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1. eBryoSoil: a citizen science application to monitor changes in soil ecosystems

Author

André F. Mira, Joaquín Hortal, Ana Paula Portela, Belén Albertos, Belén Estébanez, Cristina Branquinho, Cristiana Vieira, Helena Hespanhol, Isabel Draper, Joana Marques, Juliana Monteiro, María Leo, Pilar Hurtado, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Zulema Varela, and Nagore G. Medina

Subjects
Biological soil covers (BSCs), Citizen science, Climate change, Iberian Peninsula, Soil communities, eBryoSoil, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Biological soil covers (BSCs) play a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning by enhancing soil stability, mediating nutrient cycling, and influencing soil hydrology. Recognized as ecosystem engineers, they can physically modify, maintain, or create habitats, facilitating plant community development. Through these intricate interactions, BSCs contribute significantly to ecological processes, highlighting their importance in the overall health and functionality of the ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present the results obtained from the contributions of the citizen scientists uploaded from November 2019 to January 2021 with eBryoSoil, an app that allows citizens to participate in mapping the BSC communities across the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we emphasize the importance of habitats and consequently, their interaction with climatic variables for the persistence of BSCs (lichens and bryophytes). Conservation efforts targeted at preserving diverse habitats are essential to ensure the continued presence of lichen and bryophyte communities. Despite challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, this citizen science project demonstrated success in utilizing a specifically tailored app to gather valuable information on BSC communities, providing insights into their vulnerability to climate change. This program serves as an illustrative example of how citizen science can effectively identify and study vulnerable habitats, offering a blueprint for future studies focused on understudied organisms.

Published
2024
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2. Key bacterial groups maintain stream multifunctionality in response to episodic drying

Author

Giulia Gionchetta, Rebeca Arias‐Real, Pilar Hurtado, Helmut Bürgmann, and Cayetano Gutiérrez‐Cánovas

Subjects
Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Abstract Microbial biodiversity is fundamental to maintain ecosystem functioning in seasonally variable ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how alterations in water availability caused by episodic drying compromise the ability of stream microbes to maintain multiple functions simultaneously (e.g., primary production and carbon cycling). Using data from 32 streams, we investigated how the phenology of annual drying influences stream sediment microbial biodiversity and their capacity to sustain multifunctionality. Our results showed that stream multifunctionality and most bacteria did not respond to changes in drying phenology. Only two bacterial groups, the drying‐resistant Sphingobacteriia and the drying‐sensitive Acidobacteria_Gp7, exhibited positive associations with multifunctionality; whereas, bacterial diversity showed a negative correlation with functions. Among these biodiversity aspects, Sphingobacteriia showed the strongest capacity to maintain multifunctionality at low and moderate performance levels. Our findings will help to better understand the mechanisms through which biodiversity sustains the functioning of seasonally variable streams and their responses to global change.

Published
2024
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3. New data on freshwater lichens in Mediterranean streams

Author

Gregorio Aragón Rubio, Marina Vicente, Gil Fernando Giménez, and Pilar Hurtado

Subjects
distribution, aquatic habitat, saxicolous lichens, central Spain, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

New chorological data on freshwater lichens in central Spain are presented. We have identified twenty-one saxicolous species resistant to periodic immersion at five localities of Montes de Toledo. Eighteen species are reported for the first time in Castilla-La Mancha territory. Remarkable extensions in the distribution range are found for most lichen species highlighting the importance of intermittent streams for lichen diversity in the Mediterranean Region

Published
2023
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4. The epiphytic lichens on Fagus sylvatica in beech forests of Europe: towards an open and dynamic checklist

Author

Pilar Hurtado, Gregorio Aragón Rubio, Isabel Martínez, Helmut Mayrhofer, and María Prieto

Subjects
biodiversity, lichenised fungi, literature review, online application, richness, taxonomy., Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Beech forests are considered one of the most emblematic ecosystems in the temperate deciduous broadleaf forest biome and host a wide variety of specialised cryptogamic organisms such as epiphytic lichens. This checklist is the first compilation focused on the epiphytic lichen diversity occurring on Fagus sylvatica L. trees along Europe. The checklist is based on a literature search encompassing 137 studies. We report 683 lichen species differently distributed across 26 European countries. The reported richness of the lichen species ranged from one in Kosovo and Netherlands to 331 species in Ukraine. All information provided in this manuscript is available online (http://biodiversos.org/epidiversity-lichens-fagus-europe/) to facilitate the accessibility and updating of the data. Thus, we aim that this checklist becomes an open and dynamic database that continuously expands not only based on new lichenological studies, but also with the information retrieved by lichenologist in the past, data published in a diverse suite of languages and herbarium records.

Published
2023
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5. Drying Shapes Aquatic Fungal Community Assembly by Reducing Functional Diversity

Author

Rebeca Arias-Real, Pilar Hurtado, Giulia Gionchetta, and Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas

Subjects
aquatic hyphomycetes, co-occurrence patterns, drying events, flow intermittence, functional diversity, functional traits, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Aquatic fungi are highly diverse organisms that play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles. Yet it remains unclear which assembly processes determine their co-occurrence and assembly patterns over gradients of drying intensity, which is a common stressor in fluvial networks. Although aquatic fungi possess drying-specific adaptations, little is known about how functional similarity influences co-occurrence probability and which functional traits are sorted by drying. Using field data from 15 streams, we investigated how co-occurrence patterns and assembly processes responded to drying intensity. To do so, we determined fungal co-occurrence patterns, functional traits that best explain species co-occurrence likelihood, and community assembly mechanisms explaining changes in functional diversity over the drying gradient. Our results identified 24 species pairs with positive co-occurrence probabilities and 16 species pairs with negative associations. The co-occurrence probability was correlated with species differences in conidia shape and fungal endophytic capacity. Functional diversity reduction over the drying gradient is generally associated with non-random abiotic filtering. However, the assembly processes changed over the drying gradient, with random assembly prevailing at low drying intensity and abiotic filtering gaining more importance as drying intensifies. Collectively, our results can help anticipate the impacts of global change on fungal communities and ecosystem functioning.

Published
2023
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6. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 10

Author

Sonia Ravera, Marta Puglisi, Alfredo Vizzini, Cecilia Totti, Giuseppina Barberis, Elisabetta Bianchi, Angelo Boemo, Ilaria Bonini, Daniela Bouvet, Claudia Cocozza, Davide Dagnino, Luca Di Nuzzo, Zuzana Fačkovcová, Gabriele Gheza, Stefano Gianfreda, Paolo Giordani, Andreas Hilpold, Pilar Hurtado, Heribert Köckinger, Deborah Isocrono, Stefano Loppi, Jiri Malicek, Cosimo Matino, Luigi Minuto, Juri Nascimbene, Giulio Pandeli, Luca Paoli, Domenico Puntillo, Michele Puntillo, Augusta Rossi, Francesco Sguazzin, Daniel Spitale, Simon Stifter, Claudia Turcato, and Sara Vazzola

Subjects
Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

In this contribution, new data concerning red algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genus Thorea, for the bryophyte genera Ephemerum, Hedwigia, Pogonatum, Riccia, Sphagnum, and Tortella, the fungal genera Pileolaria and Sporisorium, and the lichen genera Bacidia, Cerothallia, Chaenotheca, Cladonia, Halecania, Lecanora, Phylloblastia, Physcia, Protoparmelia, Pycnora, Segestria, and Sphaerophorus.

Published
2020
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7. Functional Traits in Lichen Ecology: A Review of Challenge and Opportunity

Author

Christopher J. Ellis, Johan Asplund, Renato Benesperi, Cristina Branquinho, Luca Di Nuzzo, Pilar Hurtado, Isabel Martínez, Paula Matos, Juri Nascimbene, Pedro Pinho, María Prieto, Bernardo Rocha, Clara Rodríguez-Arribas, Holger Thüs, and Paolo Giordani

Subjects
ecosystem services, effect traits, functional ecology, lichenised-fungi, life-history strategy, response traits, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Community ecology has experienced a major transition, from a focus on patterns in taxonomic composition, to revealing the processes underlying community assembly through the analysis of species functional traits. The power of the functional trait approach is its generality, predictive capacity such as with respect to environmental change, and, through linkage of response and effect traits, the synthesis of community assembly with ecosystem function and services. Lichens are a potentially rich source of information about how traits govern community structure and function, thereby creating opportunity to better integrate lichens into ‘mainstream’ ecological studies, while lichen ecology and conservation can also benefit from using the trait approach as an investigative tool. This paper brings together a range of author perspectives to review the use of traits in lichenology, particularly with respect to European ecosystems from the Mediterranean to the Arctic-Alpine. It emphasizes the types of traits that lichenologists have used in their studies, both response and effect, the bundling of traits towards the evolution of life-history strategies, and the critical importance of scale (both spatial and temporal) in functional trait ecology.

Published
2021
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8. Contrasting Environmental Drivers Determine Biodiversity Patterns in Epiphytic Lichen Communities along a European Gradient

Author

Pilar Hurtado, María Prieto, Francesco de Bello, Gregorio Aragón, Jesús López-Angulo, Paolo Giordani, Eva María Díaz-Peña, Rebeca Vicente, Sonia Merinero, Alica Košuthová, Renato Benesperi, Elisabetta Bianchi, Helmut Mayrhofer, Juri Nascimbene, Martin Grube, Mats Wedin, Martin Westberg, and Isabel Martínez

Subjects
beech forests, climate, epiphytic lichen, functional diversity, functional trait, latitudinal gradient, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Assessing the ecological impacts of environmental change on biological communities requires knowledge of the factors driving the spatial patterns of the three diversity facets along extensive environmental gradients. We quantified the taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of lichen epiphytic communities in 23 beech forests along Europe to examine their response to environmental variation (climate, habitat quality, spatial predictors) at a continental geographic scale. We selected six traits related to the climatic conditions in forest ecosystems, the water-use strategy and the nutrient uptake, and we built a phylogenetic tree based on four molecular markers. FD and climate determined TD and PD, with spatial variables also affecting PD. The three diversity facets were primarily shaped by distinct critical predictors, with the temperature diurnal range affecting FD and PD, and precipitation of the wettest month determining TD. Our results emphasize the value of FD for explaining part of TD and PD variation in lichen communities at a broad geographic scale, while highlighting that these diversity facets provide complementary information about the communities’ response under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, traits such as growth form, photobiont type, and reproductive strategy mediated the response of lichen communities to abiotic factors emerging as useful indicators of macroclimatic variations.

Published
2020
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9. Biology of Rhembobius quadrispinus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Pupal parasitoid of saprophagous species of syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Author

Pilar HURTADO, Celeste PÉREZ-BAÑÓN, and Santos ROJO

Subjects
hymenoptera, ichneumonidae, rhembobius quadrispinus, host preference, biological control, parasitoid age, diptera, syrphidae, eristalis tenax, eristalinus aeneus, diapria conica, synanthropy, pig farms, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Little is known about the life cycle of Rhembobius parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Known host records are mainly from saprophagous species of hoverflies of the tribe Eristalini (Diptera: Syrphidae), whose larvae develop in a wide range of aquatic and semi-aquatic breeding sites that are rich in microbial decay. We present an account of the biology and important details of the life cycle of the pupal parasitoid R. quadrispinus in both natural and controlled conditions. Host suitability, the influence of host pupal age and age of the female parasitoid on her production of progeny was evaluated in laboratory tests. Our results showed that the percentage of pupae of E. tenax that were parasitized by R. quadrispinus decreased as pupae matured, and the optimal age for successful parasitism ranged from 1 to 3 days. This biological information could be useful in the biological control of anthropophilic saprophagous eristalines that can act as potential mechanical vectors of pathogens on farms.

Published
2014
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10. Using Growth Forms to Predict Epiphytic Lichen Abundance in a Wide Variety of Forest Types

Author

Gregorio Aragón, Isabel Martínez, Pilar Hurtado, Ángel Benítez, Clara Rodríguez, and María Prieto

Subjects
richness, epiphyte, indicator species, forests, Europe, Central-South America, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Epiphytic richness is continuously declining due to forest fragmentation, logging, burning, agriculture, and livestock. The rate of species loss caused by habitat degradation and loss is more pronounced in Central and South America. Considering the extreme difficulty and time required to identify the more inconspicuous species, rapid diversity assessment methods need to be extrapolated throughout the world. This study correlated lichen growth forms and total epiphytic abundance across 119 forests located in Europe and Central-South America. A total of 54 papers were selected from specific databases focused on lichens. Additionally, data from several unpublished ecological studies were included. Linear regression models showed that epiphytic lichen abundance was highly and positively correlated with the number of growth forms at all geographical levels considered (i.e., Central-South American and European forests, and the combination of both). Thus, the use of growth forms may provide an alternative and complementary way to evaluate epiphytic diversity because most growth forms have cosmopolitan distribution and are easily recognizable.

Published
2019
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11. Hydrogen production in a novel configuration of UASB reactor under different hydraulic retention time

Author

Diana Margarita Hernandez, Lucia Andrea del Pilar Hurtado, and Adela Tatiana Rodriguez-Chaparro

Subjects
Biopack® rings, total volatile acids, UASB reactors, Technology, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of hydrogen in a conventional and hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors by modifying the hydraulic retention time (HRT). Both reactors operated continuously close to 135 days, with organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.26 kgCOD.m-3.d-1 at 12, 8 and 4 h. In the hybrid reactor, Biopack® rings with polyurethane foam at its center were used. The results showed that the UASB hybrid reactor achieved a stable and continuous production of over 60% of hydrogen gas at each HRT, related to carbon dioxide reduction until the end of the operation. The ANOVA and TUKEY tests, with a 95% reliability level, showed that there was a significant difference between the HRT evaluated, observing that the highest hydrogen production was obtained with 4 h of HRT. In the conventional UASB reactor, there was no stability during the operation time.

Published
2018
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12. Unsustainable landscapes of deforested Amazonia: An analysis of the relationships among landscapes and the social, economic and environmental profiles of farms at different ages following deforestation

Author

Lavelle, Patrick, Dolédec, Sylvain, de Sartre, Xavier Arnauld, Decaëns, Thibaud, Gond, Valery, Grimaldi, Michel, Oszwald, Johan, Hubert, Bernard, Ramirez, Bertha, Veiga, Iran, de Souza, Simão, de Assis, William Santos, Michelotti, Fernando, Martins, Marlucia, Feijoo, Alexander, Bommel, Pierre, Castañeda, Edna, Chacon, Patricia, Desjardins, Thierry, Dubs, Florence, Gordillo, Erika, Guevara, Edward, Fonte, Steven, del Pilar Hurtado, Maria, Lena, Philippe, Lima, Tamara, Marichal, Raphaël, Mitja, Danielle, Miranda, Izildinha, Otero, Tupac, Praxedes, Catarina, Poccard, René, de Robert, Pascale, Rodriguez, Gamaliel, Sanabria, Catalina, Tselouiko, Stéphanie, Velasquez, Alexander, Velasquez, Elena, and Velasquez, Jaime

Published
2016
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13. Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of carbon and nitrogen in an Oxisol

Author

Jesús H. Camacho-Tamayo, Yolanda Rubiano S., and Maria del Pilar Hurtado S.

Subjects
Oxisol, pedometría, mapeo de suelos, geo-estadística, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

The characterization of soil properties through laboratory analysis is an essential part of the diagnosis of the potential use of lands and their fertility. Conventional chemical analyzes are expensive and time consuming, hampering the adoption of crop management technologies, such as precision agriculture. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of the carbon and nitrogen of Typic Hapludox. In the A and B horizons, 1,240 samples were collected in order to determine the total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) contents, obtain the NIR spectral curve, and build models using partial least squares regression. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and statistical techniques allowed for the quantification of the TC with adequate models of prediction based on a small number of samples, an residual prediction deviation RPD greater than 2.0, an R² greater than 0.80 and a low root mean square error RMSE. For TN, models with a good level of prediction were not obtained. The results based on the NIR models were able to be integrated directly into the geostatistical evaluations, obtaining similar digital maps from the observed and predicted TC. The use of pedometric techniques showed promising results for these soils and constitutes a basis for the development of this area of research on soil science in Colombia.

Published
2014
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14. Emergía de tres sistemas agroforestales en el sur del municipio de Lempira, Honduras

Author

óscar I. Ferreira C., María del Pilar Hurtado S., Edwin García, Carmen Rosa Bonilla Correa, and Idupulapati M Rao

Subjects
Sostenibilidad, sistemas agroforestales, índices de emergía, recursos renovables, Agriculture
Abstract

Se evaluaron el uso de recursos y la sostenibilidad de tres sistemas agroforestales (bosque secundario- BS, tala y quema-TQ y sistema conservacionista Quesungual-SAQ). Se utilizaron datos de 15 parcelas de 200 m² ubicadas entre 14° 05' N y 88° 30' W y transformicidades reportadas en otros estudios. Los mayores valores de emergía se presentaron en la variable Lluvia (1.35E15 sej/ha por año) y las mayores diferencias de emergía entre sistemas se observaron en suelo erosionado, especialmente en TQ, BS y SAQ tuvieron mayor Razón de Carga Ambiental que TQ (0.63, 0.14 y 0.02, respectivamente). El sistema TQ presenta el valor más alto del índice de Huella Ecológica seguido por SAQ y BS. El índice de Sostenibilidad de Emergía del sistema TQ fue 34.8, el de SAQ = 135.6 y el de BS = 4123.8, con mayores valores de sostenibilidad en el SAQ y el BS, lo cual indica que son sistemas que favorecen el uso de recursos renovables y locales.

Published
2010

15. Functional traits in lichen ecology: A review of challenge and opportunity

Author

Holger Thüs, Cristina Branquinho, Christopher J. Ellis, Paula Matos, Luca Di Nuzzo, Juri Nascimbene, Bernardo Rocha, Renato Benesperi, Pedro Pinho, Clara Rodríguez-Arribas, Paolo Giordani, Pilar Hurtado, Johan Asplund, María Prieto, Isabel Martínez, Ellis C.J., Asplund J., Benesperi R., Branquinho C., Di Nuzzo L., Hurtado P., Martinez I., Matos P., Nascimbene J., Pinho P., Prieto M., Rocha B., Rodriguez-Arribas C., Thus H., Giordani P., and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Microbiology (medical), Response trait, Ecosystem service, Ecology (disciplines), temporal, life-history strategy, Review, functional ecology, lichenised-fungi, Temporal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, response traits, Life history theory, Ecosystem services, scale, Trait theory, Virology, effect traits, Life-history strategy, Effect trait, Spatial, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Generality, Functional ecology, Community, Ecology, Lichenised-fungi, Scale, spatial, Geography, lcsh:Biology (General), Trait, ecosystem services, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Community ecology has experienced a major transition, from a focus on patterns in taxonomic composition, to revealing the processes underlying community assembly through the analysis of species functional traits. The power of the functional trait approach is its generality, predictive capacity such as with respect to environmental change, and, through linkage of response and effect traits, the synthesis of community assembly with ecosystem function and services. Lichens are a potentially rich source of information about how traits govern community structure and function, thereby creating opportunity to better integrate lichens into ‘mainstream’ ecological studies, while lichen ecology and conservation can also benefit from using the trait approach as an investigative tool. This paper brings together a range of author perspectives to review the use of traits in lichenology, particularly with respect to European ecosystems from the Mediterranean to the Arctic-Alpine. It emphasizes the types of traits that lichenologists have used in their studies, both response and effect, the bundling of traits towards the evolution of life-history strategies, and the critical importance of scale (both spatial and temporal) in functional trait ecology.

Published
2021

16. Disentangling functional trait variation and covariation in epiphytic lichens along a continent-wide latitudinal gradient

Author

Paolo Giordani, Martin Westberg, Pilar Hurtado, Isabel Martínez, Martin Grube, Helmut Mayrhofer, Alica Košuthová, Jesús López-Angulo, María Prieto, E M Díaz-Peña, Elisabetta Bianchi, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Renato Benesperi, Gregorio Aragón, Teresa Rosas, Juri Nascimbene, Mats Wedin, Sonia Merinero, Hurtado P., Prieto M., Martinez-Vilalta J., Giordani P., Aragon G., Lopez-Angulo J., Kosuthova A., Merinero S., Diaz-Pena E.M., Rosas T., Benesperi R., Bianchi E., Grube M., Mayrhofer H., Nascimbene J., Wedin M., Westberg M., and Martinez I.

Subjects
Epiphytic lichen, 0106 biological sciences, climate seasonality, phylogenetic comparative analysis, Lichens, Nitrogen, Climate Change, epiphytic lichens, latitudinal gradient, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Intraspecific competition, Photosynthesis, Lichen, Beech, Phylogeny, General Environmental Science, Ecology, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, functional trait variation, Biodiversity, General Medicine, climate seasonality, epiphytic lichens, functional trait variation, latitudinal gradient, phylogenetic comparative analysis, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Phenotype, Variation (linguistics), Trait, Resource use, Epiphyte, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Characterizing functional trait variation and covariation, and its drivers, is critical to understand the response of species to changing environmental conditions. Evolutionary and environmental factors determine how traits vary among and within species at multiple scales. However, disentangling their relative contribution is challenging and a comprehensive trait–environment framework addressing such questions is missing in lichens. We investigated the variation in nine traits related to photosynthetic performance, water use and nutrient acquisition applying phylogenetic comparative analyses in lichen epiphytic communities on beech across Europe. These poikilohydric organisms offer a valuable model owing to their inherent limitations to buffer contrasting environmental conditions. Photobiont type and growth form captured differences in certain physiological traits whose variation was largely determined by evolutionary processes (i.e. phylogenetic history), although the intraspecific component was non-negligible. Seasonal temperature fluctuations also had an impact on trait variation, while nitrogen content depended on photobiont type rather than nitrogen deposition. The inconsistency of trait covariation among and within species prevented establishing major resource use strategies in lichens. However, we did identify a general pattern related to the water-use strategy. Thus, to robustly unveil lichen responses under different climatic scenarios, it is necessary to incorporate both among and within-species trait variation and covariation.

Published
2020

17. Contrasting environmental drivers determine biodiversity patterns in epiphytic lichen communities along a European latitudinal gradient

Author

Elisabetta Bianchi, Francesco de Bello, Isabel Martínez, Sonia Merinero, Helmut Mayrhofer, Mats Wedin, Paolo Giordani, Eva Maria Diaz-Pena, Juri Nascimbene, Gregorio Aragón, Rebeca Vicente, Renato Benesperi, Martin Grube, Alica Košuthová, Martin Westberg, Pilar Hurtado, Jesús López-Angulo, María Prieto, Hurtado P., Prieto M., de Bello F., Aragon G., Lopez-Angulo J., Giordani P., Diaz-Pena E.M., Vicente R., Merinero S., Kosuthova A., Benesperi R., Bianchi E., Mayrhofer H., Nascimbene J., Grube M., Wedin M., Westberg M., and Martinez I.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Microbiology (medical), Environmental change, latitudinal gradient, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Forest ecology, Lichen, functional trait, lcsh:QH301-705.5, climate, 030304 developmental biology, Abiotic component, Ekologi, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Botany, Botanik, epiphytic lichen, functional diversity, taxonomic diversity, Phylogenetic diversity, Geography, Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109), Habitat, lcsh:Biology (General), Beech forest, Spatial ecology, beech forests, phylogenetic diversity
Abstract

Assessing the ecological impacts of environmental change on biological communities requires knowledge of the factors driving the spatial patterns of the three diversity facets along extensive environmental gradients. We quantified the taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of lichen epiphytic communities in 23 beech forests along Europe to examine their response to environmental variation (climate, habitat quality, spatial predictors) at a continental geographic scale. We selected six traits related to the climatic conditions in forest ecosystems, the water-use strategy and the nutrient uptake, and we built a phylogenetic tree based on four molecular markers. FD and climate determined TD and PD, with spatial variables also affecting PD. The three diversity facets were primarily shaped by distinct critical predictors, with the temperature diurnal range affecting FD and PD, and precipitation of the wettest month determining TD. Our results emphasize the value of FD for explaining part of TD and PD variation in lichen communities at a broad geographic scale, while highlighting that these diversity facets provide complementary information about the communities&rsquo, response under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, traits such as growth form, photobiont type, and reproductive strategy mediated the response of lichen communities to abiotic factors emerging as useful indicators of macroclimatic variations.

Published
2020

18. Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 10

Author

Luca Di Nuzzo, Ilaria Bonini, Augusta Rossi, Michele Puntillo, Elisabetta Bianchi, Daniel Spitale, Andreas Hilpold, Zuzana Fačkovcová, Sonia Ravera, Sara Vazzola, Angelo Boemo, Domenico Puntillo, Davide Dagnino, Pilar Hurtado, Jiri Malicek, Gabriele Gheza, Stefano Loppi, F. Sguazzin, Claudia Cocozza, Daniela Bouvet, Alfredo Vizzini, Paolo Giordani, Stefano Gianfreda, Luca Paoli, Heribert Köckinger, Deborah Isocrono, Cecilia Totti, Cosimo Matino, Simon Stifter, Luigi Minuto, Marta Puglisi, Juri Nascimbene, Claudia Turcato, G. Barberis, Giulio Pandeli, Ravera S., Puglisi M., Vizzini A., Totti C., Barberis G., Bianchi E., Boemo A., Bonini I., Bouvet D., Cocozza C., Dagnino D., Nuzzo L.D., Fackovcova Z., Gheza G., Gianfreda S., Giordani P., Hilpold A., Hurtado P., Kockinger H., Isocrono D., Loppi S., Malicek J., Matino C., Minuto L., Nascimbene J., Pandeli G., Paoli L., Puntillo D., Puntillo M., Rossi A., Sguazzin F., Spitale D., Stifter S., Turcato C., and Vazzola S.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Flora, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bryidae, Algae, Ascomycota, lcsh:Botany, Botany, Lichen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota Basidiomycota Bryidae Marchantiidae Rhodophyta, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:QK1-989, Geography, Marchantiidae, Rhodophyta, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Bryidae, Marchantiidae, Rhodophyta, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In this contribution, new data concerning red algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genus Thorea, for the bryophyte genera Ephemerum, Hedwigia, Pogonatum, Riccia, Sphagnum, and Tortella, the fungal genera Pileolaria and Sporisorium, and the lichen genera Bacidia, Cerothallia, Chaenotheca, Cladonia, Halecania, Lecanora, Phylloblastia, Physcia, Protoparmelia, Pycnora, Segestria, and Sphaerophorus.

Published
2020

19. Unsustainable landscapes of deforested Amazonia: an analysis of the relationships among landscapes and the social, economic and environmental profiles of farms at different ages following deforestation

Author

E.R. Castañeda, Pascale de Robert, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, Tupac Otero, Pierre Bommel, Erika Gordillo, Florence Dubs, Iran Veiga, Alexander Feijoo, Gamaliel Rodriguez, Stéphanie Tselouiko, Thierry Desjardins, Marlucia Bonifacio Martins, Philippe Léna, William Santos de Assis, Michel Grimaldi, Fernando Michelotti, Thibaud Decaëns, Simão Lindoso de Souza, Bernard Hubert, Elena Velasquez, Patrick Lavelle, Bertha L Ramírez, Jaime E. Velásquez, Sylvain Dolédec, Valéry Gond, Edward Guevara, Alexander Velasquez, Izildinha Souza Miranda, Catalina Sanabria, R. Marichal, Catarina Praxedes, María del Pilar Hurtado, Danielle Mitja, Steven J. Fonte, René Poccard, Patricia Chacón, Johan Oszwald, Tamara Lima, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Société, environnement, territoire (SET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Institut national de la recherche agronomique (France). Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (UMR 408) (Avignon), Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caqueta, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Centre International de Recherche en Agriculture et Développement, Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad de la Amazonia [Caquetá], Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), ANR-06-PADD-001-011/ ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01/ Brazilian CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) 490649/2006-8, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Geography, Planning and Development, agroécologie, Biodiversity, Socioecological systems Amazonia Landscapes Biodiversity Ecosystem services Social wellbeing Economic ef␣ciency, Agroforesterie, Développement agricole, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Environmental protection, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Utilisation des terres, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Explained variation, Geography, protection de la forêt, Forb, Natural capital, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, Human capital, Durabilité, Paysage, 15. Life on land, Déboisement, services écosystémiques, Développement rural intégré, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; In Amazonia, our knowledge of the trade-offs and possible thresholds in the relationships among social, economic and environmental parameters remains quite limited and hinders the design of sustainable socio-environmental systems. To fill this gap, we analyzed relationships among landscape metrics, socio- economic patterns, biodiversity and soil-based ecosystem services within a total of 51 farms located at 6 sites of the Colombian and Brazilian Amazon. Farms were representative of an initial set of 274 and they represented colonization ages from 10 to 80 years and a range of public policies found in the region. Two farms were abandoned in Colombia for local reasons.Cluster analysis separated farms in 7 types of production systems according to 5 main criteria (size of the farm, human capital, incomes, farm products and production intensity) selected from an initial set of 18 criteria. Biodiversity was summarized into a composite index Bd built with data from 8 different groups: trees, shrubs, grasses and forbs, birds, Saturnidae and Sphingidae moths, Drosophilidae, earthworms and ants. Provision of ecosystem services was quantified by a composite indicator of 6 sub- indicators of soil hydrological functions, C storage and chemical fertility. Increasing intensity of production systems was linked to a significant decrease of indicators of natural capital biodiversity (Bd) and soil based ecosystem services (Es) with 20% and 37.3% variance explained, respectively. No relationship was observed between production systems and an indicator of human wellbeing (Sb) based on a set of 5 criteria identified with the farmers. Findings indicate that early colonizers migrate when a certain level of development has been achieved (as a result of their activities) and are replaced by wealthier populations.An overall indicator of sustainability (Su) – that combines production efficiency (Ep), Sb, Bd and Es indices (ranging from 0.1–1.0) – decreases significantly with the landscape intensification (Li) with 18.7% variance directly explained by this relationship. Su was also significantly related to production systems (36.4% variance explained): while this indicator remained relatively stable with a value of 0.5 across the early and intermediate phases following deforestation, it dropped down considerably (0.2) for production systems based on cattle ranching on highly degraded pastures with less than 2% forest cover remaining. Restoration with sylvopastoral systems allowed some farms of this former group to increase sustainability to a value of 0.35 after less than 5 years. Agroforestry systems on sites deforested at the same time maintained values around 0.5, as they allowed the maximum production efficiencies and maintained relatively high values of the Biodiversity (Bd) and Ecosystem services (Es) indexes. This is evidence that beyond the general negative trade-off between human development and natural capital observed in Amazonia, agro ecological options to revert the trend are quite promising. A general methodological approach for the reconstruction of sustainable landscapes in farms of the deforested Amazonian region is proposed as a conclusion.

Published
2016

20. Ecosystem services of regulation and support in Amazonian pioneer fronts: searching for landscape drivers

Author

Raphaël Marichal, Norberto Cornejo Noronha, Florence Dubs, Elena Velasquez, E.R. Castañeda, Patrick Lavelle, Izildinha Souza Miranda, Luiz Gonzaga Silva Costa, Gamaliel Rodriguez, William Santos de Assis, Simão Lindoso de Souza, Sylvain Dolédec, Fernando Michelotti, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, Danielle Mitja, Tâmara Thaiz Santana Lima, Edward Guevara, Thierry Desjardins, Max Sarrazin, Johan Oszwald, Michel Grimaldi, Mário Lopes da Silva, Mariana Nascimento Delgado Oliveira, Bertha L Ramírez, Iran Veiga, Valéry Gond, María del Pilar Hurtado, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Équipe 1 - Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques (BEL), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Société, environnement, territoire (SET), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation agroécologique et innovation variétale (UPR AIVA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Grupo Investigación GISAPA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Actividad Agropecuaria, Territorios y Sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (AGRITERRIS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-PADD-001-011, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01), Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), International center for tropical agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Adaptation agroécologique et innovation variétale (Cirad-Bios-UPR 104 AIVA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)

Subjects
Trade-offs, Land-use intensity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Socioeconomic drivers, Geography, Planning and Development, Stockage, Enquête sur exploitations agricoles, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, F01 - Culture des plantes, Biomasse, couverture du sol, service, Agroecosystems, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Utilisation des terres, Ecology, Water storage, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, B10 - Géographie, séquestration du carbone, Agroécosystème, Soil chemical quality, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Eau d'infiltration, Écosystème, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Carbone, Agro- ecosystems, Télédétection, Matière organique du sol, Water infiltration, Ecosystem, Couverture végétale, Propriété physicochimique du sol, Eau du sol, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, Changement climatique, Érosion, Forestry, Cycle hydrologique, 15. Life on land, Soil ecosystem services, Carbon storage, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Landscape ecology, Soil fertility
Abstract

International audience; Landscape dynamics result from forestry and farming practices, both of which are expected to have diverse impacts on ecosystem services (ES). In this study, we investigated this general statement for regulating and supporting services via an assessment of ecosystem functions: climate regulation via carbon sequestration in soil and plant biomass, water cycle and soil erosion regulation via water infiltration in soil, and support for primary production via soil chemical quality and water storage. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of land-cover composition and structure significantly alter ES metrics at two different scales. We surveyed 54 farms in two Amazonian regions of Brazil and Colombia and assessed land-cover composition and structure from remote sensing data (farm scale) from 1990 to 2007. Simple and well-established methods were used to characterize soil and vegetation from five points in each farm (plot scale). Most ES metrics were significantly correlated with land-use (plot scale) and land-cover (farm scale) classifications; however, spatial variability in inherent soil properties, alone or in interaction with land-use or land-cover changes, contributed greatly to variability in ES metrics. Carbon stock in above-ground plant biomass and water infiltration rate decreased from forest to pasture land covers, whereas soil chemical quality and plant-available water storage capacity increased. Land-cover classifications based on structure metrics explained significantly less ES metric variation than those based on composition metrics. Land-cover composition dynamics explained 45 % (P < 0.001) of ES metric variance, 15 % by itself and 30 % in interaction with inherent soil properties. This study describes how ES evolve with landscape changes, specifying the contribution of spatial variability in the physical environment and highlighting trade-offs and synergies among ES.

Published
2014

21. Hydrogen production in a novel configuration of UASB reactor under different hydraulic retention time.

Author

Hernández, Diana Margarita, del Pilar Hurtado, Lucia Andrea, and Rodríguez-Chaparro, Adela Tatiana

Subjects
*HYDROGEN, *HYDRAULICS, *RF values (Chromatography), *POLYURETHANES, *HYDROGEN production
Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of hydrogen in a conventional and hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors by modifying the hydraulic retention time (HRT). Both reactors operated continuously close to 135 days, with organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.26 kgCOD.m-3.d-1 at 12, 8 and 4 h. In the hybrid reactor, Biopack® rings with polyurethane foam at its center were used. The results showed that the UASB hybrid reactor achieved a stable and continuous production of over 60% of hydrogen gas at each HRT, related to carbon dioxide reduction until the end of the operation. The ANOVA and TUKEY tests, with a 95% reliability level, showed that there was a significant difference between the HRT evaluated, observing that the highest hydrogen production was obtained with 4 h of HRT. In the conventional UASB reactor, there was no stability during the operation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
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22. Soil solutions for a changing world

Author

Michel Grimaldi, Maria del Pilar Hurtado, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, William Assis, Thibaud Decaëns, Mariana Delgado, Thierry Desjardins, Sylvain Dolédec, Alexander Feijoo, Valéry Gond, Luiz Gonzaga, Mário Lopes, Raphaël Marichal, Marlucia Martins, Fernando Michelotti, Izildinha Miranda, Danielle Mitja, Norberto Noronha, Johan Oszwald, Bertha Pava Ramírez, Gamaliel Rodriguez, Simão Lindoso de Souza, Tâmara Thais Lima, Iran Veiga, Elena Velasquez, Patrick Lavelle, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Société, environnement, territoire (SET), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Actividad Agropecuaria, Territorios y Sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (AGRITERRIS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Grupo Investigación GISAPA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), International center for tropical agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
FERTILITE DU SOL, BIODIVERSITE, MATIERE ORGANIQUE, FAUNE DU SOL, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION, Colombia, MODELISATION, carbon sequestration, CARBONE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, DEFORESTATION, QUALITE DU SOL, soil quality, socioeconomic drivers, UTILISATION DU SOL, Land use change, Brazil, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE
Abstract

International audience; In two Amazonian regions of Brazil and Colombia that represent most of the diversity of the pioneer front landscapes, we searched for relationships among socioeconomic environments, landscape composition and structure, biodiversity, and production of goods and ecosystem services. An original sampling protocol was applied to collect fully compatible socioeconomic, landscape, agronomic and ecological datasets allowing rigorous statistical analyses. In each country, 153 farms belonging to three different kinds of land use and practices were characterized on the basis of socioeconomic and landscape variables. Biodiversity, goods and ecosystem services were measured on a selection of 27 (26 in Colombia) farms most representative of the whole diversity in each country. Among the groups chosen for biodiversity survey, plants, earthworms, termites and ants were major ecosystem engineers that play a critical role in the provision of goods (agrosilvipastoral products) and ecosystem services (ES). The investigated ES were climate regulation through carbon sequestration in soil and biomass, soil conservation and water cycle regulation through infiltration, and finally indices of soil quality. Covariations among the different sets of variables assessed by multiple co-inertia analysis were highly significant. Significance of these results are discussed.

Published
2010

23. Invasion of Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae, Oligochaeta) in landscapes of the Amazonian deforestation arc

Author

Thierry Desjardins, George G. Brown, Patrick Lavelle, Max Sarrazin, D. Ruiz, Elena Velasquez, Catarina Praxedes, Thibaud Decaëns, Andrés F. Carvajal, Michael Grimaldi, Alexander Feijoo Martínez, María del Pilar Hurtado, Raphaël Marichal, Johan Oszwald, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Embrapa Florestas, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL), Facultad de Agronomia, ANR-06-BDIV-0009,AMAZ_BD,Biodiversité des paysages amazoniens. Déterminants socio-économiques et productio de biens et services écosystèmiques(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), TSBF_LAC, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil biology, Soil Science, Introduced species, "Land transformation", Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Land transformation, Invasive earthworms, Amazonia, Deforestation, "Amazonia, Glossoscolecidae, Ecology, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Epigeal, Invasive earthworms"
Abstract

International audience; Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae, Oligochaeta) is an invasive endogeic earthworm that has colonized most land transformed by human activities in the humid tropics. When installed, populations can change soil physical properties, biogeochemical processes and microbial communities. The aim of this study was to determine whether P. corethrurus establishment is a result of (1) a competitive exclusion of native earthworm species or (2) the exploitation of a new niche created by anthropogenic disturbance that native earthworm species cannot use. We tested these hypotheses by doing a survey of earthworm communities in 270 sites that represented the diversity of land use systems encountered in two contrasted regions of the Amazonian arc of deforestation located in Brazil and Colombia respectively. When present in forests, P. corethrurus had no negative effect on the native species communities that had similar (epigeic species) or even higher densities (endogeic species) in the presence of the invasive species. These results suggest the absence of competitive exclusion. The first two axes of a PCA multivariate analysis of communities represented the densities of native species (axis 1) and P. corethrurus (axis 2) respectively. This suggests that respective densities of the two groups respond to different conditions and that their variations are independent. The density of P. corethrurus co-varied with soil N content and pH in Colombian sites while the densities of other species did not. Our results thus suggest that this invasive species, unlike native species, is able to feed and develop in environments where litter resources are decreased while soils have been enriched in C and nutrients by deforestation and burning. We discuss the reasons why some primary forests in Central America have large populations of P. corethrurus.

Published
2010

24. Soil macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem services in deforested landscapes of Amazonia.

Author

Marichal, Raphael, Grimaldi, Michel, Feijoo M., Alexander, Oszwald, Johan, Praxedes, Catarina, Ruiz Cobo, Dario Hernan, del Pilar Hurtado, Maria, Desjardins, Thierry, Silva Junior, Mario Lopes da, Silva Costa, Luiz Gonzaga da, Miranda, Izildinha Souza, Delgado Oliveira, Mariana Nascimento, Brown, George G., Tsélouiko, Stéphanie, Martins, Marlucia Bonifacio, Decaëns, Thibaud, Velasquez, Elena, and Lavelle, Patrick

Subjects
*SOIL invertebrates, *ECOSYSTEM services, *LANDSCAPE changes, *DEFORESTATION, *LAND use, *SOIL ecology, *SOIL moisture
Abstract

Land use changes in the Amazon region strongly impact soil macroinvertebrate communities, which are recognized as major drivers of soil functions ( Lavelle et al., 2006 ). To explore these relations, we tested the hypotheses that (i) soil macrofauna communities respond to landscape changes and (ii) soil macrofauna and ecosystem services are linked. We conducted a survey of macrofauna communities and indicators of ecosystem services at 270 sites in southern Colombia (department of Caqueta) and northern Brazil (state of Pará), two areas of the Amazon where family agriculture dominates. Sites represented a variety of land use types: forests, fallows, annual or perennial crops, and pastures. At each site we assessed soil macroinvertebrate density (18 taxonomic units) and the following ecosystem service indicators: soil and aboveground biomass carbon stock; water infiltration rate; aeration, drainage and water storage capacities based on pore-size distribution; soil chemical fertility; and soil aggregation. Significant covariation was observed between macrofauna communities and landscape metric data (co-inertia analysis: RV = 0.30, p < 0.01, Monte Carlo test) and between macrofauna communities and ecosystem service indicators (co-inertia analysis: RV = 0.35, p < 0.01, Monte Carlo test). Points located in pastures within 100 m of forest had greater macrofauna density and diversity than those located in pastures with no forest within 100 m (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.01). Total macroinvertebrate density was significantly correlated with macroporosity ( r 2 = 0.42, p < 0.01), as was the density of specific taxonomic groups: Chilopoda ( r 2 = 0.43, p < 0.01), Isoptera ( r 2 = 0.30, p < 0.01), Diplopoda ( r 2 = 0.31, p < 0.01), and Formicidae ( r 2 = 0.13, p < 0.01). Total macroinvertebrate density was also significantly correlated with available soil water ( r 2 = 0.38, p < 0.01) as well as other soil-service indicators (but with r 2 < 0.10). Results demonstrate that landscape dynamics and composition affect soil macrofauna communities, and that soil macrofauna density is significantly correlated with soil services in deforested Amazonia, indicating that soil macrofauna have an engineering and/or indicator function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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25. Invasion of Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae, Oligochaeta) in landscapes of the Amazonian deforestation arc

Author

Marichal, Raphael, Martinez, Alex Feijoo, Praxedes, Catarina, Ruiz, Dario, Carvajal, Andres F., Oszwald, Johan, del Pilar Hurtado, Maria, Brown, George G., Grimaldi, Michel, Desjardins, Thierry, Sarrazin, Max, Decaëns, Thibaud, Velasquez, Elena, and Lavelle, Patrick

Subjects
*EARTHWORMS, *DEFORESTATION, *LANDSCAPES, *SOIL microbiology, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *NITRATES, *SOIL composition
Abstract

Abstract: Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae, Oligochaeta) is an invasive endogeic earthworm that has colonized most land transformed by human activities in the humid tropics. When installed, populations can change soil physical properties, biogeochemical processes and microbial communities. The aim of this study was to determine whether P. corethrurus establishment is a result of (1) a competitive exclusion of native earthworm species or (2) the exploitation of a new niche created by anthropogenic disturbance that native earthworm species cannot use. We tested these hypotheses by doing a survey of earthworm communities in 270 sites that represented the diversity of land use systems encountered in two contrasted regions of the Amazonian arc of deforestation located in Brazil and Colombia respectively. When present in forests, P. corethrurus had no negative effect on the native species communities that had similar (epigeic species) or even higher densities (endogeic species) in the presence of the invasive species. These results suggest the absence of competitive exclusion. The first two axes of a PCA multivariate analysis of communities represented the densities of native species (axis 1) and P. corethrurus (axis 2) respectively. This suggests that respective densities of the two groups respond to different conditions and that their variations are independent. The density of P. corethrurus co-varied with soil N content and pH in Colombian sites while the densities of other species did not. Our results thus suggest that this invasive species, unlike native species, is able to feed and develop in environments where litter resources are decreased while soils have been enriched in C and nutrients by deforestation and burning. We discuss the reasons why some primary forests in Central America have large populations of P. corethrurus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
Full Text
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