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This paper explores a rapid and low-intensity qualitative method that yields deep and rich insights into Generation Z and Millennials, who constitute the largest consumer group in history. This group favours frictionless digital solutions and their engagement with 'elaborate' qualitative techniques is unlikely, requiring researchers to marshal efficient technology-facilitated methods that render comparable insight. We assess the capacity of a 'simple' projective technique – online word association, accompanied by a few supporting questions – to offer as fine-grained insight into this consumer group against a more involved story stem completion method. The UK buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) context provides a complex novel market for this examination. Results suggest strong conceptual interconnection between the word association and the story stem completion task. Word associations generated similar resonance and tonality to that of the story stem but in a more compact manner, which liberates researchers and participants alike. The word association task focuses and delineates attention on a narrower set of words, not often done in the context of more traditional qualitative techniques, including story stem completion. Young consumers' vocabularies reveal their most salient perceptions of the phenomenon. The word association task also facilitates Generation Z and Millennials' active and positive online engagement, removing resistance and withdrawal from the research. This improves marketing response through immediacy, relevancy, and potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effectiveness of qualitative projective techniques to explore the corporate political brand image of Pakistan Tehreek-I-Insaf party [PTI] from a multiple-stakeholder perspective. This study addresses core gaps in projective techniques research of eliciting responses from a large cross-section of multiple stakeholders in varied non-western contexts. A qualitative interpretivist approach was adopted. More specifically, expressive projective techniques were embedded within focus group discussions. Nine focus group discussions (comprising 37 participants) were carried out in Karachi and Lahore (Pakistan) from June to November 2020. Each focus group lasted 60 to 90 minutes. A six-phased contextualist thematic analytical approach was employed to interpret the findings generated from the projective techniques and subsequent discussions. Projective techniques were established as an efficient and effective tool for exploring corporate political brand image research in Pakistan. The leadership element of the corporate political brand trinity was revealed to be larger than policies and party and it had both positive associations as well as being perceived as opportunistic. Policies were associated with dissatisfaction and incompetence whereas, the party element of the brand was viewed as ineffective and a subordinate brand. This study addresses explicit calls for further insights and research on the use of projective techniques in dynamic contexts and settings. In addition, this research adds to the limited understanding of the choice of stimuli and appraisal of projective techniques. Finally, this study provides a systematic ten-step guide entitled the projective techniques toolkit which outlines how to successfully conduct research using projective techniques. This research and developed toolkit will benefit practitioners and academics alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study's purpose was to investigate how nurses, using a picture schedule, enable or hinder the realization of disabled children's agency in the preparation for an MRI procedure carried out under general anaesthesia. Methods: A qualitative observation study was used to explore the interaction of nurses and children. The data consisted of video recordings of 25 preparation situations of 3 (3–8 years old) children (with challenges in communication and/or cognitive skills) with 4 nurses. Verbal and nonverbal communication was analysed with interventionist applied conversation analysis. Results: What was most crucial was how the picture schedule was used during the interaction. Reciprocal information sharing, responding to the child's initiatives by negotiating and allowing the child to take physical action with the picture schedule enabled the realization of the child's agency. Conclusions: The preparation process should aim to help the child prepare in his/her own way. The preparation tools should encourage reciprocal interaction in informing and in responding to the children's initiatives. The preparation practices should include enough time for the child's initiatives and physical participation. The results can be used in assessing preparation tools and how they are used from the perspective of the child's agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many teachers, pastoral care staff, counsellors, psychologists and others from related disciplines who support children and young people's (CYP's) personal, social and emotional development are concerned by declining well-being and the increased demand for pastoral care and counselling for students with social, emotional and mental health (SEMH) needs. For practitioners to meet these SEMH needs effectively requires both an understanding of them and, more importantly, how CYP themselves make meaning from them. Psychological theories, especially those applicable to exploring experiences that evoke strong emotions, are vital. This paper outlines one such theory-informed approach: a collaborative approach to SEMH assessment at times of school transition. Specifically, it examines a novel use of projective techniques (PTs), where CYP are asked to provide a free-flow response to a stimulus [Content] and then think together with the practitioner about this response [Dialogue]. Reflective accounts of the method are provided to outline how it can support CYP's engagement in assessment; enhancement of shared insights in formulation and personalisation of interventions. These are critical case study vignettes of using this new approach in applied practice, and there is a priority need for further empirical research. Other limitations and strengths of using PTs are outlined, and implications for future developments provided. Finally, an argument is made that system level transformation may be required if the necessary support for school-based staff to make effective use of these tools is to be realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying social identity change in non-standard contexts is always challenging. This article presents a new research technique that allows researchers to obtain rich and ethical data even in adverse and fragile conditions. It is based on the popular associative card game and combines projective and game-based data generation methods. The game component adds a playful atmosphere to the research environment and encourages interaction, while the projective aspect allows participants to express identity elements more easily. The features of the new technique presented in this paper are demonstrated through a case study of the post-2020 Belarusian diaspora. In addition to data generation, I describe a coding process that blends deductive and inductive approaches and show how textual and visual data can be analyzed together. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of this innovative technique are assessed, including creative expression, a safe space for dialogue, and the ability to capture nuanced perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the problem of the adequacy of psychological testing methods, which are varieties of "projective techniques", is far from being universally recognized. To solve this problem, we used an empirical method based on collecting of statistics of respondents' answers, as well as a method of analyzing this statistics by means of representing permutations through functions taking values in Galois fields. Based on experimental data, it is shown that the distribution of respondents' answers to a test in which they are asked to rank pictures in accordance with their own preferences is not homogeneous. Experimental data show that there are answer options that are statistically most common. An interpretation of testing is proposed in which passing the test is considered as "connecting" an external additional layer to the neural network formed by the respondent's brain. In accordance with this interpretation, the most frequently occurring answer options can be considered as the basis for the formation of classification characteristics. It is shown that during using tests of this type it is advisable to take into account the code distances between the answer of a particular respondent and the codes corresponding to the most frequently occurring sequences. The possibilities of generating psychological tests directly based on experimental data and images generated by neural networks are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe a middle range theory (MRT) with conceptual and explicative capacity of cause and effect situations of Ineffective social support network in nursing. Data sources: Descriptive study developed through the Lopes, Silva, and Herdman theoretical‐causal validity method, using five steps for theory construction: definition of the approach for constructing the MRT, definition of the main concepts, development of the pictorial diagram, construction of propositions, and establishment of causal relationships and evidence for practice. The foundation of these steps and the development of a predictive nursing theory occurred through Sanicola's Social Network Theory combined with studies from an integrative literature review using the six steps proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. Data synthesis—findings: The theory presents etiological factors and clinical indicators for Ineffective social support network, connecting situations related to the person, the members and the configuration of this network, and external situations. The pictogram, symbolically created, represents the hierarchical classification of proximal, intermediate, and distal etiological factors, and their relationship with clinical indicators. Conclusions: The MRT, predictive for the nursing phenomenon Ineffective social support network, provides understanding of the person from an interpersonal perspective, which interferes with and is affected by a network of virtues and vicissitudes, and has negative influences on health outcomes. Due to its practical vocation, this theory represents an advance in the science and praxis of nursing. Implications for clinical practice: The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the nursing phenomenon Ineffective social support network and consequently support the identification of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective social support network, proposed for inclusion in the NANDA‐I classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying social identity change in non-standard contexts is always challenging. This article presents a new research technique that allows researchers to obtain rich and ethical data even in adverse and fragile conditions. It is based on the popular associative card game and combines projective and game-based data generation methods. The game component adds a playful atmosphere to the research environment and encourages interaction, while the projective aspect allows participants to express identity elements more easily. The features of the new technique presented in this paper are demonstrated through a case study of the post-2020 Belarusian diaspora. In addition to data generation, I describe a coding process that blends deductive and inductive approaches and show how textual and visual data can be analyzed together. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of this innovative technique are assessed, including creative expression, a safe space for dialogue, and the ability to capture nuanced perspectives.

The purpose of this study was to explore the Filipino counselors' explanations to and in favor of the use of projective techniques in their work. A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire was used in gathering the data. A total of 49 professionals consisting of Registered Guidance Counselors (37%), Registered Psychometricians (35%), and Registered Psychologists (12%) were included in the study. The survey revealed that 65% of the respondents reported to be using projectives in their counseling work such as human figure drawing tests and sentence completion tests. However, it was also revealed that most of the participants lack intensive training on projective techniques (33%). The practice of caution in using projective techniques and provisions on critical examination and proper use of assessment must be emphasized early during training and must be enhanced during graduate courses. This is to ensure that counselors-in-training are updated on the current researchers and are more likely to use evidence-based approaches in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to use two projective methods and the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) model to study food consumer behavior in the case of traditional Mexican cheeses. Based on an online survey (n = 197), this study employs the Word Association and Mason‐Haire's Shopping List projective techniques with two shopping lists (traditional vs. supermarket). Several factors influencing consumers' perceptions of traditional cheeses were identified, such as hedonism, sensory characteristics, quality and freshness. The shopping list allowed the identification of factors related to food consumption and consumer personality traits. Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were associated with the profile of the consumer who purchases food in supermarkets. In contrast, the personalities of Agreeableness and Openness were associated with the profile of the consumer of traditional Mexican cheeses. The results of this research could be helpful in promoting and marketing traditional foods, considering consumers' personality traits. Practical applications: This research identified consumer perceptions of traditional cheeses produced in the central region of Mexico and the personality traits associated with the consumer profile of these food products. The results can be of great use to the cheese‐producing agroindustry, considering that consumers are aware that by purchasing these products, they are contributing to the development and support of the local economy. Therefore, it is essential for producers and sellers to consider the attributes that consumers associate with traditional cheeses, such as artisanal and local characteristics, hedonic value, and consumers' personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an online questionnaire, the perception of additives/stabilizers in ultra‐high temperature (UHT) milk was investigated using different projective techniques. Clustering data on the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) identified two groups of participants, Moderates and Judicious, with the latter assigning significantly higher agreement scores for all FCQ items. In the Word Association task, clean label UHT milk was more associated with "Nutrients and Constituents" by the Moderates and less by the Judicious, suggesting that for part of the interviewed participants, the absence of stabilizers increases the general quality of the product. In the Product Personality Profiling task, the same product was related to "young people" and a "balanced diet" by the Moderates. At the same time, the Judicious was designed for a stereotype of healthy living. Finally, the methodologies used provide valuable insights into the dairy sector, holistically highlighting the nuances in consumer preferences and expectations, offering a significant strategic opportunity for developing and promoting new clean‐label products in the segment. Practical Application: Investigating consumer perceptions regarding the absence of additives offers valuable insights for marketing strategies and product development aimed at different consumer market segments, especially the dairy sector, and contributes to consumer psychology and behavioral research. At the same time, the food industry can use these findings to improve attribute communication, build consumer confidence, and adapt products to identified preferences, reflecting a practical intersection between academia and the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin (IL) 6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression comorbid with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and IL-6 inhibitors used to treat patients with RA may have an antidepressant effect. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Russian iIL-6 olokizumab (OKZ) in reducing symptoms of depression in patients with moderate/high RA activity. To date, 49 RA patients have been included, of which 43 (87.7%) are women, with an average age of 47.8 ± 12.8 years; with a predominant high activity of RA according to DAS28 (CRP) indices (89.8%), SDAI (79.6%) and CDAI (75.5%) and inefficacy of stable 12-week therapy with сDMARDs. In all patients, a psychiatrist, in accordance with ICD-10, diagnosed depression (chronic or recurrent) of varying severity during a semi-structured interview. At week 0, all patients were randomized by the method of sequential numbers in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 to one of the three study groups: group 1—cDMARDs + OKZ 64 mg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks (n = 18); group 2—cDMARDs + OKZ 64 mg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks + psychopharmacotherapy (PPT) (n = 26); group 3—cDMARDs + PPT (n = 5). The duration of the study is 24 weeks. The dynamics of depression severity was assessed on the PHQ-9, MADRS scales; anxiety, on HAM-A; experimental psychological projective techniques were also used. After 12 and 24 weeks of therapy, there was a significant decrease in the severity of depression and anxiety in all groups of patients. However, the difference between the final and initial values of all scales was statistically significantly greater (p <0.05) in the groups of patients receiving PPT: cDMARDs + OKZ + PPT (ΔPHQ-9 24–0 = –6.75 ± 3.91; ΔMADRS 24–0 = –22.5 ± 4.83; ΔHAM-A 24-0 = –14.6 ± 5.37) and cDMARDs + PPT (ΔPHQ-9 24–0 = –15.5 ± 3.53; ΔMADRS 24–0 = –25.0 ± 1.41; ΔHAM-A 24-0 = –18.5 ± 3.53), compared with the cDMARDs + OKZ group (ΔPHQ-9 24–0 = –4.00 ± 3.89; ΔMADRS 24-0 = –5.75 ± 8.29; ΔHAM-A 24–0 = –8.50 ± 8.21). According to a semi-structured interview with a psychiatrist and design experimental psychological techniques, the proportion of patients without depression after 24 weeks of therapy was significantly higher in the groups of patients receiving PPT: 90% in the group of cDMARDs + OKZ + PPT and 100%—cDMARDs + PPT, as opposed to 25% in the group of cDMARDs + OKZ. OKZ therapy contributed to the normalization of night sleep but did not lead to a decrease in the frequency and severity of cognitive disorders (CDs). OKZ has an antidepressant effect, leads to a decrease in the frequency of sleep disorders. However, a complete regression of depression symptoms when OKZ is prescribed without PPT is possible only in 25% of RA patients, mainly in the patients with mild depression. A combination of OKZ and PPT is optimal for the complete regression of depression and anxiety and a decrease in the frequency and severity of CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developmental age is often characterized by problems of somatization of psychological problems and conflicts: Anorexia, enuresis, encopresis and persistent constipation. The Drawn-Story (DS) technique presented in this article was developed to enhance and support the narrative-dialogic relationship in the psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic context – initially primarily for work with children of developmental age, but later also for other patient groups. It is a projective drawing technique that was developed by Giancarlo Trombini in the 1970s based on his training in Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis at the University of Bologna and has since been further developed by him, Elena Trombini and their colleagues and also used in other fields of application. This article uses an early case history of DS to explore central aspects of this technique in greater depth. It also explores the question of whether the Concluding Therapeutic Turn observed in therapies with adults can also be observed in developmental age therapy according to the criterion of reconciliation of time perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generic drugs seem a promising alternative to decrease healthcare costs. However, on one hand, doctors express reluctance toward this kind of drug, and on the other hand, existing literature remains silent about factors explaining their prescribing behavior. The current study mobilizes the Health Belief Model to offer a better understanding of the factors that hinder the prescription of generic drugs by doctors in terms of benefits, barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and action cues. Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with doctors from different specialties. Projective techniques were used including Chinese portrait, completion test, completion task, and association tests. Data analysis was processed using Sphinx software. The paper offers practical recommendations for health authorities and pharmaceutical firms to better promote generics. Increasing the prescription of generic drugs, compared to branded drugs, may increase patient access to affordable drug treatments, decrease healthcare costs and establish rational utilization of medicines. Generic drugs prescription may consequently play an essential role in improving the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and relevance of projective techniques such as house‐tree‐person (HTP) and family in individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS), who have a limited ability to identify and verbalize emotions and express them often using behaviors. Methods: We included individuals with genetic confirmation of PWS immersed in a regular transdisciplinary treatment in an institution dedicated to rare diseases. All individuals were evaluated using the HTP and family projective techniques. These instruments are commonly administered to the general population and, in this case, to people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, including difficulties in their communication abilities. Results: A total of 25 individuals with PWS between 10 and 41 years old (15 men and 10 women) were included. We identified the presence of graphic indicators corresponding to the behavioral phenotype of individuals with PWS, such as anxiety, stubbornness, emotional lability, difficulty in achieving adequate externalization and identification of emotions, impulsivity, aggressive traits, poor social skills, need for support and interaction, low self‐concept, and compulsive behaviors. Conclusions: In the present study, we demonstrated the usefulness of graphic techniques to elucidate aspects of behavior, emotions, and thoughts that individuals with PWS cannot formulate due to expression and communication difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Advance care planning (ACP) aims to ensure that people with chronic or advanced disease receive medical care that is consistent with their values and preferences. However, professionals may find it challenging to engage these patients in conversations about the end of life. We sought to develop a pictorial tool to facilitate communication around ACP. Methods This was a three-phase study. In phase 1, we used the nominal group and Delphi techniques to achieve expert consensus regarding the conceptual content of the tool. In phase 2, a professional cartoonist was commissioned to create a series of cartoons representing each of the content areas resulting from the Delphi process. The pictorial tool was then administered (phase 3) with a sample of individuals with advanced/chronic disease to explore whether the cartoons were easy to understand and conveyed the intended message. Results Following a three-round Delphi process, consensus was reached regarding a set of 12 key content areas that should be considered in the context of an ACP interview. The cartoons created to represent each of the 12 areas were then reviewed and ordered so as to reflect the typical stages of an end-of-life care interview. After administering the pictorial tool with 24 frail older adults with advanced/chronic disease, changes were made to 9 of the 12 cartoons. Conclusions The new pictorial tool comprises a set of 12 cartoons that can guide professionals as they seek to engage frail older adults with advanced/chronic disease in conversations about the end of life and ACP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the mental health literature clearly indicates that both clinicians and researchers have, for many decades, considered various projective measures as suitable and pragmatic assessment instruments in the mental health evaluation of children. The aim of the current study is to present a brief overview of recent scholarship reflected in this body of literature on projective assessment with child samples, based on a bibliographic analysis. To that end, a comprehensive search of the database PsycINFO identified 250 peer-reviewed articles with a focus on projective tests and children. Of these, the author selected 38 studies or key references cited in these publications. Based on an aggregated analysis of this contemporary bibliographic dataset (2000-2022, inclusive), the author contends that projective techniques have been found to have empirical support for critical clinical issues such as the ability to reveal latent psychodynamics, identify cognitive deficits, and differentiate select diagnostic groups in children and pediatric populations. These attributes of projective measures are a key feature in the assessment of children, where issues such as developmental milestones, social adaptations, emotion regulation, and verbal expression are central clinical challenges. A select historical bibliography of key studies and books is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Outdoor play in homes, schools, and communities provides children with unique opportunities to explore their worlds, develop fundamental life skills, and experience belonging. However, few studies have explored outdoor free play among autistic preschoolers in natural settings from a neurodivergent-informed perspective. Objective: To explore the play preferences, opportunities, and challenges in outdoor play for autistic preschoolers. Design: In this qualitative study, the authors used a multimethod approach to data collection using visual, verbal, and projective techniques and thematic analysis to identify and describe outdoor play occupation as expressed by autistic preschoolers. Setting: Home, community, and preschool environments in a city in Ireland. Participants: Seven autistic children and their parents, from seven diverse preschool settings in Ireland. Results: Two overarching themes were identified: (1) outdoor play preferences and meaning and (2) the physical and social environments of outdoor play. The findings suggest that autistic preschoolers demonstrate distinctive play styles and preferences when playing freely outdoors, with physical and social barriers to outdoor play existing in community and educational contexts. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest that autistic preschoolers' outdoor play styles and preferences require support from adult advocates. Although the importance of relationships and social play cannot be overlooked, infrastructural accommodations for parents and schools are required if we are to create supportive and inclusive outdoor play environments and opportunities for freedom of expression for autistic children. Plain-Language Summary: This study explored the distinctive outdoor play preferences, opportunities, and challenges for autistic preschoolers. The findings show that autistic preschoolers face physical and social barriers to outdoor play and that they need parents, schools, and communities to create supportive and inclusive play environments and opportunities for freedom of expression. This study found that autistic preschoolers face physical and social barriers to outdoor play and that they need parents, schools, and communities to create supportive and inclusive play environments and opportunities for freedom of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess consumer perceptions and the connections between consumers' health-related concerns and their perceptions of probiotic fermented sausage. The study was carried out using a 4-step online questionnaire composed of: (1) identification and recruitment; (2) application of the completion test; (3) attitudinal exploration; (4) socioeconomic inquiry. The online test was applied using images simulating the shopping experience of a couple in a supermarket. The situation demonstrated an incomplete dialog between them. The response evaluation focused on identifying the key factors influencing consumers' choices when purchasing fermented sausages, both traditional and probiotic. Sixteen categories emerged from the terms mentioned by consumers that encouraged (positive) or restricted (negative) the intention to purchase fermented sausage. Three different consumer groups were formed from the attitudinal profile results (High Health Concerned – HHC, Moderate Health Concerned – MHC, and Low Health Concerned – LHC). Among the positive categories, ''healthy'' and ''curiosity'' stood out in encouraging the purchase of probiotic fermented sausages. On the other hand, negative categories, which restrict the purchase of probiotic fermented sausages, were primarily attributed to consumers' lack of knowledge about probiotics and to the belief that the functional product has ''unpleasant taste''. Consumers with different health concerns exhibited distinctive perceptions of probiotic fermented sausage. To successfully introduce functional fermented sausage into the market, a multifaceted marketing approach is needed. Regardless of the level of health awareness, the education of consumers about the health benefits and the sensory attributes is crucial for the market of probiotic fermented sausage.

This study intended to identify the perception of quality of life (QoL) among architects, how architecture can impact QoL, and which barriers architects perceive to impact QoL. Numerous studies have emphasized the significance of the built environment in determining QoL, especially in institutional buildings. However, there has been less focus on how architects perceive QoL and how the concept is applied in their planning and design for residential buildings. The contribution of this study is to provide an increasingly important awareness of how to improve the architects’ considerations to build for QoL. The study is based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews with ten architects and one workshop with seven architects. The participants were selected by quota sampling and were all partners or owners of Danish architectural firms that provide housing services and are representative of the Danish architectural industry. The results reveal that the perceptions of QoL among architects are linked to three primary dimensions: health, a sense of harmony, and the experience of enchantment. The participants perceived that architectural design could impact QoL in three primary dimensions: the environment, the experience of enchantment, and health. The most frequent perceived barriers are linked to the economy and resources, building codes and regulations, and knowledge and communication.

Background: This work aimed to study the Village Test (VT) in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compare the results with those of a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. Methods: A total of 50 patients with AD, 28 patients with MCI, and 38 controls were evaluated. All participants underwent the VT and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Results: The mean ages of the participants were 74.4 years for those with AD, 74 for those with MCI, and 70.2 for the controls. The AD group built smaller and essential villages with a scarce use of pieces, a poor use of dynamic pieces, and scarce use of human figures. All constructions were often concentrated in the center of the table. Conclusions: The villages built by the AD group represent a cognitive and affective coarctation and indicate a sense of existential disorientation and isolation. The VT is a useful aid for getting in touch with the inner emotional and existential states of patients with AD, and it could represent a complementary screening tool for orienting cognitive impairment diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intended to identify the perception of quality of life (QoL) among architects, how architecture can impact QoL, and which barriers architects perceive to impact QoL. Numerous studies have emphasized the significance of the built environment in determining QoL, especially in institutional buildings. However, there has been less focus on how architects perceive QoL and how the concept is applied in their planning and design for residential buildings. The contribution of this study is to provide an increasingly important awareness of how to improve the architects' considerations to build for QoL. The study is based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews with ten architects and one workshop with seven architects. The participants were selected by quota sampling and were all partners or owners of Danish architectural firms that provide housing services and are representative of the Danish architectural industry. The results reveal that the perceptions of QoL among architects are linked to three primary dimensions: health, a sense of harmony, and the experience of enchantment. The participants perceived that architectural design could impact QoL in three primary dimensions: the environment, the experience of enchantment, and health. The most frequent perceived barriers are linked to the economy and resources, building codes and regulations, and knowledge and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body dissatisfaction is commonly associated with rhythmic gymnastics (RG) practice, but limited research exists on the prevalence of this issue among recreational level practitioners. This study examines body image dissatisfaction among young girls practicing RG recreationally. A total of 88 girls between six and eleven years of age, who participate in RG as an extracurricular activity, were measured and completed the Stunkard pictogram. To create a control group, 88 girls who did not practice RG were also recruited and matched to the gymnasts by age. Results revealed that the mean body mass index values in both groups were within the normal weight range. The mean score for body dissatisfaction was similar between the two groups, with slightly positive values (RG = 0.94; CG = 1.06). The Mann–Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference in the ratings of actual body size, ideal body size, and body dissatisfaction between the RG and control groups. These findings suggest that practicing RG at a young age is not associated with body dissatisfaction among girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: One way to increase the consumption of nutritious diets as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is by promoting plant‐based (PB) food consumption. Many food companies have been trying to develop innovative PB food products, while some policymakers have been promoting PB diet patterns. This research aims to gain an in‐depth understanding of consumer PB food attitudes and factors affecting consumers' PB food choices. In‐depth interviews with semi‐structured questions and a projective technique were conducted with 28 participants (n = 28) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in March–April 2022. Quota sampling was based on the equal age and gender of the participants (age between 18–75 years old). Thematic analysis was carried out to identify themes that emerged from the interview. The results revealed that PB food attitudes varied based on age. Among more senior consumers, the PB term was new to them. They perceived local dishes are mainly from plants. For the younger generation, PB food was perceived as fake meat with unnecessary food additives. PB food price was a critical factor for consumer food choice. However, consumers might be persuaded to consume more PB food due to its nutritional benefits and situational factors. A new PB food product concept can be developed from local dishes instead of PB products that have been successfully launched abroad. PB food campaigners can raise awareness about certain ethnic foods instead of giving broad advice about the PB diet concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the classification of psychological tests as "objective" or "projective" and questions the validity and utility of these labels. It argues that the distinction between the two types of tests is not accurate because even objective methods can be influenced by subjective interpretation. The author suggests alternative terms such as "performance-based" and "stimulus-attribution" to describe different types of personality assessment methods. The article also explores the concept of projection as a dimensional psychological phenomenon that can vary in intensity, severity, and duration. It discusses the role of context, affordances, and predictive coding in perception and emphasizes the need for further research in understanding the weight of prior beliefs and observations in processing test stimuli. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores how destination brand hate develops over time after a negative experience. Drawing on the trajectory method, participants were asked to graphically trace the course of their negative feelings toward destinations and to discuss the drivers and consequences of those feelings. This study identifies four types of trajectories of brand hate: "revenge for destination's complete failure," "avoidance due to environmental discontent," "forgiveness beyond control," and "resilient destination devotion." These four types of trajectories differ in the factors that lead to hate, in the duration of feelings of hate over time as well as in the consequences of hate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convenience food cooked by sous vide has been developing in the field of high cuisine and restaurants. In this paper the perception of Argentinian consumers of a convenience food cooked by sous vide was explored through the use of projective techniques. The results demonstrated that good taste and convenience were the principal positive characteristics that promoted the intent to purchase a convenience food cooked by sous vide, whereas mistrust and lack of knowledge of the preparation and composition of the product discouraged the consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It can be challenging for people with intellectual disabilities to convey their thoughts and opinions because of cognitive, speech and language impairments. Consequently, facilitating their ability to communicate using augmentative and alternative communication methods is essential. The picture‐based framework Talking Mats has been applied in many studies and has been shown to be successful in facilitating communication and soliciting views from individuals with intellectual disabilities and communication difficulties. The aim of this study was to describe the views of students with intellectual disabilities and communication difficulties on speech and reading activities and to examine whether valence scores (from negative to positive) on these views were associated with performance on tests of their corresponding abilities. Methods: This is a cross‐sectional quantitative survey study. A group of 111 students with intellectual disabilities and communication difficulties aged 7–21 were interviewed about their speech and reading activities using the visual framework Talking Mats. Their answers were scored on a three‐grade like‐dislike continuum and were correlated with their results on adapted tests of the corresponding abilities. Findings: The students expressed their views on speech and reading activities. The scored views on speech were positively associated with speech production, and the scored views on reading activities were positively related to reading ability. This suggests that their opinions as expressed through Talking Mats were consistent and reliable. Conclusions: Most students with intellectual disabilities and communicative difficulties can reliably express their own opinions of their abilities when they are provided with a clear visual structure and pictorial support, such as Talking Mats. In this study, this was seen for students with a mild intellectual disability from age seven and onwards and for students with a more severe intellectual disability from 12 years of age and onwards. Accessible summary: The aims were to find out ○What students with intellectual disabilities and communication difficulties thought about speaking and reading?○How consistent these expressed views were with their abilities in speaking and reading? Students expressed their opinion on a scale using pictures as required in Talking Mats. Their responses were coded and compared to test results.Talking Mats is a programme that uses pictures to help people express their views about what they do. A scale is used to show positive feelings, neutral feelings (e.g., "OK") and negative feelings.Students who did well on tests of speech had positive views about speech in general. Students who did well on tests of reading had positive views about reading.These findings suggest that their opinions could be trusted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we determine the set S of straight lines L 0 that have intersections with four given distinct lines L 1 , ... , L 4 in R 3. If any two of the four given lines are skew, i.e., not co-planar, Bielinski and Lapinska used techniques in projective geometry to show that there are either zero, one, or two elements in the set S. Using linear algebra techniques, we determine S and show that there are no, one, two or infinitely many elements L 0 in S , where the last case was overlooked in the earlier paper. For the sake of completeness, we provide a comprehensive determination of all the elements L 0 in S if at least two of the four given lines are co-planar. In this scenario, there may also be zero, one, two, or infinitely many solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is compelling evidence for cascading activation in adult lexical planning, there is little research on how and when cascaded processing develops. We use a picture naming task to compare word planning in adults and five-year-old children. We manipulated image codability (name agreement) and name frequency, factors that affect lexical selection and phonological encoding, respectively. These factors had qualitatively similar influences on naming response time in both populations, suggesting similar underlying planning processes. Critically, we found an under-additive interaction between codability and frequency such that the frequency effect was attenuated when name agreement was low. This interaction generalises across experiments and languages and can be simulated in a planning architecture in which phonological forms become activated before lexical selection is complete. These results provide evidence for cascaded processing at an earlier age than previous studies, suggesting that informational cascades are a fundamental property of the production architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Projective methods are recognized as a core instrument in the description and interpretation of personality. The Zulliger test (Z-test) is based on the Rorschach Inkblot test, but it consists of only three cards. It has been mainly used in the collective administration mode and in the context of human resources assessment in organizations. The aim of the present study is to start a standardization of the Z-test on non-clinical Italian population, in individual administration mode. Method: Sample was composed by 360 healthy subjects (180 male and 180 females, mean age 38.25), divided into age groups (18-30; 31-45; 46-60) and education (high and low). All subjects were administered the Z-test in individual form. Results: Results show popular responses for each card, obtained by 17% of sample, and answers of statistical good formal quality, reported by at least 2% of subjects. Conclusion: Although this study has some limitations, it can be considered a good starting point for introducing the Z-test into clinical practice. In future research the sample may be expanded, also including clinical population and detecting specific psychopathological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to self‐management greatly impacts patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, most patients with COPD have a limitation in understanding text‐based self‐management plans owing to low health literacy. Thus, strategies to improve self‐management in patients with COPD should be developed. Objectives: This study aimed to develop pictogram‐based content comprising self‐management health information for patients with COPD. Methods: Items for COPD self‐management health information were selected based on in‐depth interviews with patients and text network analysis conducted in our previous study and a systematic literature review to develop preliminary pictogram‐based content. Then, 30 patients with COPD and 10 healthcare professionals (HCPs) were recruited to evaluate the preliminary content using a client satisfaction questionnaire with a maximum score of 32. Results: Content was developed with one item related to disease knowledge while the other 20 concerned self‐management. Patients (28.70 ± 2.94) and HCPs (27.40 ± 2.84) evaluated the content as high quality with adjustments made to increase the size of the letters and shorten the number of items for readability. Twenty‐one items were collated in the final booklet, while 14 of the 21 items were incorporated into a poster. Conclusions: This study indicates that the pictogram‐based content was sufficiently well designed and received good evaluations from both patients with COPD and HCPs. Therefore, it may have prospects for enhancing self‐management in patients with COPD. However, the effect of the content on the outcomes of older patients with COPD and low health literacy will need to be validated in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Consumers' responses to service failures are influenced not just by company-related issues but also by one's ability to react to stressful situations. The aim of this research is to explore the emotional intelligence of brand haters and transform them into forgivers. Design/methodology/approach: This study used two qualitative methods, namely in-depth semi-structured interviews with a total of 17 participants who have different emotional intelligence levels (high, medium and low) and projective techniques with 6 participants. Findings: This study's results showed that consumers with high and medium emotional intelligence feel less hate toward a brand and are more likely to forgive it, whereas consumers with low emotional intelligence feel more hate toward a brand and are unwilling to forgive it. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is among the first to shed light on the importance of managing hate by consumers. Findings will help managers understand the importance of consumer personality in a management strategy and explain why some consumers forgive brands while others participate in anti-brand activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It can be challenging to research aspects of people's health behaviour, attitudes, and emotions due to the sensitive nature of these topics. We aimed to develop a novel methodology for discussing sensitive health topics, and explore the effectiveness in focus groups using prostate cancer and screening as an example. Method: We developed a fictitious case and employed it as a projective technique in focus groups on prostate cancer and screening. The participants were men and their partners who lived in Denmark. Results: The technique encouraged emotional and cognitive openness in focus group discussions about the risk of prostate cancer, the benefits and harms of screening, and decision-making about screening. It appeared that using the fictitious case allowed the participants to personally distance themselves from the topic, project emotions onto the case, and thereby openly talk about their emotions. Conclusion: This article presents a methodological contribution to communication about sensitive topics in focus groups, using prostate cancer screening as an example. Further refinement of the methodology is needed to enable participants to transfer improvements in knowledge to their own decision about screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This preliminary cross-sectional study, focusing on Artificial Intelligence (AI), aimed to assess the impact of ChatGPT on translation within an Arab context. It primarily explored the attitudes of a sample of translation teachers and students through semi-structured interviews and projective techniques. Data collection included gathering information about the advantages and challenges that ChatGPT, in comparison to Google Translate, had introduced to the field of translation and translation teaching. The results indicated that nearly all the participants were satisfied with ChatGPT. The results also revealed that most students preferred ChatGPT over Google Translate, while most teachers favored Google Translate. The study also found that the participants recognized both positive and negative aspects of using ChatGPT in translation. Findings also indicated that ChatGPT, as a recent AI-based translation-related technology, is more valuable for mechanical processes of writing and editing translated texts than for tasks requiring judgment, such as fine-tuning and double-checking. While it offers various advantages, AI also presents new challenges that educators and stakeholders need to address accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a coordinate-free approach to study the holomorphic maps between the real hyperquadrics in complex projective spaces. It is based on a notion of orthogonality on the projective spaces induced by the Hermitian structures that define the hyperquadrics. There are various kinds of special linear subspaces associated to this orthogonality which are well respected by the relevant holomorphic maps and we obtain rigidity theorems by analyzing the images of these linear subspaces, together with techniques in projective geometry. Our method allows us to recover and generalize a number of well-known results in the field with simpler arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research involving people with dementia has highlighted the need to improve engagement in the conduct of interviews and focus groups. Projective and enabling techniques may be useful and avoid some of the drawbacks associated with direct questioning. However, researcher-driven projective techniques have not been extensively tested in research with people with dementia. In 2019, researchers in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and Poland received training and trialled projective and enabling techniques to collect data about dementia diagnostic and early post-diagnostic experiences. The techniques were used with a total of thirty people with dementia (aged 67–97 years) in online and face-to-face individual and dyadic interviews and a focus group. Word association activities supported brainstorming about the concepts of 'dementia' and 'support'. A researcher-driven photo elicitation technique was utilised to seek responses concerning a hypothetical couple at four time points: during a diagnostic conversation, and at 1, 6 and 12-month post-diagnosis. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed and interviewers created 'meta' mind maps of word associations and made reflective notes regarding participant engagement. Deductive content analysis was used to assess the value of the techniques to support a manageable, comprehensible and meaningful research experience. Word associations supported free-flowing conversations around the key research concepts. Photo elicitation techniques promoted empathy and supported personal reflections on the probable experiences and needs of the hypothetical couple. The techniques were also useful in eliciting reflections on personal experiences, societal responses to dementia, and recommendations for improving the diagnostic conversation and supports for the post-diagnostic period. Overall, the techniques appeared to lessen some of the demands of direct questioning but were not manageable or meaningful for all participants. Further research should explore the vast array of projective techniques and engage in greater co-design and tailoring of research approaches to enhance the toolkit of dementia researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work evaluates the use of artificial intelligence and its impact on student's academic performance at the University of Guayaquil (UG). The objective was to design and implement a predictive model to predict academic performance to anticipate student performance. This research presents a quantitative, non-experimental, projective, and predictive approach. A questionnaire was developed with the factors involved in academic performance, and the criterion of expert judgment was used to validate the questionnaire. The questionnaire and the Google Forms platform were used for data collection. In total, 1100 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, and 1012 responses were received, representing a response rate of 92%. The prediction model was designed in Gretl software, and the model fit was performed considering the mean square error (0.26), the mean absolute error (0.16), and a coefficient of determination of 0.9075. The results show the statistical significance of age, hours, days, and AI-based tools or applications, presenting p-values < 0.001 and positive coefficients close to zero, demonstrating a significant and direct effect on students' academic performance. It was concluded that it is possible to implement a predictive model with theoretical support to adapt the variables based on artificial intelligence, thus generating an artificial intelligence-based mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article focuses on assessing the capabilities of projective techniques, in gaining a deeper insight into complex university corporate brands. In particular, we will explore identities and how these might align with brand images in different departments and faculties. There are explicit calls for further research on projective techniques in new contexts in particular, and where and when they are most useful during data collection. Responding to this gap in the literature, this study adopts a two-staged approach to the research design utilizing qualitative projective techniques as a supplement to more traditional methods of data collection. This article provides an updated matrix on how qualitative projective techniques can be better utilized during the planning, research, and analysis stages of research in different contexts. This can be employed to assist inexperienced and experienced individuals with projective techniques during the planning, research, and analysis stages of research into corporate brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This work aimed to study the Village Test (VT) in a group of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and compare the results with those of a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls. Methods: A total of 50 patients with AD, 28 patients with MCI, and 38 controls were evaluated. All participants underwent the VT and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Results: The mean ages of the participants were 74.4 years for those with AD, 74 for those with MCI, and 70.2 for the controls. The AD group built smaller and essential villages with a scarce use of pieces, a poor use of dynamic pieces, and scarce use of human figures. All constructions were often concentrated in the center of the table. Conclusions: The villages built by the AD group represent a cognitive and affective coarctation and indicate a sense of existential disorientation and isolation. The VT is a useful aid for getting in touch with the inner emotional and existential states of patients with AD, and it could represent a complementary screening tool for orienting cognitive impairment diagnoses.

The article discusses the concept of positive psychological assessment and its contribution to mental health evaluation. It highlights the shift from a focus on pathology to a focus on strengths and positive attributes in human functioning. The article explores the use of projective techniques, such as the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and Sentence Completion measures, in assessing positive psychological states and responses. It also provides a list of measures commonly used in positive psychology research. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating positive psychology in mental health assessment and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose It can be challenging to research aspects of people’s health behaviour, attitudes, and emotions due to the sensitive nature of these topics. We aimed to develop a novel methodology for discussing sensitive health topics, and explore the effectiveness in focus groups using prostate cancer and screening as an example. Method We developed a fictitious case and employed it as a projective technique in focus groups on prostate cancer and screening. The participants were men and their partners who lived in Denmark. Results The technique encouraged emotional and cognitive openness in focus group discussions about the risk of prostate cancer, the benefits and harms of screening, and decision-making about screening. It appeared that using the fictitious case allowed the participants to personally distance themselves from the topic, project emotions onto the case, and thereby openly talk about their emotions. Conclusion This article presents a methodological contribution to communication about sensitive topics in focus groups, using prostate cancer screening as an example. Further refinement of the methodology is needed to enable participants to transfer improvements in knowledge to their own decision about screening.

L'objectif de cet article est d'illustrer, à partir d'un modèle psychanalytique de la résilience, une étude clinique projective approfondie d'une enfant exposée à la violence conjugale, puis à la séparation de ses parents, ainsi qu'à la maltraitance et aux carences infligées précocement par la figure maternelle. Le but est de mettre en évidence les fondements psychodynamiques de la résilience reliés principalement aux ressources internes de l'enfant mettant en jeu la richesse de son espace imaginaire, la qualité de sa mentalisation et la souplesse des mécanismes de défense mobilisés approchés par le test de Rorschach et le test des contes. Our aim is to present, using a psychanalytic theoretical model of resilience, the clinical projective study of a child facing domestic violence, separation from parents, child abuse and emotional deprivation generated by a maternal figure. We want to show psychodynamic roots of resilience related mainly to intrapsychic resources of the child. These resources are related to a wealth of imaginary space, quality of mentalization and flexibility of defense mechanisms approached by the Rorschach and the test of stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global (SCORS-G) has been used increasingly in multimethod psychological assessment contexts as a framework for eliciting personality information from narrative data collection techniques, the most popular of which is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Although research on the reliability and validity of the SCORS system has evolved over the last decade, there are numerous psychometric and procedural shortcomings (and corresponding ethical issues) that should be considered when applying this methodology to the TAT in clinical and research settings. Chief among these concerns is a lack of normative benchmarking, variability in TAT card batteries that are administered across contexts (which limit generalization and direct research comparisons), ambiguous reliability and validity evidence (and lack of incremental validity), and redundancy in published studies (i.e., versions of the same data/samples presented repeatedly across research). There is also a dearth of information about how SCORS-G data are influenced by factors such as culture, language, cognitive functioning, and other variables that may impact narrative output, word count, and richness (and subsequent interpretation and clinical decision making). The review concludes with a discussion of the ethical implications of using the SCORS-G in clinical practice, and recommendation for a moratorium on its use until minimum psychometric standards can be established and greater clarity is achieved surrounding its use with diverse and vulnerable populations. Public Significance Statement: The current article presents a critical review of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global (SCORS-G) system as applied to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) in clinical practice and research, and important ethical issues that should be considered. A moratorium on the SCORS-G as applied to the TAT is recommended until minimum psychometric standards can be established, and greater clarity is achieved surrounding its use with diverse and vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encouraging the consumption of natural foods with a high content of nutrients such as sprouts is a strategy that meets the nutritional guidelines of most countries. Considering that data on sprouts consumption in Brazil are scarce, the present study aimed to evaluate the perception of Brazilian participants about sprouts, correlating these data with the multidimensionality of food choice and motivations for novelties. The perception of 315 participants was evaluated, considering the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), Motivation to Eat New Foods scale, and the projective technique of Word Association (WA). Based on FCQ data, participants were subdivided into two distinct clusters with specific profiles. All factors' scores related to food choice showed significantly higher scores in Group 2. Sensory appeal was their most relevant factor. Both groups were highly motivated to approach new foods. In the WA task, the most mentioned categories were associated with product, health, and environmental aspects. Practical applications: The evaluation of consumers' perceptions about sprouts demonstrated that the inclusion of sprouts as part of the diet is feasible and aligns with the demands and motivations of Brazilian participants. As a practical application, it is suggested that strategies be developed to promote the consumption of sprouts based on sensory and nutritional aspects, as well as their relationship with health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active citizen participation in research is important to generate societal impact of outcomes. Even so, many times, the community input in these processes is limited or non-existent, and co-creation processes are often not documented. This paper describes a structured and systematised protocol to co-create a nature-based social prescribing intervention addressed to face loneliness in urban deprived neighbourhoods. As a result, a nature-based social prescription menu was co-developed with stakeholders from health, social prescription, nature, associative, and research sectors. The menu consists of open spaces and nature activities and will be offered to the participants of a randomised controlled trial to test actions for social prescribing in natural spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picture naming is a common tool in aphasia diagnosis and therapy. However, opinions differ as to which type of image (e.g., photographs, drawings) is most suitable for naming tasks and whether there is a difference on naming correctness and latencies based on image type. Moreover, recent studies have mainly analysed colour photographs and black-and-white line drawings leaving out image types like graphic representations that apply image features that can facilitate naming such as colour, controlled size, or texture. To shed more light on appropriate image types for persons with aphasia, we created graphic representations depicting nouns and verbs and compared them to photographic stimuli in a naming task including persons with aphasia (PWA) and a control group (CG). 33 PWA and 33 age matched persons (CG) participated in the study. Naming correctness and latencies were measured in two different conditions: concepts depicted as coloured photographs vs. as graphic representations. 128 pictures of linguistically controlled German-language concepts (64 nouns, 64 verbs) had to be named. The designed graphic stimuli were developed by professional designers based on photographs. The photographs were selected from stock image databases according to a defined image concept. This image concept was based on empirical findings regarding image features that facilitate naming (e.g., colour, texture, shading) and was applied to the selection of the photographs as well as to the creation of the graphic representations. The images were presented in pseudo-randomized sequences on a tablet and all reactions of the participants were videotaped. The data from the main study was analysed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and linear mixed models (LMM). Our analysis showed no significant difference in naming correctness and latencies between photographic and graphic stimuli. On average, PWA named terms presented as graphical representations more correctly than the photographs. But this difference was below the significance level. In our study we showed that graphic representations, when including image features that facilitate naming like colour, texture, and shading, can evoke the same naming performance as photographs. Graphic representations can thus be used in combination with photographs in an image set, especially when depicting concepts that benefit from reduced representation, e.g., verbs. We therefore advocate the transparent and methodologically stringent implementation of image features that facilitate naming when creating image stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]