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Microbially-induced corrosion is the acceleration of corrosion induced by bacterial biofilms. The bacteria in the biofilms oxidize metals on the surface, especially evident with iron, to drive metabolic activity and reduce inorganic species such as nitrates and sulfates. Coatings that prevent the formation of these corrosion-inducing biofilms significantly increase the service life of submerged materials and significantly decrease maintenance costs. One species in particular, a member of the Roseobacter clade, Sulfitobacter sp., has demonstrated iron-dependent biofilm formation in marine environments. We have found that compounds that contain the galloyl moiety can prevent Sulfitobacter sp. biofilm formation by sequestering iron, thus making a surface unappealing for bacteria. Herein, we have fabricated surfaces with exposed galloyl groups to test the effectiveness of nutrient reduction in iron-rich media as a non-toxic method to reduce biofilm formation.

Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) tends to increase for African immigrant women upon arrival in the United States because of adjustment and acculturation stress, non-citizen status, language barriers, economic insecurity, and lack of social support. The aim of this study was to speak directly with African immigrant women living in the same U.S. urban community and ask them about their perceptions of IPV. Authors posit that by learning more about IPV perceptions from African immigrant women, we can contribute to the literature on African immigrant women's experiences and, using transnational intersectionality theory, we can identify how social service providers may use these perceptions to create more inclusive and effective services for African immigrant women experiencing IPV. Method Community-based participatory focus groups and interpretive phenomenology were used to understand the perceptions of IPV from 22 women (10 Ethiopian immigrant women and 12 immigrant women from various French speaking countries in Africa). Cultural brokers helped with the development of research questions, recruitment materials, interview process, and the review of interview transcripts. Results Women reported concerns and barriers precipitated by intersections of culture and patriarchy, judgment from others, and fear of losing financial support. Findings also show that perceptions of IPV and decision-making to seek help were influenced by factors associated with their countries of origin as well as their host country, the United States. Conclusions It is important for clinicians to understand the ways in which culture, ethnicity, and transnational perspectives intersect with responses to IPV and use this to inform and support services for these populations. Implications are provided., Author(s): Bertranna A. Muruthi [sup.1] , Reid E. Thompson Cañas [sup.2] , Lindsey Romero [sup.2] , Krista Chronister [sup.2] , Yijun Cheng [sup.2] , Abiola Taiwo [sup.3] , Bernice S. [...]

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged educational developers, like instructors across the world, to pivot their traditionally face-to-face faculty development programs to online formats. At the Stearns Center for Teaching and Learning at George Mason University (classified as research-intensive and the largest public institution in Virginia, U.S.), we faced the challenge of reimagining our annual pedagogy conference that scaled from 497 registered in 2019 when it was face-to-face to over 800 in 2020 as it was moved online. Under pressures of limited resources and increased uncertainty, leaders can find it difficult to imagine pathways toward innovation rather than just daily responses to crises, yet centers for teaching and learning (CTLs) need to take and maintain leadership roles in our institutions. Here we outline our programmatic goals, our guiding user-centered principles (from user experience frameworks; i.e., Zarour & Alharbi, 2017), and the user-centered iterative design process from learning engineering (Kessler, 2019) that enabled our evidence-based decision-making processes to select conference support technology platforms and create the conference infrastructure and workflows. We discuss a variety of data sources that informed our decision-making processes throughout the conference planning and actual event. We share assessment results and lessons learned that guide innovation in CTLs and can be applied to a range of educational development programs from large conferences like ours to small workshops and even one-to-one consultations.

Objective: This study aims to assess the outcome of challenging documented moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergies with full dose administration of a beta‐lactam antibiotic in emergency department (ED) patients admitted for acute bacterial infection. Methods: A single‐center, retrospective, descriptive study of adult patients challenged with a full dose of beta‐lactam in the ED from January 2021 to December 2022 was conducted. Included patients had at least one documented moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergy in the electronic medical record (EMR) without documentation of prior tolerance. Patient demographics, prior beta‐lactam antibiotic reaction, beta‐lactam administered in the ED, inpatient beta‐lactam continuation, adverse drug reactions, and updates to allergy profiles were collected. Descriptive statistics for data analysis were performed using SPSS Version 22. Results: Of the 184 ED encounters with full‐dose beta‐lactam challenges, five (2.7%) patients with documented moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergies experienced an allergic reaction after the challenge; one (0.5%) patient had an allergic reaction in the ED, and the remaining four (2.2%) occurred after admission. No anaphylactic reactions occurred. All allergic reactions were limited to mild rash or itching. Most patients (98.9%) were challenged with a cephalosporin. A beta‐lactam was continued in 86.4% of cases, and the allergy profile was updated for future utilization in 73.4% of patients. Conclusions: This study suggests that full‐dose challenge of moderate, severe, or unknown beta‐lactam allergies can be safely accomplished in the ED. This approach avoids unnecessary penicillin allergy skin testing and reduces utilization of suboptimal alternative antibiotic regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiencing parental deportation during childhood is associated with higher rates of mental health and behavioral health challenges. This adversity may be exacerbated by the uncertainty of what is happening to their deported parent and to their family system following a deportation experience. Effective clinical intervention can reduce the likelihood and/or severity of physical health, mental health and behavioral health difficulty caused by the trauma of parental deportation; however, clinicians have insufficient resources and guidance on effectively engaging with children and their families following parental deportation. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with English-speaking Latino individuals from the United States who experienced parental deportation between the ages of 6 and 17 (n = 10). Using interpretive phenomenology analytic procedures, three major themes emerged related to participants' experiences of their family after their parent's deportation: (a) I wish I knew what was happening, (b) I wish people had checked in on my emotions, and (c) I wish people had been supportive and included us in the conversation. These findings are examined from an ambiguous loss framework to provide clinical implications of children's needs after parental deportation. Suggestions are offered from the adults who lost their parent to deportation as a child about what they needed following their loss. By understanding what children need in these moments of crisis, practitioners, providers, and others are better prepared to address this form of complex childhood adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note describes the development and testing of a novel, programmable reversing flow 1D (R1D) experimental column apparatus designed to investigate reaction, sorption, and transport of solutes in aquifers within dynamic reversing flow zones where waters with different chemistries mix. The motivation for constructing this apparatus was to understand the roles of mixing and reaction on arsenic discharging through a tidally fluctuating riverbank. The apparatus can simulate complex transient flux schedules similar to natural flow regimes The apparatus uses an Arduino microcontroller to control flux magnitude through two peristaltic pumps. Solenoid valves control flow direction from two separate reservoirs. In‐line probes continually measure effluent electrical conductance, pH, oxidation–reduction potential, and temperature. To understand how sensitive physical solute transport is to deviations from the real hydrograph of the tidally fluctuating river, two experiments were performed using: (1) a simpler constant magnitude, reversing flux direction schedule (RCF); and (2) a more environmentally relevant variable magnitude, reversing flux direction schedule (RVF). Wherein, flux magnitude was ramped up and down according to a sine wave. Modeled breakthrough curves of chloride yielded nearly identical dispersivities under both flow regimes. For the RVF experiment, Peclet numbers captured the transition between diffusion and dispersion dominated transport in the intertidal interval. Therefore, the apparatus accurately simulated conservative, environmentally relevant mixing under transient, variable flux flow regimes. Accurately generating variable flux reversing flow regimes is important to simulate the interaction between flow velocity and chemical reactions where Brownian diffusion of solutes to solid‐phase reaction sites is kinetically limited. Article impact statement: We developed a low‐cost programmable column experiment apparatus capable of automating reversing flows a range of flux magnitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purposes of this study were to analyze the trends in Oxford level of evidence (LOE), LOE of most-cited articles, and association between LOE and journal impact factor (IF) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) over a 10-year period (2009-2018) in 3 prominent hand surgery journals, specifically HAND, Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) (JHS), and Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) (JHSE). Methods: All articles published from 2009 to 2018 in HAND, JHS, and JHSE were reviewed for assigned or available LOE. Data were pooled and analyzed for trends in LOE; relationship among IF, SJR, and LOE; and citation density. Results: A total of 3921 total publications were tabulated from 2009 to 2018, with the majority of studies being level V (1700, 43%) and fewer studies being level I (146, 4%). Over the 10-year study period, there was no significant change in frequency of level I studies for any journal. HAND trended significantly toward higher LOE, JHS trended toward higher LOE, and JHSE trended toward decreased LOE without significance. Among all journals, the annual number of articles and the average LOE were independent significant predictors of IF and SJR. Statistically significant correlations were found between citation density and LOE for JHS and HAND. Conclusions: Higher quality evidence is becoming more prevalent in the hand surgery literature over the past 10 years. Annual articles, average LOE, and level I and II and level IV articles were significant predictors of increasing IF and SJR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Through a combination of rational design and synthetic serendipity, two new structural isomers of the dithienoborepin (DTB) architecture have been realized. Unlike previous members of this family, these boron-containing [...]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated, and complicated stressors related to immigrant families' experience with U.S. immigration policies. Method: This article uses a critically engaged practice (CEP) framework to examine three policies and their implications for the health and well-being of immigrant families during the COVID-19 pandemic (a) Detention and Removal of Alien Parents or Legal Guardians policy, (b) Order Suspending the Right to Introduce Certain Persons from Countries where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists, and (c) Field Guidance on Deportability and Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds. Results: Our article presents a CEP framework to empower clinicians in integrated healthcare settings to better understand and communicate policies with their patients. Discussion: Policy-informed CEP asks clinicians to (a) remain current with policy change; (b) have the ability to interpret policy and or policy change to clients; and (c) be aware of not only the primary effects of policy on the family but also the secondary impacts to their system. Clinical implications are provided. Public Significance Statement: Mitigation strategies related to the COVID-19 pandemic have generated many new policies at the local, state, and federal levels. A Critically Engaged Practice perspective, asks clinicians to understand and communicate their understanding of relevant policies to their patients to increase their patients' access to resources and promote accurate information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two large volcanic eruptions contributed to extreme cold temperatures during the early 1800s, one of the coldest phases of the Little Ice Age. While impacts from the massive 1815 Tambora eruption in Indonesia are relatively well‐documented, much less is known regarding an unidentified volcanic event around 1809. Here, we describe the spatial extent, duration, and magnitude of cold conditions following this eruption in northwestern North America using a high‐resolution network of tree‐ring records that capture past warm‐season temperature variability. Extreme and persistent cold temperatures were centered around the Gulf of Alaska, the adjacent Wrangell‐St Elias Mountains, and the southern Yukon, while cold anomalies diminished with distance from this core region. This distinct spatial pattern of temperature anomalies suggests that a weak Aleutian Low and conditions similar to a negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation could have contributed to regional cold extremes after the 1809 eruption. Key Points: Extreme post‐1809 cooling in northwestern North America was centered around the Gulf of Alaska and the southern YukonSpatial temperature patterns in North America post‐1809 are consistent with the influence of North Pacific decadal variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the stress process model to test the mediating effects of personal mastery and moderating effects of church-based social support on the relationship between daily discrimination and psychological distress across three age groups of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults. Using a national sample of 5008 African Americans and Afro-Caribbean adults from the National Survey of American Life Study, this study employs structural equation modeling to investigate the relationships between daily discrimination, personal mastery, church-based social support, and psychological distress. Daily discrimination was an independent predictor of psychological distress across all groups. Group- and age-specific comparisons revealed significant differences in the experience of daily discrimination and psychological distress. Mastery was a partial mediator of the relationship between discrimination and psychological distress among Afro-Caribbeans while church support was a significant moderator only among the young and older African Americans. Together, our study findings provide useful first steps towards developing interventions to reduce the adverse psychological impacts of daily discrimination on African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans. Intervention efforts such as individual psychotherapy aimed to improve Afro-Caribbean individuals' sense of mastery would be a partial solution to alleviating the adverse effects of discrimination on their psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author draws on her recent experiences in trying to bring more professional attention to writing teacher preparation within composition and English studies. She explores some of the challenges she and her colleagues have faced--ones that may be common to many new composition subfields that are looking for support from their established professional organizations. She suggests, too, how CCCC and NCTE might study the situations and needs of new composition subfields like writing pedagogy education in order to chart new, more inclusive, more collaborative strategies for member support and engagement in the coming decades. (Contains 9 notes.)

We present an integrative laboratory investigation incorporating skills from inorganic chemistry, analytical instrumentation, and physical chemistry applied to a laboratory-scale model of the environmental problem of chlorinated ethylenes in groundwater. Perchloroethylene (C[subscript 2]Cl[subscript 4], PCE) a common dry cleaning solvent, undergoes sequential replacement of Cl with H to trichloroethylene (C[subscript 2]HCl[subscript 3]) and subsequently "cis"-dichloroethylene (C[subscript 2]H[subscript 2]Cl[subscript 2]) through catalytic reductive dechlorination with water-soluble cobalt complexes. PCE degradation is monitored by gas chromatography and the first-order rate constants are determined. Experimental conditions may be varied to optimize chlorinated ethylene dechlorination and explore the important parameters governing degradation. Students work with reduction-oxidation active compounds and analyze "real-world" kinetic data sets. (Contains 2 tables and 3 figures.)

While writing pedagogy instructors assign their students a range of writing tasks, often as central or repeated features of the course, a crucial question has not yet been addressed: does it matter what new teachers write? If pedagogy students are being assigned writing in part to further develop their attitudes and practices related to teaching writing, is a researched report as productive as, say, a teaching journal or some other assignment? Should writing assignments all be tailored to the needs of individual pedagogy-education programs? Alternately, might some kinds of writing assignments be especially congruent with the broad goals of writing pedagogy education? In this article, the author explains why the answer to that last question should be "yes." Writing assignments that are overtly, deliberately "difficult," "exploratory," and "critically reflective" should form the core of what instructors assign to teachers. Writing pedagogy classes need to provide writing experiences that allow students to experience productive, guided difficulty in writing--and thus to become true learners in the field. Working through these difficulties within a supportive environment will increase teachers' empathy with students; their felt sense that process-based, student-centered teaching is effective; and their understanding of how to connect composition theories with pedagogical practices. In addition, writing assignments need to emphasize exploration rather than conclusiveness at all stages of the writing process. And finally, metacognitive writing about these difficult, exploratory assignments should be critically reflective, addressing the difficulty and the exploratory nature of the writing, and linking writing to teaching practices. (Contains 9 notes.)

In this article, the author argues that teaching assistant (TA) peer mentoring programs need more formal support through well-articulated programmatic structures and through multifaceted mentor education that includes time for theorizing, practice, and reflection. In support of that claim, the author draws on mentoring scholarship as well as mentoring experience to describe the resistances and challenges that peer mentors face. The author then describes specific steps that one can take to improve mentor education and support in two ways: indirectly, by clearly articulating a mentoring program's goals and assessing its performance, and directly, by creating opportunities for mentors to investigate mentoring challenges as well as to study and practice specific mentoring strategies. (Contains 1 figure and 10 notes.)

Microbially-induced corrosion is the acceleration of corrosion induced by bacterial biofilms. The bacteria in the biofilms oxidize metals on the surface, especially evident with iron, to drive metabolic activity and reduce inorganic species such as nitrates and sulfates. Coatings that prevent the formation of these corrosion-inducing biofilms significantly increase the service life of submerged materials and significantly decrease maintenance costs. One species in particular, a member of the Roseobacter clade, Sulfitobacter sp., has demonstrated iron-dependent biofilm formation in marine environments. We have found that compounds that contain the galloyl moiety can prevent Sulfitobacter sp. biofilm formation by sequestering iron, thus making a surface unappealing for bacteria. Herein, we have fabricated surfaces with exposed galloyl groups to test the effectiveness of nutrient reduction in iron-rich media as a non-toxic method to reduce biofilm formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the increasing pressures on those who teach graduate seminars in composition pedagogy to cover a broad range of texts, topics, and techniques. It argues that in response, pedagogy instructors may need to deliberately (re)design their courses in order to continue to help new writing instructors engage in inquiry and discovery, to help them learn to "think like teachers." Specifically, it recommends two kinds of un-coverage strategies. The first is a problem-based pedagogy, such as one described by Wendy Swyt that features reading-clusters and a "contact-zone" approach, or one that focuses on investigating "unsolvable problems" in composition pedagogy. The second is a discovery-draft pedagogy, one that uses exploratory, challenging writing assignments and writing workshops to engage students in reflection and inquiry.

Over 16 million people in the United States belong to a mixed‐status family in which at least one member of their household is undocumented. The current study will explore adult reflections on childhood experiences of parental deportation in order to elucidate their meaning of the loss and if their experiences resemble an ambiguous loss. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was utilized to analyse in‐depth retrospective meaning‐making narratives of adult children who lost a parent to deportation. Findings indicate that the children of detained or deported parents experienced difficulty not knowing what was happening, believed their parents would return, and noted family practices that they found to be helpful or unhelpful in processing their loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]