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Despite progress in surgery and radiochemotherapy, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GB) remains poor. GB cells exhibit a preference for hypoxia to maintain their tumor-forming capacity. Treatment strategies utilizing oxygen (O 2 ) or ozone (O3) and generating reactive oxygen species induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. The anti-tumorigenic properties of O2-O3 are accompanied by a key role in regulating immunogenicity. The present study reported a case series of an intra-tumoral O2-O3 application in recurrent GB. Following surgery in combination with standard radiochemotherapy, O2-O3 (5 ml at 40 µg/ml) was applied every four weeks into the tumor vicinity. The patients received a median of 27 (range, 3-44) O2-O3 applications. In addition, a systematic literature search was performed in order to evaluate the role of O3 in the treatment of malignancies. The median overall survival rate was 40 (range, 16-53) months. The median survival rate following the first recurrence or the initiation of the O2-O3 treatment, respectively, was 34 (range, 12-53) months. In one patient, a local infection and in another, hemorrhage occurred, necessitating in both the temporary removal of the reservoir. The data from the present study support the potential benefit of an intra-tumoral O2-O3 application in recurrent GB. The scientific literature revealed by the bibliographic search suggests that O3 may be considered a viable adjuvant therapy in oncological patients. The present study may serve as a starting point for further observational and clinical studies elucidating the cellular and systemic effects of O2 and/or O3 and demonstrating their efficacy and safety in larger patient samples.

Early diagnosis of acromegaly prevents irreversible comorbidities and facilitates surgical cure. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is common in acromegaly and patients have often undergone surgery for CTS prior to the diagnosis of acromegaly. We hypothesized that screening CTS-patients for acromegaly could facilitate active case-finding. We prospectively enrolled 196 patients [135 women, 56.9 (range 23-103) years] who presented with CTS for surgery. Patients were asked about 6 symptoms suggestive of acromegaly using a questionnaire calculating a symptom score (0-6 points), and insulin-like-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was measured. If IGF-1 was increased, IGF-1 measurement was repeated, and random growth hormone (GH) and/or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with assessment of GH-suppression were performed. The mean symptom score was 1.7±1.3 points. Three patients reported the maximal symptom score of 6 points, but none of them had an increased IGF-1. There was no correlation between the symptom score and IGF-1-SDS (standard deviation score) (r=0.026; p=0.71). Four patients had an IGF-1>2 SDS. In 2 patients acromegaly was ruled out using random GH and OGTT. One patient had normal IGF-1 and random GH at follow-up. One patient refused further diagnostics. In this prospective cohort of patients with CTS, the observed frequency of acromegaly was at most 0.51% (95% CI 0.03 to 2.83%). In this prospective study, none of the 196 patients with CTS had proven acromegaly. Thus, we see no evidence to justify general screening of patients with CTS for acromegaly., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Human neocortical neurons from the frontotemporal region were examined by serial ultrathin sectioning with the intention to establish the morphology and frequency of primary cilia (with a 9 + 0 tubular structure) in these cells. Each cell examined thoroughly showed one single cilium with a characteristic position and structure. The constant presence of these organelles may be a hint at an important function.

The tannic acid-phosphomolybdic acid-Levanol (Supranol) Fast Cyanine 5RN (TP-L) procedure for staining muscle cells and blood platelets was used because, with this method, proteins of the myosin-fibrin group should be selectively stained. However, in human blood and blood plasma clots and in vivo thrombi, fibrin was not stained. Blood platelets probably due to their content of contractile proteins were very well stained. Apparent fibrin staining in human autopsy thrombi may be due to the staining of disintegrated platelets and the absorbance of fibrin by stained hemoglobin. Problems encountered using Nuclear Fast Red as the nuclear stain were solved by changing the dye concentration or by using a differentiating agent. Myosin staining by the TP-L method depended on the pH of the tannic-acid solution used. Raising the pH to 7.4-8.0 changed the staining result, and collagen fibers were then stained.

A case of anterior interosseous nerve palsy is demonstrated due to an anatomical variation not recorded before causing this syndrome. Main median-nerve trunk and anterior interosseous nerve passed differently in relation to the pronator teres muscle. Surgery led to a rapid recovery of nerve function.