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In this work, we prepared [PNIPAM-co-PSA]) hydrogel using radical polymerization and evaluated the efficiency of MB adsorption. The hydrogel's morphological structure was evaluated using SEM. Investigation and evaluation of the effective adsorption of MB from hydrogel was conducted using the Plackett Burman design. Using the PBD technique, the effects of many factors were assessed, including pH, temperature,adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, time, and rpm. It was shown that the removal effectiveness of MB dye increased with larger values of adsorbent dosage, pH, and beginning dye concentration. The adsorbent dose of 0.05 g / 20 ml dye solution, initial dye concentration of 5 ppm, temperature of 90 °C, and 30-minute contact duration at 650 rpm in agreement with the theoretical (83%) and actual (84%) values of percentage dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the electrocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green dye using different nanocatalysts coated on stainless steel mesh. Nanocrystalline Zn0.5Co2.5O4/N-doped rGO composite was prepared via hydrothermal method. The phase purity, morphological and structural features were assessed using characterization techniques namely XRD and TEM analysis. Catalyst coated stainless steel electrode were employed for the electrocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye in 10mM NaCl electrolyte with application of potential and a current of 20V and 20mA respectively. The effect of NaCl electrolyte on the degradation rate have been studied. The decrease in the intensity of dye color was monitored by UV Visible spectrometer at different intervals of time. Malachite Green dye was completely degraded using these electrodes at 60 minutes. At 15 and 30 minutes, Zn0.5Co2.5O4/N-doped rGO composite coated stainless steel electrode showed higher rate over the uncoated stainless steel electrode. The products formed after electrocatalytic degradation were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The effect of the catalyst on the degradation rate was monitored and studied. The results were promising as the catalyst coated stainless steel electrode took less time compared to uncoated stainless steel electrode for the degradation of Malachite Green dye. The catalyst coated on the stainless steel mesh provides high surface area and better contact between catalysts and dye molecules with high electrochemical activity. This widens its applications for remediation of various textile effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work involves the photo catalytic reduction of Cd (II) from effluents using α- Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Cd (II) solutions were mixed with synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with appropriate processing conditions. The extent of reduction of Cd(II) were measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer. A three level three factor central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the effect of the three process variables namely initial concentration, catalyst dosage, pH on cadmium (II) reduction from aqueous solution. The design of 20 experiments was carried out to develop a quadratic model by linking the process factors to response. The use of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the adequacy of the model yielded model's regression coefficient R2 of 0.993 and F-value of 158.41. These are indicative of the model's adequacy to navigate the design space. The optimum conditions of initial concentration (2ppm), catalyst dosage (150mg), pH (4) were obtained from the desirability function. It was observed that 94.43% of Cd (II) could be reduced to Cd (0) in 150 minutes using α- Fe2O3 catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method for the synthesis of flexible bio based porous polyurethane is reported in this investigation. Polyol used for the synthesis of polyurethane was derived from soybean oil and nanocellulose were derived from pineapple leaves. Further nanocellulose was surface functionalized by silylation. These functionalized nanocellulose was incorporated as filler into the prepared polyurethane matrix to enhance the adsorption efficiency of the polymer nanocellulose composites. The synthesized bio-based polyol from soybean oil, nanocellulose from pineapple leaves and the bio based porous polyurethane nanocellulose composite (BPPUC) were characterized by various analytical techniques such as NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), and XRD (X-Ray diffraction). Simulated waste water containing Methylene blue (MB, cationic dye), Rhodamine B (RH-B, fluorescent dye) was used to study the adsorption characteristics of the prepared flexible BPPUC using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It was found that the prepared composites showed selective adsorption towards rhodamine B over methylene blue and maximum adsorption capacity for Rhodamine B was found to be 271 mg/g of functionalized nanocellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-storeyed buildings and tall structures are subjected to lateral loads due to earthquake. These loads cause the failure of structures if buildings are not designed according to seismic standards. To avoid such failures due to up-gradation of seismic zones or additions to buildings, retrofitting is adopted to increase the strength of existing buildings. Bracing systems are suitable for tall structures. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies conducted on a scaled-down three-dimensional model fabricated with and without bracings. The acceleration versus time graph results of the experimental studies is compared with the results of ABAQUS. FEM model is updated to match time history responses of acceleration in the two analyses. Experimental dynamic analysis is carried out with the help of a shake table apparatus. The model is connected to accelerometers ADXL345 on each floor and these accelerometers are connected to the Arduino Uno board. Numerical experiments were conducted for different configurations of braces. The ABAQUS results show that displacement is reduced by 72.9 percent, 75.8 percent for diagonal bracing and X bracing in alternate floors, 79.5 percent and 80.8 percent for diagonal bracing and X bracing in all floors. Non-destructive tests are conducted on an existing multi-storeyed building at MSRUAS to obtain existing strength parameters and were implemented in the model of the building. The building is analyzed with and without bracings and displacements are compared. It was found that displacements reduced with an increase in base shear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work an effort will be made to fabricate a hybrid metal matrix composite to study its mechanical properties. The Hybrid metal matrix composite will be prepared by taking Aluminium 6061 as a matrix and Boron-carbide (B4C) and graphite as a ceramic material by stir casting technique. The microstructure test is to be carried out using optical microscope to check the homogeneous distribution of ceramic materials. The addition of ceramic material increases the hardness value of the material. Mechanical testing will be carried out like Impact, hardness, flexural, fatigue and the test results will be compared with the pure Aluminium as casted. The composite material showing the best characteristics during the testing will be researched further for the development in industrial applications. From the results, the specimen number 4 (88%Al;9%B4C & 3%Gr) has shown the best results and can be proceeded for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare remineralization potential of novel calcium sensitive Casein, fluoridated and non-fluoridated dentifrice using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 45 extracted maxillary first premolars, which were collected according to the inclusion criteria and stored in 10% formalin solution followed by demineralization process. Acrylic embedded teeth blocks were prepared and randomly divided in 3 groups: Group A: fluoridated dentifrice, Group B: non-fluoridated dentifrice and Group C: novel Calcium sensitive Casein dentifrice. All the samples were subjected to remineralization process using pH cycling model for 28 days. DIAGNOdent® pen measurement were obtained at three different time intervals i.e., before demineralization, after demineralization and remineralization. Specimens were observed under SEM after demineralization and remineralization procedure. The results that were obtained on DIAGNOdent® pen measurements before and after treatment showed the Casein group was statistically significant than fluoridated group (p<0.020). Casein dentifrice showed highest remineralization, as opposed to fluoridated and non-fluoridated dentifrice and thus can be used for the management of initial carious lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives are prominent molecules in pharmaceutical industries for their various medicinal properties. Among various heterocyclic moieties benzo[4, 5]imidazo[2, 1-b]thiazole has gained lot of interest of synthetic organic chemist and biologist due to their potent pharmacological activities. The present work involves an efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of Bromomalonaldehyde from 1,1,3,3,-tetromethoxypropane and bromine under mild conditions. Further 2-mercaptobenzimidazole carbaldehyde synthesis from Bromomalonaldehyde and 2-marcaptobenzimidazole. Further condensation of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole carbaldehyde with primary amines yields novel Schiff base of benzo[4, 5]imidazo[2, 1-b]thiazole. All the synthesized compounds have been supported by infra-red spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic spectrum and LC-M S spectral data for structural confirmation. The newly synthesized compounds have been screened for their antioxidant studies by DPPH method. Compound Benzo[4, 5]imidazo[2, 1-b]thiazole-2-carbaldehyde showed 95% inhibiton for 500 µg/lit when compared to 7-Nitrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carbaldehyde which showed 85% inhibton for 500 µg/ml. Among the sythesised Schiff bases, compound 1-(benzo[4,5]imida zole[2,1-b]thia zole-2-yl)-N -(4-nitrophenyl)methanimine showed 97.5% inhibition for 800 µg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co(II) metal complexes of 2-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylthio)methyl)-5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (mmitmbz) were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, molar conductance and CHN analyses. Based on spectral characterization, tetrahedral geometry has been proposed for synthesized compounds. Synthesized Co(II) complexes gave better response than ligand when plant growth development activities were studied using Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB's) of Oncidium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthesis of novel ethyl 7-amino-3-benzoylindolizine-1-carboxylate derivatives has been described using 4-aminopyridine and different phenacyl bromides in acetone and fallowed by reacting with electron-deficient acetylenes in the presence of potassium carbonate base with anhydrous DMF solvent. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectroscopic techniques and studied there in vitro antioxidant properties using a DPPH scavenging method. The compound ethyl 7-amino-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl) indolizine-1-carboxylate has shown good antioxidant potent. The compound ethyl 7-amino-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indolizine-1-carboxylate, ethyl 7-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl)indolizine-1-carboxylate and ethyl 7-amino-3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)indolizine-1-carboxylate has very potent to anti-bacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is a major health problem affecting both adults and children. Prevention of dental caries is a priority in dental services. Fluoride varnish is one of the known delivery system in the prevention of dental caries. But fluoride varnish is associated with certain drawbacks like dental fluorosis, discoloration of teeth, gingival burning sensation and development of contact allergy. Hence, a novel varnish containing isolated cocoa components like catechin and epicatechin was formulated which is natural and safe. The developed novel varnish was evaluated for biocompatibility and drug release profile. The biocompatibility of the developed varnish was evaluated using MTT (3-(4) 5-Dimethyl-thiazol-Zyl) - 2, 5 biphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay at different dilutions (2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%). The drug release profile of the formulation was evaluated using UV-Spectrometer at different time intervals (30mins, 1hr, 2hrs, 3hrs and 4hrs). The result shows that the developed varnish has excellent biocompatibility and sustained drug release from 30mins till 4hrs of time intervals. Based on the data, we can conclude that the developed dental varnish can be used clinically without any toxicity for prevention of dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken Egg Shell contains calcium phosphate which may mimic bone composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate remineralization efficiency of Chicken Eggshell Powder (CEP) on demineralized human tooth enamel in-vitro using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). In this study a window of 3x3 mm on 15 extracted human teeth were prepared and demineralized for 48 hours to create artificial early carious lesions on the enamel. The teeth were assigned randomly to three study groups of 5 teeth each and the groups being artificial saliva, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CEP. The samples were then subjected to 4 remineralising demineralizing cycles of 2 hours each and prepared for evaluation under SEM and EDX analysis. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The statistically evaluated results revealed that the levels of calcium in the teeth treated with CEP was higher than the teeth treated with CPP-ACP but the calcium-phosphate ratio showed no significant difference. The results confirmed CEP as a potential biomaterial for remineralization of early carious lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the biocompatibility of cranberry and grape seed extract as intracanal medicaments (ICM). Gel form of intracanal medicaments were formulated using cranberry and grape seed extract to which carbopol was added as a biocompatible polymer. Formulated intracanal medicaments were evaluated for biocompatibility and compared with commercially available Chlorhexidine gel intracanal medicament. Intracanal medicaments were divided into four study groups i.e., Group I containing cranberry ICM, GroupII containing grape seed ICM, Group III containing chlorhexidene gel, and Group IV containing saline as control, for the evaluation of biocompatibility property using MTT (3-(4) 5-Dimethyl-thiazol-Zyl) - 2,5 biphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The present study suggests that ICM containing Grape seed extract (67.08%) showed least cell inhibition followed by cranberry extract ICM(73.37%) and chlorhexidene gel ICM (78.71%) at maximum concentration of 320mg/ml. ICM containing Grape seed extract and cranberry extract showed good biocompatibility and can be used as alternate to commercially available chlorhexidine gel ICM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In medicinal chemistry, nitrogen atom containing molecules have gained a lot of attention as they possess diverse biological properties. Dihydropyrimidinone is one such pharmacologically important molecule possessing several properties such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, anti-depressant, anti-tumor etc. A series of substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives have been synthesized via classical Biginelli condensation reaction using 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate with chloroacetic acid as catalyst. The formed dihydropyrimidinone esters were subjected to oxidation using 60% nitric acid. These oxidized esters were then chlorinated using POCl3 via functional group conversion of C=O to C-Cl on the dihydropyrimidinone moiety. Later, different amino acids and amine groups were fused to the chloro substituted pyrimidine using potassium carbonate as base and DMF as the solvent to synthesis a series of eight novel derivatives. The compounds were obtained with good yield and were structurally characterized using 1H NMR and LC-MS. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria) using Agar Well Diffusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to design a liquid bandage containing ginger extract and to evaluate its physical and chemical characteristics. The liquid bandage containing Ginger extract (LBGE) was formulated and its physico-chemical characterization was carried out. Physical characteristics like pH, viscosity, drying time, surface morphology and chemical characteristics like drug release at different time intervals were assessed. Surface morphology was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and drug release studies were assessed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that pH of formulated LBGE was 6, drying time was 55seconds and viscosity was 6cps at 30rpm. SEM images indicated a smooth and uniform spray pattern. The liquid bandage film was found to be intact at the end of 24 hours. Cumulative drug dissolution was found to be 3.67% at the end of 24 hours. Based on the result we can conclude that LBGE possess satisfactory physical characteristics and drug release to provide the therapeutic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study antimicrobial property of intracanal medicament (ICM) containing oregano essential oil (OEO) were assessed. Intracanal medicament containing oregano essential oil were prepared at two concentrations of 25% (F1) and 50% (F2). Minimum inhibitory activity of the essential oil against bacteria and fungi were assessed by microbroth dilution method. Antimicrobial activity of the formulations and standards were tested against Prevotella. Intermedia, Enterococcus fecalis and Candida albicans by well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ciprofloxacin and OEO against P. intermedia, showed 0.25ug/ml and 25ug/ml; against E. fecalis were 0.5ug/ml and 25ug/ml respectively. MIC of itraconazole and OEO against C. albicans were 6.25ug/ml and 12.5ug.ml, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of ICM containing 25% (F1) and 50% (F2) concentration of OEO was assessed. Inhibitory activity of F1 and F2 showed lesser zone of inhibition against both P. intermedia and E. fecalis as compared to standard. F1 showed 26mm and F2 showed 22mm of zone of inhibition against C.albicans, which is lesser than standard, 30mm. In case of E.fecalis F1 showed 24mm and F2 showed 16mm of zone of inhibition in comparison to the zone of inhibition of standard 30mm. For the inhibitory activity against P.intermedia, F1 showed 24mm and F2 showed 13mm with standard 35mm zone of inhibition. The study reveals that F1 is more effective in eliminating secondary infections that are caused by C. albicans during endodontic treatment. F1 and F2 can also be used to treat infections caused by E. fecalis and P.intermedia with lesser action compared to standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive usage of human umbilical cord blood serum (hUCBS) for cellular therapy is a rapidly growing field in regenerative medicine. hUCBS extract was prepared according to the desired protocol. The aim of the study was to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of hUCBS and M ineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) on Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LB).The test organisms used were S. mutans ATCC 25175 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314. The standard test compound usedwas Ciprofloxacin and controltest sample was MTA. The treated plate with SM was incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Treated LB plate was incubated anaerobically in anaerobic chamber at 37°C for 24-48 hours and Optical Density (OD) at 590 nm was measured in Tecan plate reader. MIC was determined as minimum concentration of the drug giving 50% inhibition of OD as compared with control. MTA showed inhibition against SM and LB with MIC of 2.5µg/ml and 10µg/ml respectively while hUCBS showed inhibition against both test organisms with MIC of 15.75µg/ml. Although MTA shows MIC at lower percent concentration, hUCBS being a biological extract also shows potent antimicrobial sensitivity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This would allow achieving important clinical effects with reduced toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the surface substructure, inorganic and organic components present in partially demineralized tooth bone graft material in young and old, male and female subjects, which may vary due to formation of secondary dentin suggesting decrease in calcium content as we age. A total of 34 extracted teeth were collected, 15 belonging to young patients and, the remaining 15 belonging to old patients, and, divided into 4 subgroups and a 4 control group. All the samples were cleaned, washed, air dried and powdered and demineralized. However the control group having 4 samples each was not demineralized. The samples were subjected to Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for surface substructure and inorganic component analysis, and Bradford Assay to assess the protein content. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of dentinal tubules, collagen and, dense crystals of hydroxyapatite in young subject samples, however in old subjects' collagen fibers were not visible, and hydroxyapatite crystals randomly scattered in clusters. The EDS results showed statistical significance in the Calcium Phosphorus ratio between the groups. Bradford Assay, showed higher concentration of proteins in female subject samples irrespective of age. It can be concluded that inorganic analysis showed young subjects had more densely packed hydroxyapatite crystals and slightly higher Calcium Phosphorus ratio and, high protein concentration was seen in female subjects' samples irrespective of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal activity of two hydrogel patches and evaluate their effectiveness in treating oral candidiasis. Three different hydrogels were prepared (2 test groups and a control group). A Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) hydrogel was formulated which was used as the control. The two test groups consisted of HPMC gel into which Fluconazole was incorporated, and the second group consisted of HPMC gel incorporated with tea tree oil. The amount of drug released from the formulation was calculated. The biocompatibility of the samples was assessed using MTT assay on UMR106 cell lines that were cultured on DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium). The viability of these cells was assessed for 24 hrs. The Tea tree oil, Fluconazole and control group showed half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 228.5µg/ml, 168.6 µg/ml and 90.34 µg/ml inhibition on UMR106 cells respectively. The highest inhibition was seen with tea tree followed by fluconazole. The antifungal activity of hydrogels was evaluated using well diffusion method where the zone of inhibition was observed. Fluconazole patch showed 09±0.0mm and tea tree showed 08±0.0mm inhibition on Potato Dextrose Broth. The addition of both Tea tree Oil and Fluconazole has an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans and can be used in preventing denture candidiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fabricate and compare the effectiveness of a hydrogel incorporated with Benzocaine and Aloe Vera for wound healing. An in-vitro study was conducted with three different formulations of hydrogel, Group 1 (control group), benzocaine group (Group2) and aloe Vera group (Group3) of 1x1cm dimension. The physical and chemical parameters were observed to assess the efficiency of the hydrogel for wound healing in –vitro. The physical examination all the benzocaine hydrogel patch samples appeared smooth, colourless and whereas; Aloe Vera incorporated hydrogel was granular had odour similar to fenugreek seeds. The scratch test revealed mean migration rate of 10.69 µm/hr in group1 while group 2 and group 3 showed 16.25 and 13.19 respectively. The MTT assay showed cell cytotoxicity rate in UMR106 cells with IC50 values inhibition of 90.34 µg/ml, 96.03µg/ml, and 81.99µg/ml in control group, group1 and group 2 respectively. The Aloe Vera patches were the most biocompatible among the 3 groups and, Benzocaine hydrogel showed the fastest cell migration rate. The evaluation of physical properties concluded that both Aloe Vera and Benzocaine hydrogel can be used for drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium hydroxide is one of most commonly used in dental procedures. Chicken eggshell powder is a natural calcium rich source having anabolic effects on human bone. It can be used for treatment of osteoporosis, a scaffold for tissue engineering, as bone graft material, as bioceramic, and for remineralization of enamel. Five chicken eggshells were cleaned and disinfected in hot water bath at a temperature of 100°C for 15minutes. These were dried and ground to powder and later subjected to probe-sonication. The characteristics of prepared egg shell powder (ESP) was studied by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental analysis was performed and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was done to identify the functional groups and the bonds in the eggshell powder and compared with Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2), Biodentine®and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) material. SEM results showed ESP particles as huge, porous and distributed. The EDX results showed Ca/P ratio 1.64 for ESP.FTIR analysis of set ESP showed more of apatite nature. The characteristics ESP was approving of its apatite nature and could be strategic in management of vital pulp tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetics formulations used to enhance the human appearance are popular since ages and herbal, natural based cosmetics are gaining more attention recently. This increased attention is because of their non-toxic, safe perception. In this present research we had formulated herbal cream possessing the properties of moisturizing, nourishing, lightening and treating various skin ailments. Different Schiff base active ingredients, N-(4-methoxybenzylidine aniline), Montanova-68, Glycerin monostearate, Coconut oil, Glycerin, citric acid and perfume orange fresh were taken, stability testing of final sample has been conducted in the environmental chamber with temperature 25 ± 2°C and humidity 60 ± 5 % RH. All the products were found to be stable with no signs of phase separation and no change in the color. The patch test for sensitivity testing has also been done and no evidence of skin irritation and allergic signs were reported. The current work bases mainly on the assessment of the microbial quality of formulated cosmetic preparations. All the prepared novel formulations were found to comply with the stated cosmeceutical guidelines. Thus, herbal cosmetics formulation is proved to be safe for human usewith notable performance properties for skin-health improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexavalent chromium removal from electroplating rinse solution onto a strong base anion exchanger Tulsion A-722(MP) is reported under various experimental parameters such as initial Cr(VI) concentration, contact time and pH of the medium. Batch studies were performed for the resin Tulsion A-722(MP) by using UV-visible spectrophotometer and adsorption followed Beer-Lambert's law. Studies have shown that the equilibrium was reached after 300 minutes of contact with the resin. The adsorption process is a pH dependent and showed maximum removal of Cr(VI) at pH 8.2 for an initial concentration of 0.03758 M from electroplating rinse solution. The maximum removal rate of Cr(VI) on the resin was described by kinetic experiments. The plots of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms gave ion exchange capacity and extent of adsorption of Cr(VI) on Tulsion A-722 (MP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method for structural, optical and photocatalytic studies. These nanoparticles were characterized by various physiochemical techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDAX, and UV-DRS. Cubic spinel structure with Fd-3m space group has been confirmed by XRD studies. FTIR confirms the vibrational stretching frequencies of tetrahedral (580 cm-1) and octahedral (397 cm−1) sites. SEM images show the agglomerated nature of ferrite nanoparticles and EDAX spectrum confirms the elemental compositions present in the prepared samples. UV-DRS spectrum shows that the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are visible active material. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Evans blue dye was evaluated under visible light irradiation. The prepared nanoparticles showed good activity for the degradation of dyes which confirms that these nanoparticles can be useful for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we are reporting the synthesis of zirconium gadolinium oxide nanoparticle by using solution combustion route using gadolinium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate as an oxidiser and ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA) as fuel. The primary aim is to establish a facile solution combustion reaction to produce zirconium gadolinium oxide nanoparticle using zirconyl nitrate and EDTA as precursors for the first time and study of its photo catalytic activity against anionic and cationic dyes in presence of UV light.The PXRD data reveals the construction of pure Zr1.49 Gd 1.49 O5.21 nanoparticle with cubic phase having crystallite size∼18.36 nm. SEM images exhibit highly porous nature of the product. BET surface area analysis of Zr1.49 Gd 1.49 O5.21 nanoparticle shows relatively large surface area of 12.89 m2 g−1. Transmission electron microscopy exhibits identical particle size distribution with average particle sizes varying in the range of 20-100 nm. The band gap of 344.4 nm is calculated using the diffuse reflectance spectrum of Zr1.49Gd 1.49 O5.21. The photoluminescence spectrum of Zr1.49 Gd 1.49 O5.21 nanoparticle shows emission peak at 467.2 nm. The photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) using Zr1.49 Gd 1.49 O5.21 as photocatalyst showed 80 % of decolourisation in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The electrochemical studies using cyclic voltametry revealed, significant increase in current density of Zr1.49 Gd 1.49 O5.21 electrode when compared with bare carbon electrode and the simultaneous increase in redox current for the Zr1.49 Gd 1.49 O5.21 electrodes with increasing scan rate from 10 mVs-1 to 90 mVs−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]