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Currently, a tissue-engineered trachea has been popularly used as a biological graft for tracheal replacement in severe respiratory diseases. In the development of tissue-engineered tracheal scaffolds, in vitro studies play a crucial role in allowing researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scaffold designs and fabrication techniques before progressing to in vivo or clinical trials. This research involved the decellularization of goat trachea using SDS, H2O2, and their combinations. Various quantitative and qualitative assessments were performed, including histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical testing. Hematoxylin and eosin staining evaluated the cellular content, while safranin O-fast green and Masson’s trichrome staining assessed glycosaminoglycan content and collagen distribution, respectively. The immunohistochemical analysis focused on detecting MHC-1 antigen presence. Tensile strength measurements were conducted to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the decellularized scaffolds. The results demonstrated that the combination of SDS and H2O2 for goat tracheal decellularization yielded scaffolds with minimal cellular remnants, low toxicity, preserved ECM, and high tensile strength and elasticity. This method holds promise for developing functional tracheal scaffolds to address severe respiratory diseases effectively.

Background: Mature teratoma is a germinal cell tumor that is commonly found in ovaries and testis. Mature teratoma in the lung region is a rare case. According to the literature there are only 67 cases worldwide starting from 1939 to 2007. There were one cases in Dr. Soetomo general hospital during January 2013 – December 2017. Objective: Mature teratoma in the lung region is a rare case. Presenting in a case report would be beneficial for pathology database Case Presentation: A 19 years old man came to hospital with shortness of breath within 3 months ago. It was followed with hemoptysis, trichoptysis and coughing out tooth. CT Scan examination showed an irregular walled cavity with semisolid component and calcification along with a description of "air cresent sign". In thoracotomy tumor excision obtained multilobulated mass size 8.5x6,8x5,6 cm, yellowish-gray white color, and firm consistency. There were also hair and tooth components. The microscopic representation shows pieces of lung tissue with tumor growth coated with squamous epithel with a stroma containing adnexal skin glands, fatty tissue, cartilage tissue, and serous glands (asinar). Discussion: Mature teratoma of the lung is one of the rare tumors, with symptoms of chest pain, hemoptysis, and trichoptysis. Mature teratoma of the lung is generally cystic and multiloculated, but can also be solid, encapsulated. On microscopic examination, shows a picture of various components of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Conclusion: Mature teratoma of the lung is a rare tumor. Diagnosis was based from clinical findings, radiologic examination, and confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Tumor and its microenvironment can interact each other. Macrophage is part of tumor microenvironment. New drugs targeting specific superficial receptor of macrophage or cytokine of macrophage polarization have been found. Therefore, macrophage phenotype and its ratio of M1/M2 macrophage need to be identified. This identification could lead us to prognose breast cancer and monitor its therapy. Analytical observational study with cross sectional approach, conducted on paraffin block sample of breast carcinoma from Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. The samples divided into four groups based on nodal metastasis staging (N0, N1, N2, and N3) and stained with antibody against CD68 and CD163. The ratio of CD68 and CD163 were analyzed with Anova test. There were difference expression of CD68 as M1 macrophage marker in various axillary node metastasis groups (p=0.015). There were difference ratio of CD68 as M1 macrophage marker and CD163 as M2 macrophage marker in various axillary node metastasis groups (p=0.005). There were difference ratio of macrophage M1 and macrophage M2 between N0 and N3 group, N2 and N3 group also.