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The relevance of the study is due to the growth of social symptoms of aggression directed forwards the Self, which is especially visible in environment of young people. The presented article is aimed at research relations between value orientations and social attitudes among youths and adolescents prone to auto-aggressive behavior. The methodological basis of the research corresponds to Jadov's dispositional conception of personality. Considerable interrelations between value orientations and social attitudes of youths and adolescents prone to auto-aggressive behavior are discovered. The results of the study may be useful for diagnostics of auto-aggression among young people in educational organizations and for psychological consulting of the cases related to auto-aggressive behavior.

Simple Summary: Radical pancreatectomies with superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection without portal-to-superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) reconstruction are scarcely discussed in the literature. The existing data contain around 15 cases published with unclear oncological results and algorithms of patients' selection. In the present report, we analyzed the short- and long-term results of 19 consecutive pancreatectomies with SMV resection without PV/SMV reconstruction for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and discussed the role of CT-based preoperative reconstructions and selection criteria for radical and safe surgery in this highly specific group of patients. The "vein definition" for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (LA PDAC) assumes portal-to-superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) unreconstructability due to tumor involvement or occlusion. Radical pancreatectomies with SMV resection without PV/SMV reconstruction are scarcely discussed in the literature. Retrospective analysis of 19 radical pancreatectomies for "low" LA PDAC with SMV and all its tributaries resection without PV/SMV reconstruction has shown zero mortality; overall morbidity—56%; Dindo–Clavien—3–10.5%; R0—rate—82%; mean operative procedure time—355 ± 154 min; mean blood loss—330 ± 170 mL; delayed gastric emptying—25%; and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula—8%. In three cases, surgery was associated with superior mesenteric (n2) and common hepatic artery (n1) resection. Surgery was completed without vein reconstruction (n13) and with inferior mesenteric-to-splenic anastomosis (n6). There were no cases of liver, gastric, or intestinal ischemia. A specific complication of the SMV resection without reconstruction was 2–3 days-long intestinal edema (48%). Median overall survival was 25 months, and median progression-free survival was 18 months. All the relapses, except two, were distant. The possibility of successful SMV resection without PV/SMV reconstruction can be predicted before surgery by CT-based reconstructions. The mandatory anatomical conditions for the procedure were as follows: (1) preserved SMV-SV confluence; (2) occluded SMV for any reason (tumor or thrombus); (3) well-developed inferior mesenteric vein collaterals with dilated intestinal veins; (4) no right-sided vein collaterals; and (5) no varices in the upper abdomen. Conclusion: "Low" LA PDACs involving SMV with all its tributaries can be radically and safely resected in highly and specifically selected cases without PV/SMV reconstruction with an acceptable survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key challenge of cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA) analysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is overcoming its low detection rate, which is mainly explained by the overall scarcity of this biomarker in plasma. Obstructive jaundice is a frequent event in PDAC, which enables bile collection as a part of routine treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of KRAS-mutated cftDNA detection-based liquid biopsy of plasma and bile in patients with pancreatic neoplasms using digital droplet PCR. The study included healthy volunteers (n = 38), patients with PDAC (n = 95, of which 20 had obstructive jaundice) and other pancreatic neoplasms (OPN) (n = 18). The sensitivity and specificity compared to the control group were 61% and 100% (AUC-ROC—0.805), and compared to the OPN group, they were 61% and 94% (AUC-ROC—0.794), respectively. Bile exhibited higher cftDNA levels than plasma (248.6 [6.743; 1068] vs. 3.26 [0; 19.225] copies/mL) and a two-fold higher detection rate (p < 0.01). Plasma cftDNA levels were associated with distant metastases, tumor size, and CA 19-9 (p < 0.05). The probability of survival was worse in patients with higher levels of cftDNA in plasma (hazard ratio—2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.6; p = 0.005) but not in bile (p > 0.05). Bile is a promising alternative to plasma in patients with obstructive jaundice, at least for the diagnostic purposes of liquid biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific paper provides a comparative analysis of the development level of the transport infrastructure in the Russian Federation constituents of the Southern Federal District. The analysis of the statistical data on the transport activity shows an increase in the volume of transport services in Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar from 2012 to 2018. In Volgograd region and Astrakhan Oblast there is a decrease by 22% and 6% respectively. With regard to the motor hard surface highways per 1000 km2 there is a significant difference between the Russian Federation constituents in the Southern Federal District. The gap in the values of indicators in Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don and other regions reaches 50%. In addition, a direct relationship between the social indicators and the volume of transport services for the period under consideration has been identified. In order to assess the development level of the region's transport and logistics infrastructure an integral indicator has been calculated based on the calculation of the relative coefficients of the transport activity in the Russian Federation constituents. As a result, the study shows that the highest value of the integral indicator characterizing the development level of the vehicular transport infrastructure is in Krasnodar Territory, the lowest value is in the Republic of Kalmykia. It should be noted that there is a significant imbalance in the development level of the transport and logistics infrastructure in different regions, which determines their different investment attractiveness and social and economic progress.

The article shows the relationship between the logistics infrastructure of the Ural Federal District and the economic indicators of both the Russian Federation and the district. The parameters of the logistics infrastructure included indicators of its warehouse, transport, financial, and informational components. The analyzed data are for 2004-2018. To exclude redundant variables, they were tested for normality, multicollinearity, and the measure of the relationship with dependent indicators was assessed. The research method is multiple regression analysis. The study has proved that the relationship between economic indicators and independent variables can be represented as a linear multiple regression model. Based on the models obtained, the significant influence of the transport component of the logistics infrastructure of the Ural Federal District on the economic indicators of the country and the district is shown. The creation of logistics infrastructure development programs based on the results obtained will promote the socio-economic development and investment attractiveness of the district.

In the Internet of things, many data transfer protocols are used for various tasks. In this article, we consider the application layer protocols that are the main ones for transmitting messages in the IoT. The main problems are unpredictability, lack of stability of data transmission delays, and non-determinism, which are also important for real-time systems. The purpose of this study is to determine the most appropriate middleware and data transfer protocol for systems with high data transfer requirements, including real-time systems. Therefore, MQTT, RTPS, JMS, and AMQP protocols were analyzed in order to find out what tasks these protocols should be used for and whether they can be used in robotic and autonomous systems where high data transmission requirements are imposed. To evaluate the protocols, the standards were analyzed to determine the pros and cons, and the software implementations of each of them were selected. To assess the characteristics of data transmission, we have developed our own test scenarios that simulate complex situations. The behavior of software solutions is analyzed and a comparative analysis is made based on the obtained data. Together, the theoretical analysis of protocols and the study of software solutions allow us to conclude on the applicability of a particular protocol in real-time systems. As a result of the study, we can conclude that RTPS is the best solution for real-time systems with different traffic and MQTT performs well when transmitting short messages. But none of the protocols under consideration guarantees the determinism of data transmission, so it is better to use specialized link-layer protocols to obtain guarantees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to an actual problem of integration interaction of educational institutions of various levels. The concepts of integration and pedagogical interaction are analyzed; the features and the intrinsic characteristics which are showing in modern conditions of a development of education are marked out in this article. The question of mechanisms of realization of integration interaction is designated there. The distance interactive courses devoted to development of innovative models of education are offered as one of the possible mechanisms of realization of integration interaction of pedagogical higher education institution and establishments of the general education. The development of innovative models of education is considered in two directions: on the one hand, the role of pedagogical higher education institution in the spread of innovations and rendering the methodical help to teachers in their development is allocated; on the other hand, the way of integration interaction, in particular, the use of Moodle environment and Adobe Connect system, can be considered as innovative. Possibilities of Moodle ("Modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment") as environments of distance learning which is intended for development and placement of training and methodical materials in the Internet/the Intranet network and the organization of educational process on their basis, and also Adobe Connect as flexible system of the distributed training and communication with use of technologies of the web communications, allowing to provide a possibility of teaching, training and collaboration at any distance on the Internet are characterized in the article. The feature of the research is design and realization of distance learning on the basis of a Moodle environment and Adobe Connect system combination in online modes and offline, use of interactive models of occupations. The results of research received during training of teachers at distance advanced training courses on development of innovative models of education in the conditions of implementation of Federal State Educational Standards, National Educational Projects and Initiatives are described in the article.

This study looked at the thermal conductivity of translucent (Y1−xGdx)2O3 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solution ceramics in the temperature range from 50 K to 300 K. The samples were obtained by hot pressing from high-purity nanopowders at 1600 °C, no sintering additives were used. Compositions with cubic syngony (x ≤ 0.7) and a monoclinic one (x ≥ 0.9) were investigated. Furthermore, a dense sample of cubic Gd2O3 with a LiF sintering additive was obtained and its thermal conductivity was determined (k = 11.7 W/(m K) at 300 K). It was shown that in the range of solid solution ceramic compositions 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7, the thermal conductivity was practically unchanged and close to the value k ≈ 5 W/(m K) at 300 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ignition of a lean hydrogen–oxygen premixture by focused-laser-induced breakdown and subsequent three-dimensional expanding-flame instabilities are simulated in high detail. Both diffusive–thermal and hydrodynamic (Darrieus–Landau) instabilities are active and accelerate the flame expansion. The fluid is a partially-ionized gas in local thermodynamic equilibrium with detailed kinetics and transport models, starting from initial conditions from an auxiliary simulation based on a two-temperature local thermodynamic non-equilibrium model. After the decay of the initial laser-induced plasma, the r ∼ t 1.5 growth in time of the flame radius matches theory and experimental observations. Based on hydrodynamic theory for spherical-flame propagation, a global Karlovitz number is defined as the ratio of the hydrodynamic to flame-distortion time scales. It initially increases during the diffusive–thermal instability stage, then with the onset of significant baroclinic torque, this trend reverses, with vorticity production becoming the dominant mechanism of instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method is proposed for calculations of rare-event rocket combustion instabilities. Acceleration of the combustion chamber is modeled as a stochastic process of long duration and moderate amplitude. Using a simplified model for the effect of acceleration on the evolution of the first tangential mode of pressure within the chamber, a modified sampling distribution is obtained that yields higher occurrence of the rare event: in this case, growth to instability. Statistics are then calculated for the original distribution of the stochastic process using an importance sampling procedure. Knowledge of the likelihood ratios between the real and modified probability density functions allows a low-cost computation of the probability of the rare event of triggering the combustion instability by low-amplitude acceleration fluctuations. There are two distinct regimes of high and low probabilities of triggering, with a critical acceleration amplitude threshold between them; in the low-probability regime, the probability of triggering increases exponentially with increasing acceleration amplitude. The probability of triggering increases with increasing duration of the stochastic acceleration. This method of low-probability event analysis can be extended to other instability-triggering mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probability of a liquid-propulsion rocket motor to develop screeching instability is studied computationally. The combustion chamber is accelerated as a rigid body using a prescribed acceleration time history; it is found that accelerations of proper magnitude, duration, and frequency induce a pressure wave inside the combustion chamber that grows to a screeching acoustic wave limit cycle. For a rectangular rocket motor, a reciprocating transverse acceleration leads to the development of a transverse pressure wave limit cycle; for a cylindrical rocket motor, the limit cycle may be either a standing wave, for a transverse reciprocating acceleration, or a spinning wave, for a transverse rotating acceleration. It is found that a limit cycle may be induced by either a large acceleration pulse of short duration or a smaller acceleration pulse of a longer duration. The polynomial chaos expansion method is used to study the probability of growth to a limit-cycle oscillation when the amplitude and frequency of the transverse acceleration pulse are random. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion stability of a liquid-propellant rocket engine experiencing a random, finite perturbation from steady-state conditions is examined. The probability is estimated for a nonlinear resonant limit-cycle oscillation to be triggered by a random disturbance. Transverse pressure waves are considered by using a previously published two-dimensional nonlinear pressure wave equation coupled with Euler equations governing the velocity components. The cylindrical combustion chamber is a complex system containing multiple co-axial methane–oxygen injectors; each co-axial jet is analysed for mixing and burning on its own local grid scheme, with the energy release rate coupled to the wave oscillation on the more global grid. Two types of stochastic forcing for the random disturbance are explored: a travelling Gaussian pressure pulse and an oscillating pressure dipole source. The random variables describing the pulse are magnitude, location, duration and orientation of the disturbances. The polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method is used to determine the long-time behaviour and infer the asymptote of the solution to the governing partial differential equations. Depending on the random disturbance, the asymptote could be the steady-state solution or a limit-cycle oscillation, e.g. a first tangential travelling wave mode. The asymptotic outcome is cast as a stochastic variable which is determined as a function of input random variables. The accuracy of the PCE application is compared with a Monte Carlo calculation and is shown to be significantly less costly for similar accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This chapter offers the first full translation from Russian to English of the Balance of the National Economy of the USSR, 1924-26's first chapter. Involving 12 authors and composed of 21 chapters, the Balance is a collective work published in June 1926 in Moscow by the Soviet Central Statistical Administration under the scientific supervision of its former director, Pavel Illich Popov (1872-1950). In this first chapter, titled 'Studying the Balance of the National Economy: An Introduction', Popov set the theoretical foundations of what might be considered as the first modern national accounting system and paved the way to multi-sector macroeconometric modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear, transverse-mode, liquid-propellant-rocket-motor combustion instability is examined with a two-dimensional model. The three-dimensional equations are integrated over the axial direction, for a multi-orifice short nozzle. Nonlinear transverse-wave oscillations in the circular combustion chamber are examined with the primary flow in the axial direction. Turbulent mixing of methane and gaseous oxygen with coaxial injection is analyzed. The combustion has two characteristic times, one for mixing and the other for chemical kinetics, producing a time lag in the energy-release rate relative to pressure. Then, the coupled combustion process and wave dynamics are calculated for a 10-injector chamber with methane and gaseous-oxygen propellants. The linear first tangential mode is imposed initially. Nonlinear triggering occurs; above a critical initial amplitude, the amplitude grows; otherwise, it decays with time. The second tangential mode also develops, and the nonlinear resonance creates a subharmonic mode with a frequency equal to the difference between the two tangential-mode frequencies. A modification of the characteristic times leads to a triggered instability, in which the first tangential mode transfers energy to its harmonics without the appearance of the second tangential mode or the subharmonic mode. Local pulses of pressure and velocity can also trigger instabilities with a strong sensitivity to the direction of the pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Distal pancreatectomy with the celiac artery resection (DPCAR) is an oncologically justified procedure for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The results of its use in our selective group of 40 consecutive patients demonstrated a high rate of R0-resections, acceptable morbidity, and survival better than that for resectable PDAC. The unsolved problems of this procedure are the liver and stomach ischemic complications, which can be lethal or lead to prolonged hospital stay and deterioration in survival. The existing clinical data do not explain the mechanisms of these specific complications in sufficient detail and can't be used for their prognosis and prevention. We have studied the correlation of clinical data and hemodynamic changes of the collateral arteries in a series of technically homogeneous procedures. The geometrical changes of the pancreatoduodenal arcade elements after DPCAR could explain the causes of ischemic complications after surgery and determine the directions for their prevention. DPCAR's short- and long-term outcomes are highly diverse, while the causes and prevention of ischemic complications are unclear. To assess oncological, surgical, and hemodynamic outcomes of 40 consecutive DPCARs for pancreatic (n37) and gastric tumors (n3) (2009–2021), retrospective analyses of mortality, morbidity, survival, and hemodynamic consequences after DPCAR were undertaken using case history data, IOUS, and pre- and postoperative CT measurements. In postoperative complications (42.5%), the pancreatic fistula was the most frequent event (27%), 90-day mortality was 7.5. With 27 months median follow-up, median overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for PDAC were 29 and 18 months, respectively; with 1-, 3-, and 5-years, the OS were 90, 60, and 28%, with an R0-resection rate of 92.5%. Liver and gastric ischemia developed in 0 and 5 (12.5%) cases. Comparison of clinical and vascular geometry data revealed fast adaptation of collateral circulation, insignificant changes in proper hepatic artery diameter, and high risk of ischemic gastropathy if the preoperative diameter of pancreaticoduodenal artery was <2 mm. DP CAR can be performed with acceptable morbidity and survival. OS and RFS in this super-selective cohort were compared to those for resectable cancer. The changes in the postoperative arterial geometry could explain the causes of ischemic complications and determine directions for their prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of Er3+-, Tm3+-, and Yb3+-activated CaF2-, SrF2-, (Ca, Sr)F2- and (Sr, Ba)F2-based fluoride laser ceramics have been prepared by the hot-forming technique. Lasing of the SrF2:Yb3+, (Ca, Sr)F2:Er3+, (Ca, Sr)F2:Tm3+, (Ba, Sr)F2:Tm3+ and (Ba, Sr)F2:Yb3+ specimens with diode pumping has been observed for the first time. Thermal conductivity data for the above fluorite-type laser materials are also presented and discussed. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new family of weak pth order accurate SDE time integration schemes, called the direct Richardson pth order accurate (DRp) schemes. The DRp schemes use the idea of Richardson extrapolation on Euler time steps, performed by way of an acceptance-rejection algorithm. Previous applications of Richardson extrapolation to the Euler scheme are applicable only when the objective is to estimate a functional of the final distribution of the process. In contrast, provided that the diffusion matrix is strictly positive definite, the DRp class of schemes can be used in all applications which require a weak SDE time integration scheme. Numerical results have been obtained, and a comparison is made between the second- and third-order accurate DRp schemes and other modern SDE time integration schemes, indicating that the DRp schemes incur less error than standard algorithms based on Ito-Taylor expansions, and have similar computational efficiency. Finally, we provide a proof of the convergence properties of the DRp schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]