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10. Hurricane disturbance drives trophic changes in neotropical mountain stream food webs.

Author

Gutiérrez‐Fonseca, Pablo E., Pringle, Catherine M., Ramírez, Alonso, Gómez, Jesús E., and García, Pavel

Subjects
*FOOD chains, *HURRICANES, *ECOLOGICAL disturbances, *FOREST litter, *ECOSYSTEM dynamics, *ALGAL communities, *FORESTED wetlands, *RIPARIAN plants, *LEAVES
Abstract

Food webs are complex ecological networks that reveal species interactions and energy flow in ecosystems. Prevailing ecological knowledge on forested streams suggests that their food webs are based on allochthonous carbon, driven by a constant supply of organic matter from adjacent vegetation and limited primary production due to low light conditions. Extreme climatic disturbances can disrupt these natural ecosystem dynamics by altering resource availability, which leads to changes in food web structure and functioning. Here, we quantify the response of stream food webs to two major hurricanes (Irma and María, Category 5 and 4, respectively) that struck Puerto Rico in September 2017. Within two tropical forested streams (first and second order), we collected ecosystem and food web data 6 months prior to the hurricanes and 2, 9, and 18 months afterward. We assessed the structural (e.g., canopy) and hydrological (e.g., discharge) characteristics of the ecosystem and monitored changes in basal resources (i.e., algae, biofilm, and leaf litter), consumers (e.g., aquatic invertebrates, riparian consumers), and applied Layman's community‐wide metrics using the isotopic composition of 13C and 15N. Continuous stream discharge measurements indicated that the hurricanes did not cause an extreme hydrological event. However, the sixfold increase in canopy openness and associated changes in litter input appeared to trigger an increase in primary production. These food webs were primarily based on terrestrially derived carbon before the hurricanes, but most taxa (including Atya and Xiphocaris shrimp, the consumers with highest biomass) shifted their food source to autochthonous carbon within 2 months of the hurricanes. We also found evidence that the hurricanes dramatically altered the structure of the food web, resulting in shorter (i.e., smaller food‐chain length), narrower (i.e., lower diversity of carbon sources) food webs, as well as increased trophic species packing. This study demonstrates how hurricane disturbance can alter stream food webs, changing the trophic base from allochthonous to autochthonous resources via changes in the physical environment (i.e., canopy defoliation). As hurricanes become more frequent and severe due to climate change, our findings greatly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forested stream trophic interactions amidst global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Across the Plains in 1844

Author

Pringle, Catherine Sager

Subjects
Across the Plains in 1844 (Nonfiction work), Literature/writing
Abstract

LibriVox recording of Across the Plains in 1844 by Catherine Sager Pringle. Read in English by Carol Pelster; Carol Pelster; Carol Pelster; Carol Pelster The Sager family, including seven children, [...]

Published
2021

35. Exploring social processes in transformation: the case of a collaborative water partnership in South Africa.

Author

Pringle, Catherine B., Meissner, Richard, Biggs, Reinette, Pahl-Wostl, Claudia, Stuart-Hill, Sabine, and Sitas, Nadia

Subjects
*SOCIAL processes, *GREEN infrastructure, *WATER management, *SOCIAL support, *STATE regulation
Abstract

We explore the social processes supporting transformation towards collaborative water governance in the uMngeni catchment, South Africa. Using Holling's adaptive cycle as a heuristic of phases (conservation, release, reorganisation and exploitation) present during transformation of social-ecological systems, we consider the role of learning, power, agency and structure during each phase of the evolution of the uMngeni Ecological Infrastructure Partnership (UEIP). The UEIP is a partnership between government, research institutions, and civil society groups that facilitates broader and more collaborative participation in water management. During the conservation phase, strong control power and institutional structure (denoted by a hierarchical governance mode embodying control and regulation by the State) limited the introduction of new ideas and reinforced single-loop learning. The release phase was triggered by a shock which weakened control power and permitted the introduction of new ideas thereby enabling double-loop learning. The changing conditions gave rise to protean power (defined as results of practices of agile actors coping with uncertainty) which enhanced the agency of key actors who began to mobilise others in a rapid phase of re-organisation. Triple-loop learning was evident in the exploitation phase as new collaborative institutions, that were better able to accommodate innovative ideas, began to emerge. We found the adaptive cycle helpful for delineating phases of change, while the four multi-faceted processes of learning, power, agency and structure proved useful in illuminating dynamics of change. This understanding may help to inform actions to steer transformations towards more sustainable and collaborative water governance in South Africa and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Regional Effects of Hydrologic Alterations on Riverine Macrobiota in the New World: Tropical–Temperate Comparisons : The massive scope of large dams and other hydrologic modifications in the temperate New World has resulted in distinct regional trends of biotic impoverishment. While neotropical rivers have fewer dams and limited data upon which to make regional generalizations, they are ecologically vulnerable to increasing hydropower development and biotic patterns are emerging

Author

PRINGLE, CATHERINE M., FREEMAN, MARY C., and FREEMAN, BYRON J.

Published
2000
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48. Biotic and abiotic variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: a global study

Author

Boyero, Luz, Pearson, Richard G., Hui, Cang, Gessner, Mark O., Pérez, Javier, Alexandrou, Markos A., Graça, Manuel A. S., Cardinale, Bradley J., Albariño, Ricardo J., Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy, Barmuta, Leon A., Boulton, Andrew J., Bruder, Andreas, Callisto, Marcos, Chauvet, Eric, Death, Russell G., Dudgeon, David, Encalada, Andrea C., Ferreira, Verónica, Figueroa, Ricardo, Flecker, Alexander S., Gonçalves, José F., Helson, Julie, Iwata, Tomoya, Jinggut, Tajang, Mathooko, Jude, Mathuriau, Catherine, M'Erimba, Charles, Moretti, Marcelo S., Pringle, Catherine M., Ramírez, Alonso, Ratnarajah, Lavenia, Rincon, José, and Yule, Catherine M.

Published
2016

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