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Copyright of Cahiers Elisabethains: A Biannual Journal of English Renaissance Studies is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines ancient restoration practices in the Pamphylia Region, focusing particularly on the city of Perge. It builds upon T. Ismaelli's extensive studies of Roman Imperial Period architecture and restoration methods, supplementing them with new examples specific to Pamphylia. Various restoration methods were identified and analyzed using archaeological evidence, including metal clamps, new marble inserts, and detailed repair processes aimed at extending the lifespan of architectural elements. The findings highlight the period's advanced engineering and architectural skills, demonstrating how these techniques were applied to preserve and restore significant public and private buildings. Additionally, the research categorizes these restoration practices and details techniques such as replacing damaged sections with new materials and reinforcing weakened structures using innovative methods. This detailed examination enriches the literature on ancient restoration practices in Pamphylia and interprets studies on the restoration of ancient architecture through tabular analysis. The study underscores the importance of these practices in preserving cultural heritage and offers a framework for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several burn marks on timbers from a Roman building in London were recorded after excavation in the 1980s. Detailed investigation and experimental archaeology lead to the conclusion that the burn marks were made accidentally with an oil lamp, not deliberately. Such accidents would, however, be rare, and the burn marks found widely in post-medieval and medieval buildings of southern Europe must be the result of deliberate ritual activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several rural Roman buildings in the Province of Germania Superior show striking collapse patterns of their walls. Slope movements and seismic ground motions or a combination of both come into consideration as the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a new theory of the metrological framework of the Pantheon in Rome, based on the evidence of the common use of the approximation of π ≈ 22 7 in the designs of the circular structures from the Roman Imperial period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tower of Hercules is an icon of the city where it is located, A Coruña, and it is supposed to be the world's only surviving Roman lighthouse. Its function continues today: it provided a warning to shipping in antiquity and continues to do so now, in the 21st century. Furthermore, it is a paradigmatic case of architectural intervention in an ancient monument: in the 18th century, the Spanish engineer Eustaquio Giannini restored the tower, applying scientific criteria and maintaining the authenticity of the monument. For all these reasons, the Tower of Hercules is an exceptional benchmark through which the development and evolution of the different signaling and navigation aid systems can be studied from the beginning of our era to the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an interdisciplinary investigation, a hastily exploited individual quarry of limestone is studied. The quarry was made all at once for the construction of a nearby military camp to improve the defence of a remarkable Celtiberian city during the Sertorian Wars. This is a perfect Roman military engineering project: on the one hand, the geological deposit was exploited selectively, differentiating the areas of extraction of large and small blocks of stone, according to the needs of the work. On the other hand, the material was transported by means of small roads along a carefully studied and laid out road of about 600 m in length and of clear Roman origin. The archaeological evidence shows the existence of a large camp that, according to previous surveys, adopts the known classical models of rectangular plans and the typology of Roman construction. In the camp environment, there are enough scattered remains that seem to point to a battlefield. All this indicates the importance of the primitive Celtiberian settlement, which is justified by an analysis of the territory by the existence of springs of high guarantee for human water supply, livestock and irrigation. The existence of silver mines is another added economic value. Due to the predominance in the monetary findings of the mint of Titiakos, the possibility is raised that the Celtiberian city was linked to the ethnic group of the Titos indicating their active participation during the Sertorian Wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conferences worldwide focus on a range of disciplines relating to the construction of the built environment. They tend to emphasize either the art or the science of building, the former focusing on architectural theory and design while the latter targets a range of topics from civil and/or building engineering to building physics. Vitruvius's De Architectura Libri Decem is a seminal treatise more than two millennia old which addresses these themes in a holistic manner. This text remains valid today for students and professionals engaged in architecture and building engineering. Translated as Ten Books on Architecture, it not only presents an overall view of the disciplines of town planning, architecture and civil engineering, along with the qualifications required to practice them, but also addresses building materials, civil-engineering structures and the science influencing buildings. Although grounded in the practice and technology of Ancient Rome, the principles put forward in this treatise are still valid nowadays for effective, sustainable architectural-engineering design based on rigorous education and good knowledge of building materials and construction. Vitruvius's definition of architecture—the one still customarily used—is an inclusive philosophical statement on the essence of building for humanity to house humanity. It recalls the symbiotic relation between architecture and building engineering that is often forgotten in the contemporary emphasis on specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to characterise the urban dining rooms located in the province of Lusitania from a metrological and morphological point of view. The studied examples were identified in the cities of Conimbriga (Condeixa-a-Velha), Capera (Cáparra), Augusta Emerita (Mérida), and Mirobriga (Santiago do Cacém) and were built between the 1st and the 3rd century CE. The conducted analyses demonstrated the existence of a certain hierarchy in room dimensions, with widths being more homogeneous. This led to the definition of four size clusters, that have a more heterogeneous set of lengths associated, suggesting greater importance of room width, possibly related to the placement of the couches. The existence of relatively standardised size clusters, as well as the presence of several dining rooms in the same house, suggest a relationship between size and functional character, as well as the existence of established rules for the sizing of certain spaces.

In 2 Cor 10:10 Paul cites a criticism in Corinth concerning his “weak” bodily presence. This accusation is generally interpreted non-somatically, as a denigration of Paul’s personality or deportment. In this article, I will situate this criticism against the material and cultural backdrop of agonistic festivals in Roman Achaia, and the Isthmian Games in particular, in order to localize this complaint in its first-century setting. This will result in an interpretation that recognizes the charge as one of somatic, bodily inferiority. After evaluating the non-somatic interpretation, I will focus attention on demonstrating the intersection of material culture and exegesis through a reconstruction of the cityscape of Roman Corinth—its monuments, statuary, and inscriptions. Revisualizing Corinth’s urban landscape will embed the complaint of Paul’s poor physical appearance more tangibly in the agonistic milieu of first-century Corinth, one of the premier venues of athletic competition in the ancient world. This reconstruction will also attempt to capture the agonistic ethos of the city through literary sources that represent firsthand descriptions of vibrant centers of athleticism in antiquity. Finally, I will locate this project within the larger theoretical framework known as “the material turn” in religious studies. This will foreground the importance of materiality and visual culture in shaping beliefs and will help to explain the harsh evaluation of Paul’s physicality by denizens of a world-class athletic center like Corinth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parion Roman Bath discussed here were built in the first quarter of the 2nd century AD, but new halls were added to the building and other major renovations were made during the last quarter of the 2nd century AD. After these changes, the building remained in use until the 5th century AD, with bathing activities coming to an end at some time after the middle of the 5th century AD. Later, the building was used for different purposes. During the excavation of the praefurnium of the Roman Bath in 2015, an oval-shaped lime kiln was found that was believed to have been built after the bathing activities ended in the building. The remains of wood used to burn marble were found in the firing chamber of the kiln. Samples taken from burnt wood were analyzed by the radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dates have been calibrated using the Extended 14C Database and the Revised Calib 3.014C Wet Calibration Program. The analysis revealed the not calibrated date of 1493+/- 67, which indicated the last phase of use of the lime kiln. The calibrated date is between 534 and 641 AD, which also constitutes the date of the finds evaluated in the study. This date constituted a "terminus ante quem" for the lime kiln. The present case study aimed to compare the date obtained as a result of the analysis and the date of the archaeological context and investigate whether the analysis results were compatible with the excavation context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on a group of pilaster Corinthian capitals from Perinthus (now Marmara Ereğlisi). Information about them was published over a century ago (Mendel 1914, vol. III). The architectural analysis of these monuments, which were made of marble most likely acquired in the nearby quarries of Proconnesus Island (now Marmara Island), shows a unique similarity to the architectural details made by the stonemasons from the Asia Minor town of Aphrodisias. Separate groups of Aphrodisian masters traveled to a number of complexes and buildings throughout the Roman Empire. Their works are also found in the province of Thrace. The decorations of some monuments from Villa Armira, Oescus, Tomis, Odessos, Marcianopolis, and Anchialos are probably Aphrodisian. This is why the group of pilaster capitals in Perinthus are extremely important for understanding the path of Anatolian masters to Thrace. Not only the stonemason work but also the patterns of these pilaster details are very common to Aphrodisian handworks. The pilaster Corinthian capitals in Perinthus are a direct link between the original models from Asia Minor and the monuments produced in Roman Thrace. They were made in the Marmara Sea region, which is the closest place to the main center for marble mining during the Roman Imperial Era: Proconnesus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Thiasos is the property of Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Classica Universitatis Scientiarum Debreceniensis is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During excavations at the Hellenistic-Roman port of Berenike (on the Red Sea coast of Egypt) in the winter of 2019, work in the so-called Northern Complex documented a religious space from the Late Roman period. The excavation of a portion of this space recorded material that, together with the architecture, suggests a ritual function associated with a falcon cult. This study examines the features of this edifice and the interpretation of the religious materials found in it and proposes a possible relationship with the Blemmyan population who lived in Berenike between the fourth and sixth centuries CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samaria, renamed Sebaste after the annexation to Herod's kingdom, was mostly excavated in the first half of the 20th century. Despite its relevant archaeological heritage, the history of the city is scarcely known. During the Middle Imperial period, Samaria–Sebaste flourished, as is suggested by the renovation of several buildings. Under Septimius Severus the city was granted the status of colonia from which is benefited greatly. This paper intends to reappraise data from old excavations, with the aim to frame the local urban renovation of the 2nd and the 3rd centuries ce in a broader regional context. With regard to this objective, marble/stone trade and architectural decoration will be analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a precious and reliable research tool broadly used in archaeology because of its capacity to produce three-dimensional data about features preserved underground, such as buildings, infrastructures, and burials, as well as building rubble. GPR data (time-slices) management and exploitation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is mostly limited to the visualization and the manual interpretation and mapping of separate single time-slices. This study presents a newly developed plug-in designed to automatically post-process GPR time-slices in a GIS environment, to identify anomalies, and to produce a synchronic view of them. This map product, when combined with a DTM, results in a 2D map of subsurface anomalies which shows the absolute height of features above sea level, thus offering a comprehensive view of the three-dimensional configuration of the subsurface features identified. The paper illustrates the pixel-based processing chain of the plug-in and the results of the tests carried out in the case study of the Roman town of Falerii Novi (Italy), on the basis of high-resolution open access GPR data recently collected by the University of Cambridge and Ghent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the phenomenon of glass in wall and floor opera sectilia from the Hellenistic period to Late Antiquity. This type of decoration was developed in Alexandria -- as testi- fied by archaeological finds -- and then spread across the Greco-Roman world. In Rome the art created a backdrop for a series of displays -- especially in imperial palaces and elite housing -- that spanned the Imperial era. All the great metropolises were graced by it, including the new capital of the East, Constantinople, where it underwent a renewed flowering. This article analyzes the use of glass material mostly as inserts in marble compositions and, more rarely, in wholly vitreous compositions. It reflects upon the meaning of these different decorative products and attempts to interpret their economic, aesthetic, and symbolic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Roman world a wide variety of funerary architecture was erected along the access roads of cities to catch the eye of passersby. In Hippos (Sussita in Aramaic) of the Decapolis, the most notable funerary structures stood along the city's main approach within the Saddle Necropolis. The most distinctive elements of the necropolis's architectural remains were a series of 13 large funerary podia -- the focus of the 2020 excavations. The Hippos podia are unique in the Roman world, in their dating, their architecture, and their multiplicity. The architectural design of this series of structures may be the first evidence of necropolis planning and erection of funerary monuments by the polis itself within the Roman world. The article describes the freshly exposed Hippos podia, proposes reasoning for the choice of this particular type of construction, and analyzes similar funerary structures throughout the Roman world, with emphasis on the Roman East, where sarcophagi were widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tower of Hercules is an icon of the city where it is located, A Coruña, and it is supposed to be the world’s only surviving Roman lighthouse. Its function continues today: it provided a warning to shipping in antiquity and continues to do so now, in the 21st century. Furthermore, it is a paradigmatic case of architectural intervention in an ancient monument: in the 18th century, the Spanish engineer Eustaquio Giannini restored the tower, applying scientific criteria and maintaining the authenticity of the monument. For all these reasons, the Tower of Hercules is an exceptional benchmark through which the development and evolution of the different signaling and navigation aid systems can be studied from the beginning of our era to the present day.

Copyright of Archaeology & Science / Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke is the property of Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia dell'Architettura is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent excavations in the northern part of the Marina el-Alamein archaeological site have uncovered architectural features shedding light on the functioning of this part of the town located close to the putative harbor. It now appears to have been a residential district of an affluent elite, exemplified by House H39 incorporating a small bathhouse. In view of these findings, the location in this part of the town of a large house with a commemorative complex dedicated to the Commodus cult, together with an adjoining banquet hall, does not seem to be accidental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The House of the Tribunus Laticlavius, a large building in the legionary fortress of Aquincum, has only been partially excavated, and this was in the 1970s. This short paper makes an attempt to understand its function and find its place in Roman architecture through a reconstruction of its floor plan and comparison with other prominent residential buildings of the period which share similar features. It appears very likely that the house is based on a loose adaptation of a Hellenistic model, tailored to the needs of high-ranking officers of the Roman army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the excavations of the last few years in the so-called Nero bath in Patara, two Blattkelch capitals were found, which gave reasons to the following article. These two capitals were created in the early Roman Imperial Period, although they were not used in the bath until the 2nd century AD. They, and another six that have now disappeared, crowned columns of breccia marble in the frigidarium of the bath mentioned above, which was added around the middle of the 2nd century AD. It was therefore clear to us that this was a practice of reuse in the Roman Imperial Period. This phenomenon, the reuse of architectural elements in that time, has been little studied so far, in contrast to late antiquity and later periods. Although it was relatively easy to determine the reuse in this case of Patara, it is hardly possible to make any statements about the interpretation of its meaning. In this respect, it can only be hoped that more research will increase in the future. The following essay should serve as a contribution to such research.

The renewal of the archaeological excavations of Timacum Minus in 2019 initiated extensive analyses and an additional interpretation of the results of previous excavations of its buildings. One of the buildings outside the fortification has attracted special attention, because of both its constructive solutions and its dimensions. Although the archaeological research of “the building with a hypocaust” has never been completed, there are enough discovered segments that indicate the applied building techniques and constructions. In addition to under-floor and wall heating systems, this building had vaults built of terracotta tubes. The rarely discovered and insufficiently documented examples of this type of vaulted structure in Roman architecture in south-eastern Europe necessitate a deeper analysis of their remains in Timacum Minus, with the aim of obtaining relevant information important not only for the reconstruction of the construction process and appearance of “the building with a hypocaust”, but also for future architectural analyses of Roman buildings in the territory of Serbia and in the surrounding region.

The article offers information on the artifacts, architecture, and time in 19th Century Papal Rome. Topics discussed include the stylistic revivals and eclecticisms of the century architectural culture; ways in which institutionalization of architectural preservation reflected another aspect of the new consciousness; and political and theoretical projects of Reformed churches and the Tridentine Catholic Church during the 16th and 17th centuries.

This article presents our discovery of the astronomical orientation of the city of Aventicum, the capital of ancient Roman Helvetia, where the sacred complex formed by the Temple of the Cigognier and the Theater were oriented along the axis that links the sunset of the Summer Solstice and the sunrise of the Winter Solstice. Also the East and West doors of the city were astronomically oriented on the axis that links the sunrise of the Summer Solstice and the sunset of the Winter Solstice. On July 13th, 2017 I had the fortune to visit two extraordinary Roman sites in Switzerland, Avenches and Vallon, together with friend Cristiano Castelletti, a great scholar as well as an excellent journalist of the Swiss-Italian Radio. This article is dedicated to his memory, because unfortunately Cristiano passed away in 2017, leaving a great void for us all.

Perhaps the most striking, and archaeologically speaking the most evident, change that occurred in Gallia Comata from the 1st century BCE to the end of the 2nd century CE was the incorporation of massive, monumental, Roman-style architecture. Many of these monuments still stand to this day, providing an obvious, visual argument for the impact that Roman culture had on Gallic society. Overall, the incorporation of Roman architecture and monuments, paid for and dedicated by members of the local elite, seems to indicate a clear cultural shift in Gallic society and the adoption of Roman conceptions of urbanism and the role of the urban aristocracy in providing munera for the populace. This paper will examine the remains of monumental structures in the Gallic civitas-capitals, examining the initial stages of monumentalization. While early structures advertised the connection between the community as a whole with the Imperial power structure, the construction of amphitheaters in particular emerged rapidly throughout the Three Gauls and, as this paper will argue, was tied to the glorification and memorialization of the dedicator and his family. The edification of urban space thus became a new ground for the Gallic aristocracy to play out its internal rivalries, rather than a public expression of acceptance or obedience under Rome, and through the use of amphitheaters, urban edification allowed the Gallic aristocracy to retain their ties to the concept of competitive status and martial prowess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on the methodology for assessing the transformation of Roman villas in Late Antiquity. Previous studies have moved from simple identification towards a more holistic way of spatially visualising transformation (for example, Chavarría 2007; Dodd 2019) however, none of these previous attempts have led to a spatially comparable approach to site transformation across different regions and individual settlements. This paper will lay out the problematic nature of spatially illustrating villa transformation and address the development processes of prior studies. It will lay out the conceptual framework for a new approach to addressing villa transformation based on three spatial layers and demonstrate their applicability on two important villa complexes in Northern Britain and the German Saarland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some authors have downplayed the importance of complex vaulted systems in ashlar in Roman architecture. This has led them to seek the origins of Early Modern stonecutting in Christian Syria or Languedocian Romanesque. However, some examples in many regions of the Empire, including Lazio, argue for the existence of advanced stonecutting techniques in the Roman world. In this paper, we will study an interesting example of these structures, the Grotta dei Massacci in Osteria Nuova, now in the municipality of Frasso Sabino. Starting with a precise survey carried out by 3D laser scanning and automated photogrammetry, we will put forward some hypotheses about its measurement system, proportion, stonecutting technique and the hoisting systems used in its execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this study is a group of ninety stucco fragments from the Herculaneum Archeological Park, which were part of the decoration of the Tetrapylon’s barrel vault located in the Decumanus Maximus. The archaeologist Amedeo Maiuri, former superintendent of the site, had been displaying them in a cabinet within a nearby domus, as part of his project of an open air museum, while other parts of the stucco decoration were repositioned in situ, with large lacunas. Our project’s aim has been to develop a new exhibition solution, pursuing an accurate recovery of the overall volume of the decoration, meeting the requirements of reversibility and stability of conservation-restoration treatments, while allowing further updates through new findings. Considering the wide range of methods at our disposal, the most effective technical support in matching the fragments, and acquiring accurately the shape has shown to be the 3D scanning and modeling.

In recent years, scholars have become increasingly skeptical of the idea that there is any relationship between the capacities of entertainment structures such as theaters and amphitheaters and the populations of Graeco-Roman cities. In this article, we begin by offering a model of information percolation in cities grounded in settlement scaling theory. We then show that there is a systematic relationship between the capacities of both theaters and amphitheaters and the populations of cities in the Roman empire, but this relationship is far from linear, indicating that a decreasing fraction of the population attended events in entertainment structures. In addition, although there is a great deal of variation in the extent to which sites conform to the underlying relationships, there is a relationship between the sizes of these deviations and the overall standing of sites as reflected in their civic statuses. Collecting similar measures for other relationships might be a useful way of characterizing sites and indicates a fruitful avenue for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]