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A great deal of research has documented how extractive resources are governed once their exploitation has begun, how transnational actors and factors play a role in extractive industries, and how states stick to a path of dependency towards fossil fuel exploitation. However, most of this previous research has not taken sufficiently seriously domestic politics. Furthermore, there has been little work on how dependency is constructed before exploiting these resources. This article fills that gap by showing how oil exploitation has been constructed as an economic imperative in Uganda. Building on a research design with a broad range of empirical fingerprints, this article shows that construction of oil as an economic imperative in Uganda is based on two processes: 1) embedding the meso level within the macro level through a long-term horizon; and 2) rendering the contingent necessary through a combination of material and immaterial strategies of state political control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A great deal of research has documented how extractive resources are governed once their exploitation has begun, how transnational actors and factors play a role in extractive industries, and how states stick to a path of dependency towards fossil fuel exploitation. However, most of this previous research has not taken sufficiently seriously domestic politics. Furthermore, there has been little work on how dependency is constructed before exploiting these resources. This article fills that gap by showing how oil exploitation has been constructed as an economic imperative in Uganda. Building on a research design with a broad range of empirical fingerprints, this article shows that construction of oil as an economic imperative in Uganda is based on two processes: 1) embedding the meso level within the macro level through a long-term horizon; and 2) rendering the contingent necessary through a combination of material and immaterial strategies of state political control.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper will review whether Israel's exploitation of Palestinian natural resources, specifically in Area C of the West Bank, serves as an indicator that the occupation has crossed the line into de facto annexation of this area. For this purpose, it will examine how the exploitation is conducted in respect of various natural resources. It will subsequently analyse the concept of occupation, particularly the law of occupation in relation to the exploitation of natural resources, based on Article 55 of the Hague Regulations, and the principle of Permanent Sovereignty of Natural Resources. It will then examine the concept of annexation, and the requirements for a situation to constitute annexation, being the intent to annex the distinctive element. From the analysis, the conclusion will be drawn that Israel exploits the natural resources in Area C of the West Bank not as occupier, but as a sovereign power, with a clear intention to annex the territory, and consequently, this exploitation serves as an indicator to prove that the occupation has crossed the line into de facto annexation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’objectif général de cette recherche est d’inventorier les différentes activités liées à l’exploitation de ressources naturelles duPNS afin d’évaluer leurs impacts négatifs sur la viabilité des ressources dudit parc. Les données primaires collectées à travers les discussions en groupe focalisé (focus group) dans les dix (10) villages qu’occupent les Yaelima dans le bloc sud du Parc de la Salonga. Le recours aux données secondaires et observations se sont avéré également indispensable. Les investigations entreprises renseignent que la chasse non réglementée et incontrôlée, l’agriculture sur brûlis et la pêche illégale avec des techniques traditionnelles mettent à péril les ressources naturelles du parc. Les Yaelima n’envisagent pas un jour quitter le parc et considèrent celui - ci comme unedemeure éternelle léguée par leurs ancêtres. La sensibilisation des Yaelima sur la préservation des ressources naturelles du parc de la Salonga ainsi que l’implication des Yaelima dans la gestion dudit parc sont les quelques recommandations pouvant contribuer à la réduction de la pression anthropique sur les ressources naturelles du parc en vue de pérenniser ces dernières.

The recognition of Aboriginal rights in s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act transformed the legal landscape in Canada. In this article, we empirically estimate the economic impact of this transformation on the value of Canadian natural resource firms. We focus on six landmark Supreme Court of Canada precedents that are often viewed as having imposed significant economic effects on Canadian resource firms. We use event studies to test these claims, measuring changes in resource firms' share prices on the Toronto Stock Exchange after each of the landmark rulings. A total of 2,110 firm events allow us to estimate market responses at the individual firm level. Our findings show that although the decisions triggered statistically and economically significant changes in the value of Canadian resource firms, these changes were not uniformly negative, and they varied widely in size across decisions, industries, and firm characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans les Côtes d’Armor, en Bretagne, deux projets d’extraction de ressources naturelles font face à de fortes contestations locales à partir de 2016. Il s’agit d’une part du permis exclusif de recherche minière (PERM) de Loc-Envel, dans les terres, et d’autre part de la concession de sable coquillier de la Pointe d’Armor, sur la côte. Bien que géographiquement proches, ces deux mobilisations se structurent différemment : alors que la mobilisation contre le PERM de Loc-Envel prend la forme d’une coalition souple, celle contre l’extraction de sable se structure en organisation de coalition (Staggenborg, 1986). Comment expliquer ces divergences, sur un territoire réduit, dans la structuration de ces mobilisations ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous interrogerons le poids des héritages locaux, mais également des processus de cadrage dans la structuration des mobilisations environnementales. Une problématisation qui, si elle prend un tour plutôt contre-expert sur la côte et plus territorialisé dans les terres, ne s’inscrit ici que marginalement dans une critique de l’extractivisme (Bednik, 2016).

La crise sanitaire actuelle nous porte à reconsidérer la situation de nos territoires, et de certains petits territoires insulaires enfermés dans la dépendance économique à l’égard de l’extérieur, notamment. Aussi, le cas de la Corse est-il particulier sans l’être. Car il s’agit pour nous tous de reconstruire des bases de vie acceptables à partir de la mémoire des lieux et pour les gens du lieu. Et en se situant à l’échelle locale, faire de la valorisation des ressources naturelles une priorité. C’est de l’idée d’autosuffisance non seulement alimentaire, de résilience, qu’émergeront peut-être de nouvelles manières d’être et de vivre, au cœur même de notre civilisation méditerranéenne.

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La gestion des biens communs est devenue un défi pour l’humanité, d’autant plus que les ressources naturelles et les ressources humaines évoluent dans deux sens opposés. Une gestion optimale des ressources naturelles, selon l’approche d’Ostrom, passe par la satisfaction d’un certain nombre de principes. A travers ce papier, nous analysons comment une institution communautaire gère un périmètre d’irrigation, et nous traitons son efficacité via les principes d’Ostrom. Cet article met l’accent sur la gestion de l’eau par une communauté auto-organisationnelle qui puise ces normes sociales d’une culture traditionnelle, prépondérante dans la communauté. L’étude s’estréaliséeau niveau du périmètre - Ait Oubyal-, province de Taroudant. A travers la vision ostromienne, le travailmontrele degré de performancede la gouvernance communautaire dans la gestion des conflits.

This paper investigates the topic of sustainable natural resource governance, and policy and politics thereof, in the context of Botswana. The authors endeavour to provide a preliminary justification for why Botswana, as a country of investigation, is a potential role model and a site of deep study for researchers of contemporary sustainable resource governance. This paper argues that the rest of Africa can learn from the Government of Botswana’s policies regarding multinational corporations operating in the mining sector, particularly in terms of attracting investment, but, too, Botswana could learn much from others in terms of economic diversification and linkage promotion.

This paper investigates the topic of sustainable natural resource governance, and policy and politics thereof, in the context of Botswana. The authors endeavour to provide a preliminary justification for why Botswana, as a country of investigation, is a potential role model and a site of deep study for researchers of contemporary sustainable resource governance. This paper argues that the rest of Africa can learn from the Government of Botswana's policies regarding multinational corporations operating in the mining sector, particularly in terms of attracting investment, but, too, Botswana could learn much from others in terms of economic diversification and linkage promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a greenfield mining project in a peripheral region in northern Sweden through the analysis of how different actor groups formed their own ‘horizons of expectations’ that temporally became fused, only to crumble together with the mining company in a short period of time. By focusing on the co-evolvement of expectations, we show how expectations are differentiated along geographical and temporal scales, reflect upon how these differences relate to interests and historical memory, and finally what these differences mean for the development of large-scale, long-term, raw materials-based projects devoted to industrial production in depopulating areas in an economy otherwise orientated towards neoliberal governance and post-industrial development. By doing so, we make a theoretical contribution to the literature on expectations through the introduction of the concept ‘horizon of expectations’, and a contribution to the literature on neoliberalism and its cultural-geographical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development does not only refer to environmental issues. Development policy concerns all issues related to human wellbeing, including both economic, social and environmental aspects. Some United Nations publications, such as the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, recognize these three important points as "mutually reinforcing interdependent pillars", and underlie the declaration of Human Rights all over the world. However, even in this globalization era, the different environmental disciplines generate their own paradigm according to the region and culture, without considering that sustainable development is a cross-cutting issue to all disciplines. Based on these perspectives, methodological proposals have been set up to assess what is sustainable or not sustainable. Cultural contradictions have made visible expressions of these new socioeconomic scenarios, which generating deep changes in the way societies approach the question of exhaustion of development patterns, without being able to define a new one. It is clear that the difference between what is and is not sustainable depends on physical and biological aspects, nevertheless the final concept is determined by socioeconomic variables. The debate on how interpreting and addressing social problems caused by migration, environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources is a topic of interest to all governments. They strive to encourage social and economic agents to carry out more environmentally friendly activities and behaviors. This involves how to promote the capacity to provide material and economic factors, without depleting the natural resources base and always emphasizing the critical points that any community needs to survive, such as maintaining the natural resource base that provides basic water and food services benefits to the society. However, the way each community has focused on this issue has changed over time depending on how each one understands its reality, its environment and how people are connected to them. Since the industrial revolution, the interest of each society has changed historically. This means a change in the perception of reality, which is a determining factor in how society interacts with the environment. This article presents an analysis of different development models from the perspective of natural resources, the integrated hydrographical basin management and the concept of sustainability. The first two themes have been essential to many development proposals, while the concept of sustainability is a part of the agenda of international organizations, such as the United Nations, and is the conceptual framework that determines some of the discourse and public policies in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between environmental and Indigenous history is complex and still evolving. As the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada reminds us, land dispossession is not simply an historical phenomenon, but one that continues to affect Indigenous communities and Indigenous-settler relations in the present day. This article takes an historiographical approach to examining issues related to decolonizing research practices that privilege Indigenous perspectives, differing cultural views of resources and the environment, and the colonizing impacts of industrial and extractive practices on Indigenous communities. It argues that more scholars should incorporate gendered perspectives, and that they analyze Indigenous history in ways that respect our own national boundaries on Turtle Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to predominant neoliberal ideology that argued higher economic growth rates would eventually lead to better results in terms of income distribution, the last three decades witnessed high economic growth rates accompanied by rising income inequalities in most countries worldwide. Abundance of natural resources in several developing countries had significant implications for their economic growth and subsequent income inequality levels. Further, neoliberal globalization manifested itself in increased foreign direct investment and trade openness impacted world economies significantly. This research examines the effects of natural resource dependency, neoliberal globalization, and state-institutional factors alongside the internal development model on income inequality in a set of 96 developing countries for the period 1980–2010. Models for Prais–Winsten regressions with panel corrected standard errors show that within the internal development model, population growth rates are the most significant factor in influencing income inequality levels. Natural resource dependency is equally important and is positively associated with increasing inequalities. More detailed analyses of different types of energy-rich countries reveal varying results exemplifying the importance of exploring how different types of natural resources might affect income inequality levels rather than their sheer magnitude. Consistent with previous research, foreign direct investment indicates a robust positive association with increasing income inequalities whereas trade openness exhibits a negative association signifying the positive effect deindustrialization that took place in advanced countries might have had on developing countries. Finally and counterintuitively, democracy is associated with higher income inequalities whereas institutional quality is negatively associated with income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving to a low-carbon future will create challenges for Canada’s fossil-fuel industries, but opportunities in the form of a new market for low-carbon goods and services. The challenges for the resource sector will vary across commodities. Competition in the new market for low-carbon goods and services will be tough; sustained competitive advantage will be difficult to maintain due to capital mobility. With these challenges in mind, this article proposes three questions for Canadians looking ahead to a low-carbon future. First, how large will the market for low-carbon goods and services be? Second, where are Canada’s advantages likely to lie in serving these markets? Finally, what are the roles for Canada’s existing natural-resource industries in a low-carbon economy, and what are the strategies to maximize the value of these resources? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years.

La transition économique est un enjeu majeur au Canada : initialement une colonie construite sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles, il a depuis connu une évolution rapide, au point d’être considéré comme une puissance économique de premier plan. Toutefois, les évolutions récentes sont ambiguës et animent un débat lourd : pour certains, l’économie canadienne est appelée à dépasser le stade d’une économie centrée sur les ressources primaires pour s’inscrire dans l’économie du savoir ; pour d’autres, la période actuelle conduit plutôt à l’exacerbation de la vieille exploitation des ressources naturelles, mais sous des formes relativement nouvelles. Pour expliquer cette tension, nous examinons l’hypothèse du passage de l'économie canadienne d'un stade de maturation de l’exploitation traditionnelle (dit mature-staples) à un stade nouveau (dit « post-staples »). Cela permet de mettre à jour la variété et la profondeur des évolutions actuelles (économiques et productives, politiques et symboliques, sociales et territoriales) et de souligner qu’elles sont sans doute mieux abordées en termes de gouvernance et de jeu politique autour des ressources qu’en termes de « virage » objectif et structurel de l’économie politique des ressources. La transition de l’économie des ressources naturelles au Canada apparaît si hétérogène et inégale qu’elle pousse à questionner l’existence même d’un bouleversement structurel de ses bases.

L'ethnodéveloppement, tel qu'il est prescrit par le droit international, peut être défini comme un développement à la fois adapté, choisi et maîtrisé par les peuples autochtones dans la majorité de ses éléments. La nécessité du développement durable constitue un facteur en même temps positif et négatif au regard de l'ethnodéveloppement. En effet, sa mise en oeuvre peut impliquer une reconnaissance de droits et de moyens au profit des autochtones, dès lors que l’on veut utiliser leurs pratiques et connaissances concernant la gestion de l'environnement. Mais cette mise en oeuvre du développement durable peut aussi limiter leurs droits, à l'instar des droits de toute autre catégorie de population.

This paper analyzes the natural resources governance framework in Zambia. The research is the result of a broader project on natural resource governance with interviews performed in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the paper is to identify the gaps and inconsistencies within the Zambian natural resource policy framework, in an effort to broaden the understanding of how governance of the sector may be streamlined and optimized. It further offers suggestions on how other sectors, such as education, may be central to the development of a more successful natural resource framework. The paper focuses on Zambia as a country with a long history of mining and a relatively stable political environment, yet one in which tensions between government and the private sector remain, and policies on natural resource extraction which have been particularly volatile in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industrial development within Canada's boreal zone has increased in recent decades. Forest management activities, pulp and paper operations, electric power generation, mining, conventional oil and gas extraction, nonconventional oil sand development, and peat mining occur throughout the boreal zone with varying impacts on water resources. We review impacts of these industries on surface water, groundwater, and wetlands recognizing that heterogeneity in the dominance of different hydrologic processes (i.e., precipitation, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, and runoff generation) across the boreal zone influences the degree of impacts on water resources. Through the application of best management practices, forest certification programs, and science-based guidelines, timber, pulp and paper, and peat industries have reduced their impacts on water resources, although uncertainties remain about long-term recovery following disturbance. Hydroelectric power developments have moved toward reducing reservoir size and creating more natural flow regimes, although impacts of aging infrastructure and dam decommissioning is largely unknown. Mineral and metal mining industries have improved regulation and practices, but the legacy of abandoned mines across the boreal zone still presents an ongoing risk to water resources. Oil and gas industries, including non-conventional resources such as oil sands, is one of the largest industrial users of water and, while significant progress has been made in reducing water use, more work is needed to ensure the protection of water resources. All industries contribute to atmospheric deposition of pollutants that may eventually be released to downstream waters. Although most industrial sectors strive to improve their environmental performance with regards to water resources, disruptions to natural flow regimes and risks of degraded water quality exist at local to regional scales in the boreal zone. Addressing the emerging challenge of managing the expanding, intensifying, and cumulative effects of industries in conjunction with other stressors, such as climate change and atmospheric pollution, across the landscape will aid in preserving Canada's rich endowment of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ce texte décrit et analyse les premières étapes de construction d’un dialogue interdisciplinaire entre une anthropologue et des hydrologues, à partir d’une recherche sur des documents d’archives. Outre leur intérêt pour une anthropologie des usages de l’eau, les archives se constituent en objets « passeurs de frontières » entre deux mondes disciplinaires. D’une part, en tant qu’objets (cartes et rapports anciens), les documents d’archives viennent s’insérer dans la pratique quotidienne de l’interdisciplinarité, initiant ainsi des discussions puis une production de connaissances partagées. D’autre part, les archives permettent d’engager la construction d’un regard sociohydrologique sur un lieu d’étude commun (Tunisie centrale), à travers une progression de la réflexion par « frottement disciplinaire » autour d’informations contenues dans ces documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forestry Faculty of Kastamonu University is the property of Kastamonu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Canada's federal government established the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta in 1905, making them approximately equal in area, population, and economy. Roughly one hundred years later, Alberta has three times the population of Saskatchewan and a gross domestic product (GDP) that is more than four times greater. The creation of the border represents a "natural experiment" that allows us to assess the relative importance of institutions versus geography to explain the divergent development of the twin provinces. While the perception persists that Saskatchewan's political climate hindered that province's development relative to Alberta's, it is Alberta's early lead in manufacturing, and vast mineral endowments, that present a more convincing explanation for the divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is likely to exacerbate the dry conditions already experienced in southern Africa. When rainfall does come, it is likely to be in bursts of greater intensity, leading to erosion and flood damage. However, these predictions have had very little influence on policy in southern African countries. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model simulations for Namibia indicate that over 20 years, annual losses to the Namibian economy could be up to 5% of GDP, due to the impact that climate change will have on its natural resources alone. This will affect the poorest people the most, with resulting constraints on employment opportunities and declining wages, especially for unskilled labour in rural areas. Namibia must take steps to ensure that all its policies and activities are `climate proofed' and that it has a strategy to deal with displaced farmers and farm workers. The need to mainstream climate change into policies and planning is clear, and it is the responsibility of industrialized nations, who have largely created the problem of climate change, to help Namibia and other vulnerable countries cope with climate change impacts and plan for a climate-constrained future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lindkvist K. B. and Sánchez J. L. Conventions and innovation: a comparison of two localized natural resource-based industries, Regional Studies. The paper explores the development of new conventions in two natural resource-based industries, the Norwegian salt fish industry and the wine industry in the Spanish region of Castilla y León. Modest innovation in the former industry tied to domestic and industrial conventions is contrasted with the success of the latter. Wine producers have adopted the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) system to satisfy the market's demand for quality. Whereas Norwegian salt fish producers are reluctant to cooperate with non-local institutions, external influences in the wine industry have provided market intelligence and scientific knowledge to winegrowers and wineries... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a comparison on the development in the manufacturing industry of Russia and Ukraine covering the period of 1995-2004. It focuses on how Russia's natural resource wealth has affected the development of the country's manufacturing sector in comparison to Ukraine. It states that economic transitions between the two countries form similarities in various areas except for Russia's vast natural resources. The author provides a discussion on how resource endowments have contributed towards the difference in the growth of the countries' non-resource industrial sectors.

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on semiotic theory, the article looks at how space and identity are constituted by different political actors, notably the ruling party and customary authorities, in the context of a transfrontier conservation area in Chimanimani in central Mozambique. Based on radically different geographical and historical ramifications, these actors have arrived at different ideal models for managing access to land and natural resources. However, while conflicts resulting from incompatibility of these models are often reduced to a simple local–global dichotomy, case material from Chimanimani shows how both local communities and the state have been shaped by the interplay of local and non-local forces. The main difference lies in the strategy the political authorities have selected for maintaining continuity in the context of rapid socio-political transition. In the case of the ruling party this takes place through a corpus of selected texts, but in the case of customary authorities through flexibility of the code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]