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Rubidium and cesium are critical strategic elements, and their development and utilization are of great significance. In this study, a magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) adsorbent was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption performance of the adsorbent for Rb+ and Cs+ in solution was investigated. The results showed that the adsorbent exhibited high adsorption capacities of 2.83 mol/g for Rb+ and 4.37 mol/g for Cs+. In simulated brine, the adsorbent demonstrated excellent selectivity for Cs+. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The primary adsorption mechanism was an ion exchange. The development of this adsorbent holds significant promise for the extraction of rubidium and cesium from liquid resources.

Rb+ and Cs+ are important components of lepidolite lithium-extraction tailings. However, efficient extraction and separation of Rb+ and Cs+ are difficult. We developed a two-step adsorption-flotation strategy for extraction and separation of Rb+ and Cs+. This new strategy enabled extraction of Rb+ and Cs+ from lithium-extraction tailings with efficiencies >99% and the Cs+/Rb+ separation ratio was 20:1. These findings will shed light on the efficient extraction and precise separation of Rb+ and Cs+ in liquid minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]