksan, S., Khumkom, S., Sacakli, A., Ruiz-Fernández, S., Geiger, S. J., FatahModares, S., Walczak, R. B., Betlehem, R., Vilar, R., Doekemeijer, R., Cárcamo, R., Ross, R. M., McCarthy, R., Ballantyne, T., Westgate, E. C., Gargurevich, R., Afhami, R., Ren, D., Monteiro, R. P., Reips, U-D., Reggev, N., Calin-Jageman, R. J., Pourafshari, R., London, R., Oliveira, R., Nedelcheva-Datsova, M., Rahal, R-M., Ribeiro, R. R., Radtke, T., Searston, R., Jai-ai, R., Habte, R., Zdybek, P., Chen, S-C., Wajanatinapart, P., Maturan, P. L. G., Perillo, J. T., Isager, P. M., Kačmár, P., Macapagal, P. M., Maniaci, M. R., Szwed, P., Hanel, P. H. P., Forbes, P. A. G., Arriaga, P., Paris, B., Parashar, N., Papachristopoulos, K., Sebastián-Correa, P., Kácha, O., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Niño Bravo, O., Galindo-Caballero, O. J., Ogbonnaya, C. E., Bialobrzeska, O., Kiselnikova, N., Simonovic, N., Cohen, N., Nock, N. L., Hernandez, A., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Ntoumanis, N., Johannes, N., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Say, N., Neubauer, A. B., Martin, N. I., Torunsky, N., van Antwerpen, N., Van Doren, N., Sunami, N., Rachev, N. R., Majeed, N. M., Schmidt, N-D., Nadif, K., Corral-Frías, N. S., Ouherrou, N., Abbas, N., Pantazi, M., Lucas, M. Y., Vasilev, Martin R., Ortiz, M. V., Butt, M. M., Kurfali, M., Kabir, M., Muda, R., Tejada Rivera, M. C., Sirota, M., Seehuus, M., Parzuchowski, M., Toro, M., Hricova, M., Alarcón Maldonado, M., Rentzelas, P., Vansteenkiste, M., Metz, M. A., Marszalek, M., Karekla, M., Mioni, G., Bosma, M. J., Westerlund, M., Vdovic, M., Bialek, M., Silan, M. A., Anne, M., Misiak, M., Gugliandolo, M. C., Grinberg, M., Capizzi, M., Espinoza Barría, M. F., Kurfali, M. A., Mensink, M. C., Harutyunyan, M., Khosla, M., Dunn, M. R., Korbmacher, M., Adamkovič, M., Ribeiro, M. F. F., Terskova, M., Hruška, M., Martončik, M., Jansen, M., Voracek, M., Čadek, M., Frias-Armenta, M., Kowal, M., Topor, M., Roczniewska, M., Oosterlinck, M., Braun Kohlová, M., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Sabristov, M., Romanova, M., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Lund, M. L., Antoniadi, M., Magrin, M. E., Jones, M. V., Ortiz, M. S., Manavalan, M., Muminov, A., Kossowska, M., Friedemann, M., Wielgus, M., van Hooff, M. L. M., Varella, M. A. C., Standage, M., Nicolotti, M., Colloff, M. F., Bradford, M., Vaughn, L. A., Eudave, L., Vieira, L., Sanabria Pineda, L. M., Matos, L., Calderón Pérez, L., Lazarevic, L. B., Jaremka, L. M., Smit, E. S., Kushnir, E., Ferguson, L. J., Anton-Boicuk, L., Lins de Holanda Coelho, G., Ahlgren, L., Liga, F., Levitan, C. A., Micheli, L., Gunton, L-A., Volz, L., Stojanovska, M., Boucher, L., Samojlenko, L., Javela Delgado, L. G., Kaliska, L., Labadi, B., Warmelink, L., Rojas-Berscia, L. M., Yu, K., Wylie, K., Wachowicz, J., Desai, K., Barzykowski, K., Kozma, L., Evans, K., Kirgizova, K., Agesin, B. E., Koehn, M. A., Wolfe, K., Korobova, T., Morris, K., Klevjer, K., van Schie, K., Vezirian, K., Damnjanović, K., Krabbe Thommesen, K., Schmidt, K., Filip, K., Staniaszek, K., Grzech, K., Hoyer, K., Moon, K., Khaobunmasiri, S., Rana, K., Janjić, K., Suchow, J. W., Kielińska, J., Cruz Vásquez, J. E., Chanal, J., Beitner, J., Vargas-Nieto, J. C., Roxas, J. C. T., Taber, J., Urriago-Rayo, J., Pavlacic, J. M., Benka, J., Bavolar, J., Soto, J. A., Olofsson, J. K., Vilsmeier, J. K., Messerschmidt, J., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Waterschoot, J., Moss, J. D., Boudesseul, J., Lee, J. M., Kamburidis, J., Joy-Gaba, J. A., Zickfeld, J., Miranda, J. F., Verharen, J. P. H., Hristova, E., Beshears, J. E., Đorđević, J. M., Bosch, J., Valentova, J. V., Antfolk, J., Berkessel, J. B., Schrötter, J., Urban, J., Röer, J. P., Norton, J. O., Silva, J. R., Pickering, J. S., Vintr, J., Uttley, J., Kunst, J. R., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Iyer, A., Vilares, I., Ivanov, A., Ropovik, I., Sula, I., Sarieva, I., Metin-Orta, I., Prusova, I., Pinto, I., Bozdoc, A. I., Almeida, I. A. T., Pit, I. L., Dalgar, I., Zakharov, I., Arinze, A. I., Ihaya, K., Stephen, I. D., Gjoneska, B., Brohmer, H., Flowe, H., Godbersen, H., Kocalar, H. E., Hedgebeth, M. V., Chuan-Peng, H., Sharifian, M. H., Manley, H., Akkas, H., Hajdu, N., Azab, H., Kaminski, G., Nilsonne, G., Anjum, G., Travaglino, G. A., Feldman, G., Pfuhl, G., Czarnek, G., Marcu, G. M., Hofer, G., Banik, G., Adetula, G. A., Bijlstra, G., Verbruggen, F., Kung, F. Y. H., Martela, F., Foroni, F., Forest, J., Singer, G., Muchembled, F., Azevedo, F., Mosannenzadeh, F., Marinova, E., Štrukelj, E., Etebari, Z., Baskin, E., Garcia, E. O. L., Musser, E., van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Bradshaw, E. L., Ahn, E. R., Quested, E., Pronizius, E., Jackson, E. A., Manunta, E., Agadullina, E., Šakan, D., Dursun, P., Dujols, O., Dubrov, D., Willis, M., Tümer, M., Beaudry, J. L., Popović, D., Dunleavy, D., Djamai, I., Krupić, D., Herrera, D., Vega, D., Du, H., Mola, D., Chakarova, D., Davis, W. E., Holford, D. L., Lewis, D. M. G., Vaidis, D. C., Hausman Ozery, D., Zambrano Ricaurte, D., Storage, D., Sousa, D., Serrato Alvarez, D., Boller, D., Dalla Rosa, A., Dimova, D., Marko, D., Moreau, D., Reeck, C., Correia, R. C., Whitt, C. M., Lamm, C., Singh Solorzano, C., von Bastian, C.C., Sutherland, C. A. M., Overkott, C., Aberson, C. L., Wang, C., Niemiec, C. P., Reimer, C., Karashiali, C., Noone, C., Chiu, F., Picciocchi, C., Eben, C., Brownlow, C., Karaarslan, C., Cellini, N., Esteban-Serna, C., Reyna, C., Ferreyra, C., Batres, C., Li, R., Grano, C., Carpentier, J., Tamnes, C. K., Fu, C. H. Y., Ishkhanyan, B., Bylinina, L., Jaeger, B., Bundt, C., Bulut Allred, T., Vermote, B. J., Bokkour, A., Bogatyreva, N., Shi, J., Chopik, W. J., Antazo, B., Becker, M., Bayyat, M. M., Cocco, B., Chou, W-L., Barkoukis, V., Aczel, B., Baklanova, E., Bai, H., Balci, B. B., Babinčák, P., Soenens, B., Dixson, B. J. W., Mokady, A., Kappes, H. B., Atari, M., Szala, A., Szabelska, A., Aruta, J. J. B., Domurat, A., Arinze, N. C., Modena, A., Adiguzel, A., Monajem, A., El Arabi, K. A., Özdoğru, A. A., Rothbaum, A. O., Torres, A. J. O., Theodoropoulou, A., Skowronek, A., Jurković, A. P., Singh, A., Kassianos, A. P., Findor, A., Hartanto, A., Thibault Landry, A., Ferreira, A., Caetano Santos, A., De la Rosa-Gomez, A., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Luxon, A. M., Todsen, A. L., Karababa, A., Janak, A., Pilato, A., Bran, A., Tullett, A. M., Kuzminska, A. O., Krafnick, A. J., Urooj, A., Khaoudi, A., Ahmed, A., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Askelund, A. D., Adetula, A., Belaus, A., Charyate, A. C., Wichman, A. L., Stoyanova, A., Greenburgh, A., Thomas, A. G., Arvanitis, A., Forscher, P. S., Mallik, P. R., Primbs, M. A., Miller, J. K., Moshontz, H., Urry, H. L., IJzerman, H., Basnight-Brown, D. M., Chartier, C. R., Buchanan, E. M., Coles, N. A., MÜ, Eğitim Fakültesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Organizational Psychology, Jernsäther, Teodor [0000-0002-7030-3299], Tatachari, Srinivasan [0000-0003-1838-2361], Geiger, Sandra J [0000-0002-3262-5609], Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa [0000-0001-5271-111X], Varella, Marco A C [0000-0002-7274-7360], Stephen, Ian D [0000-0001-9714-8295], Kaminski, Gwenael [0000-0001-5300-5655], Bai, Hui [0000-0003-2671-5955], Coles, Nicholas A [0000-0001-8583-5610], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Center Ph. D. Students, Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, and Medical and Clinical Psychology

Subjects
Nudges, Behaviour Change and Well-being, ddc:150, 230 Affective Neuroscience, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, message framing, anxiety, nudges, COVID-19, Message framing, General Medicine, Anxiety
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 284232.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions. 26 p.

Published
2022

5. Erratum: Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Nature human behaviour (2021) 5 8 (1089-1110))

Author

Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C. A., Miller, J. K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J. S., Gross, J. J., Agesin, B. B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K., Ozery, D. H., Jackson, E. A., Garcia, E. O. L., Drexler, S. M., Jurkovic, A. P., Rana, K., Wilson, J. P., Antoniadi, M., Desai, K., Gialitaki, Z., Kushnir, E., Nadif, K., Bravo, O. N., Nauman, R., Oosterlinck, M., Pantazi, M., Pilecka, N., Szabelska, A., van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Filip, K., Bozdoc, A. I., Marcu, G. M., Agadullina, E., Adamkovic, M., Roczniewska, M., Reyna, C., Kassianos, A. P., Westerlund, M., Ahlgren, L., Pontinen, S., Adetula, G. A., Dursun, P., Arinze, A. I., Arinze, N. C., Ogbonnaya, C. E., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Dalgar, I., Akkas, H., Macapagal, P. M., Lewis, S., Metin-Orta, I., Foroni, F., Willis, M., Santos, A. C., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Kurfali, M. A., Vasilev, M. R., Nock, N. L., Parzuchowski, M., Espinoza Barria, M. F., Vranka, M., Kohlova, M. B., Ropovik, I., Harutyunyan, M., Wang, C., Yao, E., Becker, M., Manunta, E., Kaminski, G., Boudesseul, J., Marko, D., Evans, K., Lewis, D. M. G., Findor, A., Landry, A. T., Aruta, J. J. B., Ortiz, M. S., Vally, Z., Pronizius, E., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Grinberg, M., Li, R., Valentova, J. V., Mioni, G., Cellini, N., Chen, S. -C., Zickfeld, J., Moon, K., Azab, H., Levy, N., Karababa, A., Beaudry, J. L., Boucher, L., Collins, W. M., Todsen, A. L., van Schie, K., Vintr, J., Bavolar, J., Kaliska, L., Krizanic, V., Samojlenko, L., Pourafshari, R., Geiger, S. J., Beitner, J., Warmelink, L., Ross, R. M., Stephen, I. D., Hostler, T. J., Azouaghe, S., Mccarthy, R., Szala, A., Grano, C., Solorzano, C. S., Anjum, G., Jimenez-Leal, W., Bradford, M., Perez, L. C., Cruz Vasquez, J. E., Galindo-Caballero, O. J., Vargas-Nieto, J. C., Kacha, O., Arvanitis, A., Xiao, Q., Carcamo, R., Zorjan, S., Tajchman, Z., Vilares, I., Pavlacic, J. M., Kunst, J. R., Tamnes, C. K., von Bastian, C. C., Atari, M., Sharifian, M., Hricova, M., Kacmar, P., Schrotter, J., Rahal, R. -M., Cohen, N., Fatahmodares, S., Zrimsek, M., Zakharov, I., Koehn, M. A., Esteban-Serna, C., Calin-Jageman, R. J., Krafnick, A. J., Strukelj, E., Isager, P. M., Urban, J., Silva, J. R., Martoncik, M., Ocovaj, S. B., Sakan, D., Kuzminska, A. O., Djordjevic, J. M., Almeida, I. A. T., Ferreira, A., Lazarevic, L. B., Manley, H., Ricaurte, D. Z., Monteiro, R. P., Etabari, Z., Musser, E., Dunleavy, D., Chou, W., Godbersen, H., Ruiz-Fernandez, S., Reeck, C., Batres, C., Kirgizova, K., Muminov, A., Azevedo, F., Alvarez, D. S., Butt, M. M., Lee, J. M., Chen, Z., Verbruggen, F., Ziano, I., Tumer, M., Charyate, A. C. A., Dubrov, D., Tejada Rivera, M. D. C. M. C., Aberson, C., Palfi, B., Maldonado, M. A., Hubena, B., Sacakli, A., Ceary, C. D., Richard, K. L., Singer, G., Perillo, J. T., Ballantyne, T., Cyrus-Lai, W., Fedotov, M., Du, H., Wielgus, M., Pit, I. L., Hruska, M., Sousa, D., Aczel, B., Hajdu, N., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Barzykowski, K., Micheli, L., Schmidt, N. -D., Zsido, A. N., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Muda, R., Bialek, M., Kowal, M., Sorokowska, A., Misiak, M., Mola, D., Ortiz, M. V., Correa, P. S., Belaus, A., Muchembled, F., Ribeiro, R. R., Arriaga, P., Oliveira, R., Vaughn, L. A., Szwed, P., Kossowska, M., Czarnek, G., Kielinska, J., Antazo, B., Betlehem, R., Stieger, S., Nilsonne, G., Simonovic, N., Taber, J., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Domurat, A., Ihaya, K., Yamada, Y., Urooj, A., Gill, T., Cadek, M., Bylinina, L., Messerschmidt, J., Kurfali, M., Adetula, A., Baklanova, E., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Kappes, H. B., Gjoneska, B., House, T., Jones, M. V., Berkessel, J. B., Chopik, W. J., Coksan, S., Seehuus, M., Khaoudi, A., Bokkour, A., El Arabi, K. A., Djamai, I., Iyer, A., Parashar, N., Adiguzel, A., Kocalar, H. E., Bundt, C., Norton, J. O., Papadatou-Pastou, M., De la Rosa-Gomez, A., Ankushev, V., Bogatyreva, N., Grigoryev, D., Ivanov, A., Prusova, I., Romanova, M., Sarieva, I., Terskova, M., Hristova, E., Kadreva, V. H., Janak, A., Schei, V., Sverdrup, T. E., Askelund, A. D., Pineda, L. M. S., Krupic, D., Levitan, C. A., Johannes, N., Ouherrou, N., Say, N., Sinkolova, S., Janjic, K., Stojanovska, M., Stojanovska, D., Khosla, M., Thomas, A. G., Kung, F. Y. H., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Balci, B. B., Reips, U. -D., Baskin, E., Ishkhanyan, B., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dixson, B. J. W., Moreau, D., Sutherland, C. A. M., Chuan-Peng, H., Noone, C., Flowe, H., Anne, M., Janssen, S. M. J., Topor, M., Majeed, N. M., Kunisato, Y., Yu, K., Daches, S., Hartanto, A., Vdovic, M., Anton-Boicuk, L., Forbes, P. A. G., Kamburidis, J., Marinova, E., Nedelcheva-Datsova, M., Rachev, N. R., Stoyanova, A., Schmidt, K., Suchow, J. W., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Jernsather, T., Olofsson, J. K., Bialobrzeska, O., Marszalek, M., Tatachari, S., Afhami, R., Law, W., Antfolk, J., Zuro, B., Van Doren, N., Soto, J. A., Searston, R., Miranda, J., Damnjanovic, K., Yeung, S. K., Hoyer, K., Jaeger, B., Ren, D., Pfuhl, G., Klevjer, K., Corral-Frias, N. S., Frias-Armenta, M., Lucas, M. Y., Torres, A. O., Toro, M., Delgado, L. G. J., Vega, D., Solas, S. A., Vilar, R., Massoni, S., Frizzo, T., Bran, A., Vaidis, D. C., Vieira, L., Paris, B., Capizzi, M., Coelho, G. L. H., Greenburgh, A., Whitt, C. M., Tullett, A. M., Du, X., Volz, L., Bosma, M. J., Karaarslan, C., Sarioguz, E., Allred, T. B., Korbmacher, M., Colloff, M. F., Lima, T. J. S., Ribeiro, M. F. F., Verharen, J. P. H., Karekla, M., Karashiali, C., Sunami, N., Jaremka, L. M., Storage, D., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Hanel, P. H. P., Holford, D. L., Sirota, M., Wolfe, K., Chiu, F., Theodoropoulou, A., Ahn, E. R., Lin, Y., Westgate, E. C., Brohmer, H., Hofer, G., Dujols, O., Vezirian, K., Feldman, G., Travaglino, G. A., Ahmed, A., Li, M., Bosch, J., Torunsky, N., Bai, H., Manavalan, M., Song, X., Walczak, R. B., Zdybek, P., Friedemann, M., Rosa, A. D., Kozma, L., Alves, S. G., Lins, S., Pinto, I. R., Correia, R. C., Babincak, P., Banik, G., Rojas-Berscia, L. M., Varella, M. A. C., Uttley, J., Beshears, J. E., Thommesen, K. K., Behzadnia, B., Geniole, S. N., Silan, M. A., Maturan, P. L. G., Vilsmeier, J. K., Tran, U. S., Izquierdo, S. M., Mensink, M. C., Sorokowski, P., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Radtke, T., Adoric, V. C., Carpentier, J., Ozdogru, A. A., Joy-Gaba, J. A., Hedgebeth, M. V., Ishii, T., Wichman, A. L., Roer, J. P., Ostermann, T., Davis, W. E., Suter, L., Papachristopoulos, K., Zabel, C., Onie, S., Ebersole, C. R., Chartier, C. R., Mallik, P. R., Urry, H. L., Buchanan, E. M., Coles, N. A., Primbs, M. A., Basnight-Brown, D. M., Ijzerman, H., Forscher, P. S., and Moshontz, H.

Published
2022

7. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Wang, K. Goldenberg, A. Dorison, C.A. Miller, J.K. Uusberg, A. Lerner, J.S. Gross, J.J. Agesin, B.B. Bernardo, M. Campos, O. Eudave, L. Grzech, K. Ozery, D.H. Jackson, E.A. Garcia, E.O.L. Drexler, S.M. Jurković, A.P. Rana, K. Wilson, J.P. Antoniadi, M. Desai, K. Gialitaki, Z. Kushnir, E. Nadif, K. Bravo, O.N. Nauman, R. Oosterlinck, M. Pantazi, M. Pilecka, N. Szabelska, A. van Steenkiste, I.M.M. Filip, K. Bozdoc, A.I. Marcu, G.M. Agadullina, E. Adamkovič, M. Roczniewska, M. Reyna, C. Kassianos, A.P. Westerlund, M. Ahlgren, L. Pöntinen, S. Adetula, G.A. Dursun, P. Arinze, A.I. Arinze, N.C. Ogbonnaya, C.E. Ndukaihe, I.L.G. Dalgar, I. Akkas, H. Macapagal, P.M. Lewis, S. Metin-Orta, I. Foroni, F. Willis, M. Santos, A.C. Mokady, A. Reggev, N. Kurfali, M.A. Vasilev, M.R. Nock, N.L. Parzuchowski, M. Espinoza Barría, M.F. Vranka, M. Kohlová, M.B. Ropovik, I. Harutyunyan, M. Wang, C. Yao, E. Becker, M. Manunta, E. Kaminski, G. Marko, D. Evans, K. Lewis, D.M.G. Findor, A. Landry, A.T. Aruta, J.J.B. Ortiz, M.S. Vally, Z. Pronizius, E. Voracek, M. Lamm, C. Grinberg, M. Li, R. Valentova, J.V. Mioni, G. Cellini, N. Chen, S.-C. Zickfeld, J. Moon, K. Azab, H. Levy, N. Karababa, A. Beaudry, J.L. Boucher, L. Collins, W.M. Todsen, A.L. van Schie, K. Vintr, J. Bavolar, J. Kaliska, L. Križanić, V. Samojlenko, L. Pourafshari, R. Geiger, S.J. Beitner, J. Warmelink, L. Ross, R.M. Stephen, I.D. Hostler, T.J. Azouaghe, S. McCarthy, R. Szala, A. Grano, C. Solorzano, C.S. Anjum, G. Jimenez-Leal, W. Bradford, M. Pérez, L.C. Cruz Vásquez, J.E. Galindo-Caballero, O.J. Vargas-Nieto, J.C. Kácha, O. Arvanitis, A. Xiao, Q. Cárcamo, R. Zorjan, S. Tajchman, Z. Vilares, I. Pavlacic, J.M. Kunst, J.R. Tamnes, C.K. von Bastian, C.C. Atari, M. Sharifian, M.H. Hricova, M. Kačmár, P. Schrötter, J. Rahal, R.-M. Cohen, N. FatahModarres, S. Zrimsek, M. Zakharov, I. Koehn, M.A. Esteban-Serna, C. Calin-Jageman, R.J. Krafnick, A.J. Štrukelj, E. Isager, P.M. Urban, J. Silva, J.R. Martončik, M. Očovaj, S.B. Šakan, D. Kuzminska, A.O. Djordjevic, J.M. Almeida, I.A.T. Ferreira, A. Lazarevic, L.B. Manley, H. Ricaurte, D.Z. Monteiro, R.P. Etabari, Z. Musser, E. Dunleavy, D. Chou, W. Godbersen, H. Ruiz-Fernández, S. Reeck, C. Batres, C. Kirgizova, K. Muminov, A. Azevedo, F. Alvarez, D.S. Butt, M.M. Lee, J.M. Chen, Z. Verbruggen, F. Ziano, I. Tümer, M. Charyate, A.C.A. Dubrov, D. Tejada Rivera, M.C.M.C. Aberson, C. Pálfi, B. Maldonado, M.A. Hubena, B. Sacakli, A. Ceary, C.D. Richard, K.L. Singer, G. Perillo, J.T. Ballantyne, T. Cyrus-Lai, W. Fedotov, M. Du, H. Wielgus, M. Pit, I.L. Hruška, M. Sousa, D. Aczel, B. Szaszi, B. Adamus, S. Barzykowski, K. Micheli, L. Schmidt, N.-D. Zsido, A.N. Paruzel-Czachura, M. Bialek, M. Kowal, M. Sorokowska, A. Misiak, M. Mola, D. Ortiz, M.V. Correa, P.S. Belaus, A. Muchembled, F. Ribeiro, R.R. Arriaga, P. Oliveira, R. Vaughn, L.A. Szwed, P. Kossowska, M. Czarnek, G. Kielińska, J. Antazo, B. Betlehem, R. Stieger, S. Nilsonne, G. Simonovic, N. Taber, J. Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A. Domurat, A. Ihaya, K. Yamada, Y. Urooj, A. Gill, T. Čadek, M. Bylinina, L. Messerschmidt, J. Kurfalı, M. Adetula, A. Baklanova, E. Albayrak-Aydemir, N. Kappes, H.B. Gjoneska, B. House, T. Jones, M.V. Berkessel, J.B. Chopik, W.J. Çoksan, S. Seehuus, M. Khaoudi, A. Bokkour, A. El Arabi, K.A. Djamai, I. Iyer, A. Parashar, N. Adiguzel, A. Kocalar, H.E. Bundt, C. Norton, J.O. Papadatou-Pastou, M. De la Rosa-Gomez, A. Ankushev, V. Bogatyreva, N. Grigoryev, D. Ivanov, A. Prusova, I. Romanova, M. Sarieva, I. Terskova, M. Hristova, E. Kadreva, V.H. Janak, A. Schei, V. Sverdrup, T.E. Askelund, A.D. Pineda, L.M.S. Krupić, D. Levitan, C.A. Johannes, N. Ouherrou, N. Say, N. Sinkolova, S. Janjić, K. Stojanovska, M. Stojanovska, D. Khosla, M. Thomas, A.G. Kung, F.Y.H. Bijlstra, G. Mosannenzadeh, F. Balci, B.B. Reips, U.-D. Baskin, E. Ishkhanyan, B. Czamanski-Cohen, J. Dixson, B.J.W. Moreau, D. Sutherland, C.A.M. Chuan-Peng, H. Noone, C. Flowe, H. Anne, M. Janssen, S.M.J. Topor, M. Majeed, N.M. Kunisato, Y. Yu, K. Daches, S. Hartanto, A. Vdovic, M. Anton-Boicuk, L. Forbes, P.A.G. Kamburidis, J. Marinova, E. Nedelcheva-Datsova, M. Rachev, N.R. Stoyanova, A. Schmidt, K. Suchow, J.W. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M. Jernsäther, T. Olofsson, J.K. Bialobrzeska, O. Marszalek, M. Tatachari, S. Afhami, R. Law, W. Antfolk, J. Žuro, B. Van Doren, N. Soto, J.A. Searston, R. Miranda, J. Damnjanović, K. Yeung, S.K. Krupić, D. Hoyer, K. Jaeger, B. Ren, D. Pfuhl, G. Klevjer, K. Corral-Frías, N.S. Frias-Armenta, M. Lucas, M.Y. Torres, A.O. Toro, M. Delgado, L.G.J. Vega, D. Solas, S.Á. Vilar, R. Massoni, S. Frizzo, T. Bran, A. Vaidis, D.C. Vieira, L. Paris, B. Capizzi, M. Coelho, G.L.H. Greenburgh, A. Whitt, C.M. Tullett, A.M. Du, X. Volz, L. Bosma, M.J. Karaarslan, C. Sarıoğuz, E. Allred, T.B. Korbmacher, M. Colloff, M.F. Lima, T.J.S. Ribeiro, M.F.F. Verharen, J.P.H. Karekla, M. Karashiali, C. Sunami, N. Jaremka, L.M. Storage, D. Habib, S. Studzinska, A. Hanel, P.H.P. Holford, D.L. Sirota, M. Wolfe, K. Chiu, F. Theodoropoulou, A. Ahn, E.R. Lin, Y. Westgate, E.C. Brohmer, H. Hofer, G. Dujols, O. Vezirian, K. Feldman, G. Travaglino, G.A. Ahmed, A. Li, M. Bosch, J. Torunsky, N. Bai, H. Manavalan, M. Song, X. Walczak, R.B. Zdybek, P. Friedemann, M. Rosa, A.D. Kozma, L. Alves, S.G. Lins, S. Pinto, I.R. Correia, R.C. Babinčák, P. Banik, G. Rojas-Berscia, L.M. Varella, M.A.C. Uttley, J. Beshears, J.E. Thommesen, K.K. Behzadnia, B. Geniole, S.N. Silan, M.A. Maturan, P.L.G. Vilsmeier, J.K. Tran, U.S. Izquierdo, S.M. Mensink, M.C. Sorokowski, P. Groyecka-Bernard, A. Radtke, T. Adoric, V.C. Carpentier, J. Özdoğru, A.A. Joy-Gaba, J.A. Hedgebeth, M.V. Ishii, T. Wichman, A.L. Röer, J.P. Ostermann, T. Davis, W.E. Suter, L. Papachristopoulos, K. Zabel, C. Ebersole, C.R. Chartier, C.R. Mallik, P.R. Urry, H.L. Buchanan, E.M. Coles, N.A. Primbs, M.A. Basnight-Brown, D.M. IJzerman, H. Forscher, P.S. Moshontz, H.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1 © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Published
2021

11. P136 ECFS syllabuses for the multidisciplinary team and wider field: a guide for comprehensive education

Author

Smith, C., Chadwick, H.K, Farinha, C., Southern, KW, Havermans, T., Landau, E., Patel, S., Borawska-Kowalczyk, U., MacDuff, N., Shaw, N., Bentley, S., Declercq, D., Wagner, M., Stanford, G., Urquhart, D.S., Radtke, T., Williams, CA, De Wachter, E., Hill, K., Dunlevy, F., Schwarz, C., Mantin, H., Tijtgat, A., Mei-Zahav, M., and Peckham, D.

Published
2023
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13. WS01.01 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides prognostic information in advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease

Author

Radtke, T., Urquhart, D.S., Braun, J., Barry, P., Waller, I., Petch, N., Mei-Zahav, M., Kramer, M.R., Hua-Huy, T., Dinh-Xuan, A.T., Innes, J.A., McArthur, S., Sovtic, A., Gojsina, B., Verges, S., de Maat, T., Morrison, L., Wood, J., Crute, S., Williams, C.A., Tomlinson, O.W., Bar-Yoseph, R., Hebestreit, A., Quon, B.S., Kwong, E., Saynor, Z.L., Causer, A.J., Stephenson, A.L., Schneiderman, J.E., Shaw, M., Dwyer, T., Stevens, D., Remus, N., Douvry, B., Foster, K., Ratjen, F., Benden, C., and Hebestreit, H.

Published
2023
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15. ERS statement on standardisation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic lung diseases

Author

Radtke, T. Crook, S. Kaltsakas, G. Louvaris, Z. Berton, D. Urquhart, D.S. Kampouras, A. Rabinovich, R.A. Verges, S. Kontopidis, D. Boyd, J. Tonia, T. Langer, D. De Brandt, J. Goërtz, Y.M.J. Burtin, C. Spruit, M.A. Braeken, D.C.W. Dacha, S. Franssen, F.M.E. Laveneziana, P. Eber, E. Troosters, T. Neder, J.A. Puhan, M.A. Casaburi, R. Vogiatzis, I. Hebestreit, H.

Abstract

The objective of this document was to standardise published cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) protocols for improved interpretation in clinical settings and multicentre research projects. This document: 1) summarises the protocols and procedures used in published studies focusing on incremental CPET in chronic lung conditions; 2) presents standard incremental protocols for CPET on a stationary cycle ergometer and a treadmill; and 3) provides patients’ perspectives on CPET obtained through an online survey supported by the European Lung Foundation. We systematically reviewed published studies obtained from EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 2017. Of 7914 identified studies, 595 studies with 26 523 subjects were included. The literature supports a test protocol with a resting phase lasting at least 3 min, a 3-min unloaded phase, and an 8-to 12-min incremental phase with work rate increased linearly at least every minute, followed by a recovery phase of at least 2–3 min. Patients responding to the survey (n=295) perceived CPET as highly beneficial for their diagnostic assessment and informed the Task Force consensus. Future research should focus on the individualised estimation of optimal work rate increments across different lung diseases, and the collection of robust normative data. © ERS 2019.

Published
2019

28. Polarization correlation in the two-photon decay of atomic hydrogen: nonlocality versus entanglement.

Author

Radtke, T., Surzhykov, A., and Fritzsche, S.

Subjects
*POLARIZED photons, *ATOMIC hydrogen, *PHOTON correlation, *POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics), *BELL'S theorem, *QUANTUM theory, *ATOMS
Abstract

From the work by Perrie et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1790 (1985)], photon pairs from the 2 s 1/2 → 1 s 1/2 (two-photon) decay of atomic hydrogen are known to be quantum mechanically correlated. In these experiments, the polarization states of the photons emitted in back-to-back geometry were shown to violate the Bell inequality as a qualitative sign of nonlocality and entanglement. In the present contribution, we analyze how these nonlocal quantum correlations, as given by the violation of the Bell inequality, differ from the concurrence as a true entanglement measure. Results are shown for both quantifiers in dependence of the decay geometry and the initial polarization of the atoms for the 2 s 1/2 → 1 s 1/2 and 3 d 5/2 → 1 s 1/2 two-photon decay of atomic hydrogen. These results display the difference between nonlocality and entanglement and, hence, may stimulate further experiments on nonlocal quantum correlations in atomic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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31. Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. V. Quantum measurements

Author

Radtke, T. and Fritzsche, S.

Subjects
*SIMULATION methods & models, *QUANTUM theory, *FEYNMAN diagrams, *REGISTERS (Computers), *MATHEMATICAL transformations, *ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics), *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
Abstract

Abstract: The Feynman program has been developed during the last years to support case studies on the dynamics and entanglement of n-qubit quantum registers. Apart from basic transformations and (gate) operations, it currently supports a good number of separability criteria and entanglement measures, quantum channels as well as the parametrizations of various frequently applied objects in quantum information theory, such as (pure and mixed) quantum states, hermitian and unitary matrices or classical probability distributions. With the present update of the Feynman program, we provide a simple access to (the simulation of) quantum measurements. This includes not only the widely-applied projective measurements upon the eigenspaces of some given operator but also single-qubit measurements in various pre- and user-defined bases as well as the support for two-qubit Bell measurements. In addition, we help perform generalized and POVM measurements. Knowing the importance of measurements for many quantum information protocols, e.g., one-way computing, we hope that this update makes the Feynman code an attractive and versatile tool for both, research and education. New version program summary: Program title: FEYNMAN Catalogue identifier: ADWE_v5_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE_v5_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen''s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 27 210 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 960 471 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Maple 12 Computer: Any computer with Maple software installed Operating system: Any system that supports Maple; the program has been tested under Microsoft Windows XP and Linux Classification: 4.15 Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADWE_v4_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 179 (2008) 647 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: During the last decade, the field of quantum information science has largely contributed to our understanding of quantum mechanics, and has provided also new and efficient protocols that are used on quantum entanglement. To further analyze the amount and transfer of entanglement in n-qubit quantum protocols, symbolic and numerical simulations need to be handled efficiently. Solution method: Using the computer algebra system Maple, we developed a set of procedures in order to support the definition, manipulation and analysis of n-qubit quantum registers. These procedures also help to deal with (unitary) logic gates and (nonunitary) quantum operations and measurements that act upon the quantum registers. All commands are organized in a hierarchical order and can be used interactively in order to simulate and analyze the evolution of n-qubit quantum systems, both in ideal and noisy quantum circuits. Reasons for new version: Until the present, the FEYNMAN program supported the basic data structures and operations of n-qubit quantum registers [1], a good number of separability and entanglement measures [2], quantum operations (noisy channels) [3] as well as the parametrizations of various frequently applied objects, such as (pure and mixed) quantum states, hermitian and unitary matrices or classical probability distributions [4]. With the current extension, we here add all necessary features to simulate quantum measurements, including the projective measurements in various single-qubit and the two-qubit Bell basis, and POVM measurements. Together with the previously implemented functionality, this greatly enhances the possibilities of analyzing quantum information protocols in which measurements play a central role, e.g., one-way computation. Running time: Most commands require ⩽10 seconds of processor time on a Pentium 4 processor with RAM or newer, if they work with quantum registers with five or less qubits. Moreover, about 5–20 MB of working memory is typically needed (in addition to the memory for the Maple environment itself). However, especially when working with symbolic expressions, the requirements on the CPU time and memory critically depend on the size of the quantum registers owing to the exponential growth of the dimension of the associated Hilbert space. For example, complex (symbolic) noise models, i.e. with several Kraus operators, may result in very large expressions that dramatically slow down the evaluation of e.g. distance measures or the final-state entropy, etc. In these cases, Maple''s assume facility sometimes helps to reduce the complexity of the symbolic expressions, but more often than not only a numerical evaluation is feasible. Since the various commands can be applied to quite different scenarios, no general scaling rule can be given for the CPU time or the request of memory. References: [1] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 173 (2005) 91. [2] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 175 (2006) 145. [3] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 176 (2007) 617. [4] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 179 (2008) 647. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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32. Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. IV. Parametrizations of quantum states, matrices and probability distributions

Author

Radtke, T. and Fritzsche, S.

Subjects
*SIMULATION methods & models, *PROBABILITY theory, *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), *COMPUTER software, *QUANTUM theory, *DATA structures, *INFORMATION science
Abstract

Entanglement is known today as a key resource in many protocols from quantum computation and quantum information theory. However, despite the successful demonstration of several protocols, such as teleportation or quantum key distribution, there are still many open questions of how entanglement affects the efficiency of quantum algorithms or how it can be protected against noisy environments. The investigation of these and related questions often requires a search or optimization over the set of quantum states and, hence, a parametrization of them and various other objects. To facilitate this kind of studies in quantum information theory, here we present an extension of the Feynman program that was developed during recent years as a toolbox for the simulation and analysis of quantum registers. In particular, we implement parameterizations of hermitian and unitary matrices (of arbitrary order), pure and mixed quantum states as well as separable states. In addition to being a prerequisite for the study of many optimization problems, these parameterizations also provide the necessary basis for heuristic studies which make use of random states, unitary matrices and other objects. Program summary: Program title: FEYNMAN Catalogue identifier: ADWE_v4_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE_v4_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen''s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 24 231 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 416 085 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Maple 11 Computer: Any computer with Maple software installed Operating system: Any system that supports Maple; program has been tested under Microsoft Windows XP, Linux Classification: 4.15 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: During the last decades, quantum information science has contributed to our understanding of quantum mechanics and has provided also new and efficient protocols, based on the use of entangled quantum states. To determine the behavior and entanglement of n-qubit quantum registers, symbolic and numerical simulations need to be applied in order to analyze how these quantum information protocols work and which role the entanglement plays hereby. Solution method: Using the computer algebra system Maple, we have developed a set of procedures that support the definition, manipulation and analysis of n-qubit quantum registers. These procedures also help to deal with (unitary) logic gates and (nonunitary) quantum operations that act upon the quantum registers. With the parameterization of various frequently-applied objects, that are implemented in the present version, the program now facilitates a wider range of symbolic and numerical studies. All commands can be used interactively in order to simulate and analyze the evolution of n-qubit quantum systems, both in ideal and noisy quantum circuits. Reasons for new version: In the first version of the FEYNMAN program [1], we implemented the data structures and tools that are necessary to create, manipulate and to analyze the state of quantum registers. Later [2,3], support was added to deal with quantum operations (noisy channels) as an ingredient which is essential for studying the effects of decoherence. With the present extension, we add a number of parametrizations of objects frequently utilized in decoherence and entanglement studies, such that as hermitian and unitary matrices, probability distributions, or various kinds of quantum states. This extension therefore provides the basis, for example, for the optimization of a given function over the set of pure states or the simple generation of random objects. Running time: Most commands that act upon quantum registers with five or less qubits take ⩽10 secon [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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33. Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. III. Quantum operations

Author

Radtke, T. and Fritzsche, S.

Subjects
*QUANTUM computers, *COMPUTERS, *INFORMATION processing, *ELECTRONIC data processing, *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, *HYPERSPACE, *INFORMATION theory, *FEYNMAN integrals, *QUANTUM teleportation
Abstract

During the last decade, several quantum information protocols, such as quantum key distribution, teleportation or quantum computation, have attracted a lot of interest. Despite the recent success and research efforts in quantum information processing, however, we are just at the beginning of understanding the role of entanglement and the behavior of quantum systems in noisy environments, i.e. for nonideal implementations. Therefore, in order to facilitate the investigation of entanglement and decoherence in n-qubit quantum registers, here we present a revised version of the Feynman program for working with quantum operations and their associated (Jamiołkowski) dual states. Based on the implementation of several popular decoherence models, we provide tools especially for the quantitative analysis of quantum operations. Apart from the implementation of different noise models, the current program extension may help investigate the fragility of many quantum states, one of the main obstacles in realizing quantum information protocols today. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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34. Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. II. Separability and entanglement

Author

Radtke, T. and Fritzsche, S.

Subjects
*QUANTUM theory, *INFORMATION theory, *SIMULATION methods & models, *COMPUTER programming
Abstract

Abstract: Studies on the entanglement of n-qubit quantum systems have attracted a lot of interest during recent years. Despite the central role of entanglement in quantum information theory, however, there are still a number of open problems in the theoretical characterization of entangled systems that make symbolic and numerical simulation on n-qubit quantum registers indispensable for present-day research. To facilitate the investigation of the separability and entanglement properties of n-qubit quantum registers, here we present a revised version of the Feynman program in the framework of the computer algebra system Maple. In addition to all previous capabilities of this Maple code for defining and manipulating quantum registers, the program now provides various tools which are necessary for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of entanglement in n-qubit quantum registers. A simple access, in particular, is given to several algebraic separability criteria as well as a number of entanglement measures and related quantities. As in the previous version, symbolic and numeric computations are equally supported. Program summary: Title of program: Feynman Catalogue identifier:ADWE_v2_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE_v2_0 Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen''s University of Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions:None Computers for which the program is designed: All computers with a license of the computer algebra system Maple [Maple is a registered trademark of Waterloo Maple Inc.] Operating systems under which the program has been tested: Linux, MS Windows XP Programming language used: Maple 10 Typical time and memory requirements:Most commands acting on quantum registers with five or less qubits take ⩽10 seconds of processor time (on a Pentium 4 with or equivalent) and 5–20 MB of memory. However, storage and time requirements critically depend on the number of qubits, n, in the quantum registers due to the exponential increase of the associated Hilbert space. No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.:3107 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.:13 859 Distribution format:tar.gz Reasons for new version:The first program version established the data structures and commands which are needed to build and manipulate quantum registers. Since the (evolution of) entanglement is a central aspect in quantum information processing the current version adds the capability to analyze separability and entanglement of quantum registers by implementing algebraic separability criteria and entanglement measures and related quantities. Does this version supersede the previous version: Yes Nature of the physical problem: Entanglement has been identified as an essential resource in virtually all aspects of quantum information theory. Therefore, the detection and quantification of entanglement is a necessary prerequisite for many applications, such as quantum computation, communications or quantum cryptography. Up to the present, however, the multipartite entanglement of n-qubit systems has remained largely unexplored owing to the exponential growth of complexity with the number of qubits involved. Method of solution: Using the computer algebra system Maple, a set of procedures has been developed which supports the definition and manipulation of n-qubit quantum registers and quantum logic gates [T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Comm. 173 (2005) 91]. The provided hierarchy of commands can be used interactively in order to simulate the behavior of n-qubit quantum systems (by applying a number of unitary or non-unitary operations) and to analyze their separability and entanglement properties. Restrictions onto the complexity of the problem: The present version of the program facilitates the setup and the manipulation of quantum registers by means of (predefined) quantum logic gates; it now also provides the tools for performing a symbolic and/or numeric analysis of the entanglement for the quantum states of such registers. Owing to the rapid increase in the computational complexity of multi-qubit systems, however, the time and memory requirements often grow rapidly, especially for symbolic computations. This increase of complexity limits the application of the program to about 6 or 7 qubits on a standard single processor (Pentium 4 with or equivalent) machine with of memory. Unusual features of the program: The Feynman program has been designed within the framework of Maple for interactive (symbolic or numerical) simulations on n-qubit quantum registers with no other restriction than given by the memory and processor resources of the computer. Whenever possible, both representations of quantum registers in terms of their state vectors and/or density matrices are equally supported by the program. Apart from simulating quantum gates and quantum operations, the program now facilitates also investigations on the separability and the entanglement properties of quantum registers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2006
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35. Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. I. Quantum registers and quantum gates

Author

Radtke, T. and Fritzsche, S.

Subjects
*COMPUTER operating systems, *QUANTUM theory, *COMPUTER programming, *ALGEBRA
Abstract

Abstract: During recent years, quantum computations and the study of n-qubit quantum systems have attracted a lot of interest, both in theory and experiment. Apart from the promise of performing quantum computations, however, these investigations also revealed a great deal of difficulties which still need to be solved in practice. In quantum computing, unitary and non-unitary quantum operations act on a given set of qubits to form (entangled) states, in which the information is encoded by the overall system often referred to as quantum registers. To facilitate the simulation of such n-qubit quantum systems, we present the Feynman program to provide all necessary tools in order to define and to deal with quantum registers and quantum operations. Although the present version of the program is restricted to unitary transformations, it equally supports—whenever possible—the representation of the quantum registers both, in terms of their state vectors and density matrices. In addition to the composition of two or more quantum registers, moreover, the program also supports their decomposition into various parts by applying the partial trace operation and the concept of the reduced density matrix. Using an interactive design within the framework of Maple, therefore, we expect the Feynman program to be helpful not only for teaching the basic elements of quantum computing but also for studying their physical realization in the future. Program summary: Title of program: Feynman Catalogue number:ADWE Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE Program obtainable from:CPC Program Library, Queen''s University of Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions:None Computers for which the program is designed:All computers with a license of the computer algebra system Maple [Maple is a registered trademark of Waterlo Maple Inc.] Operating systems or monitors under which the program has been tested:Linux, MS Windows XP Programming language used: Maple 9.5 (but should be compatible with 9.0 and 8.0, too) Memory and time required to execute with typical data:Storage and time requirements critically depend on the number of qubits, n, in the quantum registers due to the exponential increase of the associated Hilbert space. In particular, complex algebraic operations may require large amounts of memory even for small qubit numbers. However, most of the standard commands (see Section 4 for simple examples) react promptly for up to five qubits on a normal single-processor machine ( with 512 MB memory) and use less than 10 MB memory. No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 8864 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 493 182 Distribution format: tar.gz Nature of the physical problem:During the last decade, quantum computing has been found to provide a revolutionary new form of computation. The algorithms by Shor [P.W. Shor, SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 26 (1997) 1484] and Grover [L.K. Grover, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 325. ], for example, gave a first impression how one could solve problems in the future, that are intractable otherwise with all classical computers. Broadly speaking, quantum computing applies quantum logic gates (unitary transformations) on a given set of qubits, often referred to a quantum registers. Although, the theoretical foundation of quantum computing is now well understood, there are still many practical difficulties to be overcome for which (classical) simulations on n-qubit systems may help understand how quantum algorithms work in detail and what kind of physical systems and environments are most suitable for their realization. Method of solution:Using the computer algebra system Maple, a set of procedures has been developed to define and to deal with n-qubit quantum registers and quantum logic gates. It provides a hierarchy of commands which can be applied interactively and which is flexible enough to incorporate non-unitary quantum operations and quantum error corrections models in the future. Restrictions on the complexity of the problem:The present version of the program facilitates the set-up and manipulation of quantum registers by a large number of (predefined) quantum logic gates. In contrast to such idealized unitary transformations, however, less attention has been paid so far to non-unitary quantum operations or to the modeling of decoherence phenomena, although various suitable data structures are already designed and implemented in the code. A further restriction concerns the number of qubits, n, due to the exponentially growing time and memory requirements. Up to now, most of the complex commands are restricted to quantum registers with about 6 to 8 qubits, if use has to be made of a standard single-processor machine. Unusual features of the program:The Feynman program has been designed for interactive simulations on n-qubit quantum registers with no other restriction than given by the size and time resources of the computer. Apart from the standard quantum gates, as discussed in the literature [M.A. Nielsen, I.L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000], it provides all the necessary tools to generalize these gates for n-qubits (in any given order of the individual qubits). Both common representations of the quantum registers in terms of their state vectors and/or density matrices are equally supported by the program whenever possible. In addition, the program also facilitates the composition of two or more quantum registers into a combined one as well as their decomposition into subsystems by using the partial trace and the use of the reduced density matrix for the individual parts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2005
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36. Houseboat-Associated Carbon Monoxide Poisonings on Lake Powell--Arizona and Utah, 2000.

Author

Baron, R.L. and Radtke, T.

Subjects
*CARBON monoxide, *SWIMMERS, *ACCIDENT investigation, *DEATH, *TOXICOLOGY
Abstract

Recalls how two brothers died of carbon monoxide poisoning as they swam near the stern of a houseboat while the onboard gasoline-powered generator was operating. Investigation of this and similar incidents; Editorial note from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Published
2001
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40. Perception of smokers: results from the tobacco monitoring Switzerland

Author

Roger Keller, Andrea Bütikofer, Rainer Hornung, Theda Radtke, University of Zurich, and Radtke, T

Subjects
business.industry, 10093 Institute of Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine (miscellaneous), 2701 Medicine (miscellaneous), 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, respiratory tract diseases, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Perception, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Medicine, Public Health, business, 150 Psychology, Social psychology, Demography, media_common
Abstract

Aim: The purpose of the study is to present adolescents’ perceptions of smokers and non-smokers among 1015 Swiss adolescents. Method: The analyses are based on data from Tobacco Monitoring Switzerland, which is a survey of tobacco consumption in Switzerland. To measure the perceptions of smokers and non-smokers, respondents were asked to attribute a series of adjectives to each group. It was also recorded when respondents mentioned that “there is no difference between smokers and non-smokers.” Results: Results show that regardless of whether the adolescents smoked or did not smoke – with the exception of more sociable – the image of smokers was more negative than the image of non-smokers. Findings also indicated that regular smokers in particular often stated that there are no differences between both groups. Conclusions: Overall, the image of smokers is more negative than the image of non-smokers, with the exception of the attribute more sociable. This perception of smokers could be important for prevention measures in new contexts (e. g., school transitions), where smoking could be a means of establishing new social ties.

Published
2011

41. Individual, dyadic, collaborative planning, physical activity, and nutrition: A randomized controlled trial in parent-child dyads.

Author

Kulis E, Szczuka Z, Banik A, Siwa M, Boberska M, Wietrzykowska D, Zaleskiewicz H, Rhodes RE, Radtke T, Schenkel K, Knoll N, Scholz U, and Luszczynska A

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of individual, dyadic, and collaborative planning on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and energy-dense food intake (secondary outcome) in dyads of parents and their 9-15-year-old children. Individual planning reflects an "I-for-me" planning of one person's behavior. Collaborative ("we-for-us") planning refers to joint planning of both dyad members' behavior, whereas dyadic ("we-for-me") planning involves joint planning of only the target person's behavior., Method: N = 247 dyads participated in a randomized controlled trial with individual, dyadic, or collaborative physical activity (PA) planning and control conditions (education about PA, sedentary behavior, nutrition, energy intake-expenditure balance). MVPA was measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Energy-dense food intake was self-reported at baseline, 9-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Linear mixed models were fit for parents and children separately., Results: At the 36-week follow-up, children in the dyadic "we-for-me" planning condition decreased their MVPA compared to the control condition. At the same time, children in the dyadic planning condition also decreased energy-dense food intake at the 36-week follow-up. No effects were found among children in individual and collaborative PA planning conditions. Parents in any experimental conditions decreased energy-dense food intake., Conclusions: Children's decrease in MVPA in dyadic PA planning condition was offset by a reduction of energy intake, which may represent a compensatory mechanism. The limited effectiveness of the dyadic "we-for-me" interventions in parent-child dyads may result from young people's needs for individuation and their reactance to parental support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2024
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42. Exploring immediate cardiorespiratory responses: low-intensity blood flow restricted cycling vs. moderate-intensity traditional exercise in a randomized crossover trial.

Author

Kuhn M, Clarenbach CF, Kläy A, Kohler M, Mayer LC, Lüchinger M, Andrist B, Radtke T, Haile SR, Sievi NA, and Kohlbrenner D

Abstract

Purpose: Blood-flow restriction (BFR) endurance training may increase endurance performance and muscle strength similar to traditional endurance training while requiring a lower training intensity. We aimed to compare acute cardiorespiratory responses to low-intensity interval exercise under BFR with moderate-intensity traditional interval exercise (TRA)., Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover study. The protocol involved three cycling intervals interspersed with 1 min resting periods. With a 48-h washout period, individuals performed the protocol twice in random order: once as BFR-50 (i.e., 50% incremental peak power output [IPPO] and 50% limb occlusion pressure [LOP]) and once as TRA-65 (65% IPPO without occlusion). TRA-65 intervals lasted 2 min, and time-matched BFR-50 lasted 2 min and 18 s. Respiratory parameters were collected by breath-by-breath analysis. The ratings of perceived breathing and leg exertion (RPE, 0 to 10) were assessed. Linear mixed models were used for analysis., Results: Out of the 28 participants initially enrolled in the study, 24 healthy individuals (18 males and 6 females) completed both measurements. Compared with TRA-65, BFR-50 elicited lower minute ventilation (VE, primary outcome) (-3.1 l/min [-4.4 to -1.7]), oxygen consumption (-0.22 l/min [-0.28 to -0.16]), carbon dioxide production (-0.25 l/min [-0.29 to -0.20]) and RPE breathing (-0.9 [-1.2 to -0.6]). RPE leg was significantly greater in the BFR-50 group (1.3 [1.0 to 1.7])., Conclusion: BFR endurance exercise at 50% IPPO and 50% LOP resulted in lower cardiorespiratory work and perceived breathing effort compared to TRA at 65% IPPO. BFR-50 could be an attractive alternative for TRA-65, eliciting less respiratory work and perceived breathing effort while augmenting perceived leg muscle effort., Trial Registration: NCT05163600; December 20, 2021., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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43. Updating and Adapting Swiss Physical Activity Guidelines: A Journey Towards Alignment With the WHO Guidelines.

Author

Endes S, Kahlmeier S, Frei A, Radtke T, Kriemler S, and Nigg CR

Subjects
Humans, Switzerland, Guidelines as Topic, Exercise, World Health Organization
Abstract

Competing Interests: Author SE was employed by Ecoplan AG—Research and Consultancy in Economics and Politics. The remaining authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

Published
2024
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44. Effects of physical activity planning interventions on reducing sedentary behavior in parent-child dyads: A randomized controlled trial.

Author

Szczuka Z, Kulis E, Banik A, Boberska M, Siwa M, Zaleskiewicz H, Krzywicka P, Paduszynska N, Knoll N, Radtke T, Schenkel K, Dunton GF, and Luszczynska A

Abstract

Effects of parent-child dyad interventions on behavior remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial investigated if, compared with a control condition, three types of physical activity (PA) planning interventions (individual "I-for-me," dyadic "we-for-me," and collaborative "we-for-us") would reduce sedentary behavior (SB) time in parents and their children. The study involved 247 dyads comprising parents (aged 29-66) and their children (aged 9-15), randomized into one of the three types of PA planning-intervention arms or the control condition. Mixed models were applied to analyze data from a preregistered trial (NCT02713438) with the outcome of accelerometer-measured SB time, assessed at 1-week and 36-week follow-ups. Although children's SB remained unaffected by the planning interventions, a small reduction of SB time was found among parents in the collaborative (p = .048) and individual (p = .042) planning conditions. The effects were observed at the 1-week follow-up only. While short-term reductions in parents' SB were achieved, these were not sustained long-term. PA planning interventions delivered to parent-child dyads did not substantially reduce children's SB, which may be due to young people's needs of increased independence from their parents., (© 2024 International Association of Applied Psychology.)

Published
2024
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45. Effects of Pycnogenol® in people with post-COVID-19 condition (PYCNOVID): study protocol for a single-center, placebo controlled, quadruple-blind, randomized trial.

Author

Radtke T, Künzi L, Kopp J, Rasi M, Braun J, Zens KD, Winter B, Anagnostopoulos A, Puhan MA, and Fehr JS

Subjects
Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Quality of Life, COVID-19, Treatment Outcome, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, Health Status, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Adult, Female, Male, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Antioxidants adverse effects, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents adverse effects, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Plant Extracts adverse effects, Flavonoids therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: A significant proportion of the global population has been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at some point since the onset of the pandemic. Although most individuals who develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recover without complications, about 6% have persistent symptoms, referred to as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Intervention studies investigating treatments that potentially alleviate PCC-related symptoms and thus aim to mitigate the global public health burden and healthcare costs linked to PCC are desperately needed. The PYCNOVID trial investigates the effects of Pycnogenol®, a French maritime pine bark extract with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, versus placebo on patient-reported health status in people with PCC., Methods: This is a single-center, placebo-controlled, quadruple blind, randomized trial. We aim to randomly assign 150 individuals with PCC (1:1 ratio) to receive either 200 mg Pycnogenol® or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Randomization is stratified for duration of PCC symptoms (≤ 6 months versus > 6 months) and presence of symptomatic chronic disease(s). The primary endpoint is perceived health status at 12 weeks (EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale) adjusted for baseline values and stratification factors. Secondary endpoints include change in self-reported PCC symptoms, health-related quality of life, symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive function, functional exercise capacity, physical activity measured with accelerometry, and blood biomarkers for endothelial health, inflammation, coagulation, platelet function, and oxidative stress. Investigators, study participants, outcome assessors, and data analysts are blinded regarding the intervention assignment. Individuals with PCC were involved in the design of this study., Discussion: This is the first trial to investigate the effects of Pycnogenol® versus placebo on patient-reported health status in people with PCC. Should the trial proof clinical effectiveness, Pycnogenol® may serve as a therapeutic approach to mitigate symptoms associated with PCC., Trial Registration: The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. :NCT05890534, June 6, 2023., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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46. Determinants of health-related quality of life in healthy children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Author

Haile SR, Peralta GP, Raineri A, Rueegg S, Ulytė A, Puhan MA, Radtke T, and Kriemler S

Subjects
Humans, Child, Adolescent, Male, Female, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Switzerland epidemiology, Pandemics, Exercise psychology, SARS-CoV-2, Quality of Life, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract

Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents, during a pandemic and afterwards, aids in understanding how circumstances in their lives impact their well-being. We aimed to identify determinants of HRQOL from a broad range of biological, psychological, and social factors in a large longitudinal population-based sample. Data was taken from a longitudinal sample (n = 1843) of children and adolescents enrolled in the prospective school-based cohort study Ciao Corona in Switzerland. The primary outcome was HRQOL, assessed using the KINDL total score and its subscales (each from 0, worst, to 100, best). Potential determinants, including biological (physical activity, screen time, sleep, etc.), psychological (sadness, anxiousness, stress), and social (nationality, parents' education, etc.) factors, were assessed in 2020 and 2021 and HRQOL in 2022. Determinants were identified in a data-driven manner using recursive partitioning to define homogeneous subgroups, stratified by school level. Median KINDL total score in the empirically identified subgroups ranged from 68 to 83 in primary school children and from 69 to 82 in adolescents in secondary school. The psychological factors sadness, anxiousness, and stress in 2021 were identified as the most important determinants of HRQOL in both primary and secondary school children. Other factors, such as physical activity, screen time, chronic health conditions, or nationality, were determinants only in individual subscales., Conclusion: Recent mental health, more than biological, physical, or social factors, played a key role in determining HRQOL in children and adolescents during pandemic times. Public health strategies to improve mental health may therefore be effective in improving HRQOL in this age group., What Is Known: • Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents aids in understanding how life circumstances impact their well-being. • HRQOL is a complex construct, involving biological, psychological, and social factors. Factors driving HRQOL in children and adolescents are not often studied in longitudinal population-based samples., What Is New: • Mental health (stress, anxiousness, sadness) played a key role in determining HRQOL during the coronavirus pandemic, more than biological or social factors. • Public health strategies to improve mental health may be effective in improving HRQOL in children., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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47. Evidence-based coaching of core competencies in epidemiology, using the framework of randomized controlled trials: the Zurich approach.

Author

Radtke T, von Wyl V, Haile SR, Rohrmann S, Frei A, and Puhan MA

Subjects
Humans, Curriculum, Switzerland, Professional Competence, Teaching, Epidemiology education, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Mentoring methods
Abstract

Teaching epidemiological concepts in academic settings poses a challenge due to the intricate nature of the discipline as both a science and a practice. Whereas traditional classroom-based teaching methods are commonly employed, evidence suggests they may not be the most effective approach for fostering core competencies and skills required in real-life scientific work. In this article, we describe our process of transitioning from traditional classroom teaching of epidemiology towards practice-based coaching to convey epidemiological concepts to bachelor's and master's students in Biomedicine. We chose the framework of randomized controlled trials (RCT) since they offer a great opportunity to teach epidemiological concepts in a hands-on course. This practice-based course encompasses the entire life cycle of a study, allowing students to design and conduct a short-term experiment, analyse its data and prepare a scientific paper. We provide a comprehensive overview of the course structure, content, learning objectives and course evaluation, while also discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this innovative format. Our approach offers a promising alternative to classroom teaching by incorporating practical, hands-on experiences offering students a high level of independence and self-determination, as well as facilitation and coaching by faculty. It has the potential to be applied across diverse academic settings, providing students with valuable skills and competencies in epidemiology., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.)

Published
2024
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48. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Provides Prognostic Information in Advanced Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease.

Author

Radtke T, Urquhart DS, Braun J, Barry PJ, Waller I, Petch N, Mei-Zahav M, Kramer MR, Hua-Huy T, Dinh-Xuan AT, Innes JA, McArthur S, Sovtic A, Gojsina B, Verges S, de Maat T, Morrison L, Wood J, Crute S, Williams CA, Tomlinson OW, Bar-Yoseph R, Hebestreit A, Quon BS, Kwong E, Saynor ZL, Causer AJ, Stephenson AL, Schneiderman JE, Shaw M, Dwyer T, Stevens D, Remus N, Douvry B, Foster K, Benden C, Ratjen F, and Hebestreit H

Subjects
Humans, Exercise Test, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Cystic Fibrosis, Lung Transplantation
Abstract

Rationale: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides prognostic information in cystic fibrosis (CF); however, its prognostic value for patients with advanced CF lung disease is unknown. Objectives: To determine the prognostic value of CPET on the risk of death or lung transplant (LTX) within 2 years. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 20 CF centers in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America on patients with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) ⩽ 40% predicted who performed a cycle ergometer CPET between January 2008 and December 2017. Time to death/LTX was analyzed using mixed Cox proportional hazards regression. Conditional inference trees were modeled to identify subgroups with increased risk of death/LTX. Results: In total, 174 patients (FEV 1 , 30.9% ± 5.8% predicted) were included. Forty-four patients (25.5%) died or underwent LTX. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and FEV 1 revealed percentage predicted peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]o 2peak ) and peak work rate (W peak ) as significant predictors of death/LTX: adjusted hazard ratios per each additional 10% predicted were 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.90; P  = 0.008) and 0.60 (0.48-0.82; P  < 0.001). Tree-structured regression models, including a set of 11 prognostic factors for survival, identified W peak to be most strongly associated with 2-year risk of death/LTX. Probability of death/LTX was 45.2% for those with a W peak  ⩽ 49.2% predicted versus 10.9% for those with a W peak  > 49.2% predicted ( P  < 0.001). Conclusions: CPET provides prognostic information in advanced CF lung disease, and W peak appears to be a promising marker for LTX referral and candidate selection.

Published
2024
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49. Cross-protective HCoV immunity reduces symptom development during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Author

Abela IA, Schwarzmüller M, Ulyte A, Radtke T, Haile SR, Ammann P, Raineri A, Rueegg S, Epp S, Berger C, Böni J, Manrique A, Audigé A, Huber M, Schreiber PW, Scheier T, Fehr J, Weber J, Rusert P, Günthard HF, Kouyos RD, Puhan MA, Kriemler S, Trkola A, and Pasin C

Subjects
Adult, Child, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Cross-Sectional Studies, Retrospective Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Antibodies, Viral, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, COVID-19
Abstract

Numerous clinical parameters link to severe coronavirus disease 2019, but factors that prevent symptomatic disease remain unknown. We investigated the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) antibody responses on symptoms in a longitudinal children cohort ( n = 2,917) and a cross-sectional cohort including children and adults ( n = 882), all first exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (March 2020 to March 2021) in Switzerland. Saliva ( n = 4,993) and plasma ( n = 7,486) antibody reactivity to the four HCoVs (subunit S1 [S1]) and SARS-CoV-2 (S1, receptor binding domain, subunit S2 [S2], nucleocapsid protein) was determined along with neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron (BA.2) in a subset of individuals. Inferred recent SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a strong correlation between mucosal and systemic SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike responses. Individuals with pre-existing HCoV-S1 reactivity exhibited significantly higher antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in both plasma (IgG regression coefficients = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.09, 0.32], P < 0.001) and saliva (IgG regression coefficient = 0.60, 95% CI = [0.088, 1.11], P = 0.025). Saliva neutralization activity was modest but surprisingly broad, retaining activity against Wuhan (median NT50 = 32.0, 1Q-3Q = [16.4, 50.2]), Alpha (median NT50 = 34.9, 1Q-3Q = [26.0, 46.6]), and Delta (median NT50 = 28.0, 1Q-3Q = [19.9, 41.7]). In line with a rapid mucosal defense triggered by cross-reactive HCoV immunity, asymptomatic individuals presented with higher pre-existing HCoV-S1 activity in plasma (IgG HKU1, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, 95% CI = [0.29,0.97], P = 0.038) and saliva (total HCoV, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = [0.33, 0.91], P = 0.019) and higher SARS-CoV-2 reactivity in saliva (IgG S2 fold change = 1.26, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.54], P = 0.030). By investigating the systemic and mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in a population without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination, we identified specific antibody reactivities associated with lack of symptom development.IMPORTANCEKnowledge of the interplay between human coronavirus (HCoV) immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding the coexistence of current endemic coronaviruses and to building knowledge potential future zoonotic coronavirus transmissions. This study, which retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of individuals first exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland in 2020-2021, revealed several key findings. Pre-existing HCoV immunity, particularly mucosal antibody responses, played a significant role in improving SARS-CoV-2 immune response upon infection and reducing symptoms development. Mucosal neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2, although low in magnitude, retained activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants underlining the importance of maintaining local mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2. While the cross-protective effect of HCoV immunity was not sufficient to block infection by SARS-CoV-2, the present study revealed a remarkable impact on limiting symptomatic disease. These findings support the feasibility of generating pan-protective coronavirus vaccines by inducing potent mucosal immune responses., Competing Interests: H.F.G. reports having received honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Merck, ViiV, GSK, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, and Novartis for serving on DSMB and/or advisory boards and has received a travel grant from Gilead Sciences. In addition, he has received grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Yvonne Jacob Foundation, and the NIH and unrestricted research grants from Gilead Sciences, all paid to the institution. A.T. has received honoraria from Roche Diagnostics for consultant activity, grants from the SNSF, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, and the Pandemiefonds of the UZH foundation, and unrestricted research grants from Gilead Sciences. I.A.A. has received honoraria from MSD and Sanofi, a travel grant from Gilead Sciences, and a grant from Promedica foundation. R.D.K. has received grants from SNSF, the National Institutes of Health, and Gilead Sciences. C.P. has received a grant from the Collegium Helveticum.

Published
2024
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50. Is blinding in studies of manual soft tissue mobilisation of the back possible? A feasibility randomised controlled trial with Swiss graduate students.

Author

Muñoz Laguna J, Nyantakyi E, Bhattacharyya U, Blum K, Delucchi M, Klingebiel FK, Labarile M, Roggo A, Weber M, Radtke T, Puhan MA, and Hincapié CA

Subjects
Humans, Feasibility Studies, Switzerland, Musculoskeletal Manipulations
Abstract

Study Design: Single-centre, two-parallel group, methodological randomised controlled trial to assess blinding feasibility., Background: Trials of manual therapy interventions of the back face methodological challenges regarding blinding feasibility and success. We assessed the feasibility of blinding an active manual soft tissue mobilisation and control intervention of the back. We also assessed whether blinding is feasible among outcome assessors and explored factors influencing perceptions about intervention assignment., Methods: On 7-8 November 2022, 24 participants were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to active or control manual interventions of the back. The active group (n = 11) received soft tissue mobilisation of the lumbar spine. The control group (n = 13) received light touch over the thoracic region with deep breathing exercises. The primary outcome was blinding of participants immediately after a one-time intervention session, as measured by the Bang blinding index (Bang BI). Bang BI ranges from -1 (complete opposite perceptions of intervention received) to 1 (complete correct perceptions), with 0 indicating 'random guessing'-balanced 'active' and 'control' perceptions within an intervention arm. Secondary outcomes included blinding of outcome assessors and factors influencing perceptions about intervention assignment among both participants and outcome assessors, explored via thematic analysis., Results: 24 participants were analysed following an intention-to-treat approach. 55% of participants in the active manual soft tissue mobilisation group correctly perceived their group assignment beyond chance immediately after intervention (Bang BI: 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25 to 0.84]), and 8% did so in the control group (0.08 [95% CI, -0.37 to 0.53]). Bang BIs in outcome assessors were 0.09 (-0.12 to 0.30) and -0.10 (-0.29 to 0.08) for active and control participants, respectively. Participants and outcome assessors reported varying factors related to their perceptions about intervention assignment., Conclusions: Blinding of participants allocated to an active soft tissue mobilisation of the back was not feasible in this methodological trial, whereas blinding of participants allocated to the control intervention and outcome assessors was adequate. Findings are limited due to imprecision and suboptimal generalisability to clinical settings. Careful thinking and consideration of blinding in manual therapy trials is warranted and needed., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05822947 (retrospectively registered)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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