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The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Dark Tetrad and HEXACO traits on two types of malice behavior - antisocial punishment (punishment of cooperative individuals) and revenge. A sample of 141 participants played a modified Joy-of-Destruction game. Divided into pairs, participants first earned a number of points and then destroyed each other's endowments. To better distinguish between antisocial punishment and revenge, participants' starting positions were varied (better, worse, equal) along with feedback about destroyed endowments across blocks. The results revealed the context-specific effect of psychopathy on revenge. In the worse starting position, psychopathy showed a positive relation with revenge, while in the equal or better position, this relation turned negative. The results further showed that Honesty-Humility and Openness had significant and negative effects on revenge. Moreover, it was only in the worse starting position that Honesty-Humility showed a positive relation with the tendency to destroy the opponent's endowments, which could be seen as a tendency towards seeking fairness and establishing balance. Surprisingly, Dark Tetrad and HEXACO traits showed no effects on antisocial punishment., Author(s): Luna Radevic [sup.1] , Bojana M. Dinic [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/00xa57a59, grid.10822.39, 0000 0001 2149 743X, Department of Psychology and Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University [...]

Based on a sample of 372 adult employees who reported being LGB+, this cross-sectional study investigated whether and how personality is related to the disclosure of a non-heterosexual orientation at the workplace, which has not been systematically examined so far. Disclosure at work, the five-factor personality traits, self-esteem, impulsiveness, and locus of control were assessed based on prior findings and conceptual aspects alongside with potential covariates. The results suggest that age, the presence of an intimate relationship, and work hours per week incrementally predicted disclosure behavior at work, which is in line with previous studies. These factors significantly increased the likelihood of disclosing a non-heterosexual orientation at work. Regarding personality, bivariate correlation analyses showed that neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and internal locus of control are related to disclosure behavior at work. This would replicate previous findings on general disclosing behavior. However, when controlling for the shared variance with all relevant personality factors and covariates, only conscientiousness showed incremental validity in explaining disclosure behavior at work. Given that integrity and honesty, as well as authenticity, are key characteristics of conscientious individuals, it may be likely that conscientious LGB + employees tend to disclose their non-heterosexual orientation at work in order to be honest and authentic., Author(s): Cara Sofie Spendler [sup.1] , Timo Lorenz [sup.1] , Monika Fleischhauer [sup.1] , Sören Enge [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/001vjqx13, grid.466457.2, 0000 0004 1794 7698, Department of Psychology, MSB [...]

Currently our understanding of environmental factors that influence the development of dark personality traits (DT) is limited. Therefore, we conducted three studies using online questionnaires, each examining a different aspect of the relation between dark personality traits and family environment. In Study 1, 117 adults (mean age: 30.36 years, SD = 10.19) filled out questionnaires regarding their childhood relationship with siblings and their own DT traits. We found that the amount of conflicts with siblings during adolescence correlated positively with Machiavellianism and psychopathy. The feeling of closeness towards the siblings showed negative correlation with Machiavellianism. Parental partiality towards the other sibling was positively correlated with narcissism. In Study 2, 111 adolescents (mean age: 15.92, SD = 1.24) reported their perceptions of the rearing style of their parents, in addition to their sibling relationships and DT traits. Perceived parental emotional warmth was negatively associated, whereas both rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with psychopathy. Parental warmth was positively, while rejection negatively associated with narcissism. Machiavellianism was positively associated with the amount of conflicts with siblings, but negatively with closeness to siblings. In Study 3, 110 adults (mean age: 32.62 years, SD = 12.25) reported their levels of the Vulnerable Dark Triad that included measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, maladaptive covert narcissism, and borderline personality organization. Results indicated that sibling relation quality had a significant effect on primary psychopathy and borderline traits. Parental rejection and overprotection correlated with borderline traits and vulnerable narcissism. The results of these studies shed some light on how environmental impulses, particularly the quality of relationships between family members, affect the development of personality., Author(s): Tas Ferencz [sup.1] , András Láng [sup.1] , Ferenc Kocsor [sup.1] , Luca Kozma [sup.1] [sup.2] , Andreas Babós [sup.1] , Petra Gyuris [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/037b5pv06, grid.9679.1, [...]

Based on the theory of proactive personality, which proposes that proactive individuals are more likely to shape their surroundings to enhance their person-environment fit compared to passive individuals, we developed a model that addresses the mechanism underlying the relationship between proactive personality and person-environment fit. A sample of a three-wave survey collected from 171 employees was used to examine this model. Regression analyses indicated that proactive personality correlated positively with job crafting. Job crafting fully mediated the relationships between proactive personality and person-organization fit, person-group fit, and person-supervisor fit and partially mediated the relationships of proactive personality with person-job fit and person-vocation fit. In addition, job autonomy moderated the proactive personality-job crafting relationship, and this relationship was stronger for employees with high rather than low job autonomy. The moderated mediation analyses further indicated that the indirect effects of proactive personality on person-job fit, person-organization fit, person-group fit, and person-vocation fit via job crafting are stronger for employees with high rather than low job autonomy. These findings have important implications for career development and counseling., Author(s): Pen-Yuan Liao [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412103.5, 0000 0004 0622 7206, Department of Business Management, College of Management, National United University, , 1 LienDa, 360301, Miaoli, Taiwan Introduction Person-environment [...]

We examined the role of parental personality traits and parenting styles in explaining psychopathic tendencies in children at the beginning of elementary school. One hundred seventy-three parents fulfilled the Big Five Inventory and Parenting Styles Questionnaire for themselves and Child Problematic Traits Inventory for their children (80 boys; M = 5.28 years, SD = 4.12 months). Results revealed a complex interplay between parental personality traits, parenting styles, and children's psychopathic tendencies. Overall, two path analyses revealed that parental Psychopathy Resemblance Index (PRI) has both direct and indirect effects on children psychopathy; parental Agreeableness has both direct and indirect negative effects; Neuroticism through the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles has a positive indirect effect; Openness has a direct negative, while Extraversion has a direct positive effect on children's psychopathic tendencies. Thus, the permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are modelled by parental personality, and they both seem to play an important role in children's psychopathic tendencies. However, all observed effects were small, which can have important implications for early interventions., Author(s): Dino Krupic [sup.1] , Silvija Rucevic [sup.1] , Sandra Vuckovic [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412680.9, 0000 0001 1015 399X, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, University [...]

Individuals high in neuroticism tend to experience greater negative affect when confronted with stressors. In the present study, four other personality traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion) were included to examine their unique contribution to affective reactivity to stress. In addition, three domains of psychological well-being (positive relations with others, environmental mastery, and autonomy) were included to examine whether they mediate the associations between the traits and affective reactivity. Data from a daily diary study were used, collected over 8 days (N = 782). The results of Bayesian multilevel modeling showed that, of the Big Five traits, only neuroticism moderated the relationship between stressful events and experienced negative affect. In other words, among the traits, neuroticism was the only robust predictor of affective reactivity. However, when the three well-being variables were added, neuroticism was no longer a significant predictor. Environmental mastery weakened the association between stressors and negative affect, whereas autonomy reinforced this association. The results of a Bayesian multilevel moderation analysis confirmed that mastery and autonomy fully mediated the relationship between neuroticism and stressor-induced negative affect. An important implication of the study is that the negative influence of neuroticism on affective reactivity can be reduced by developing mastery and competence skills., Author(s): Mohsen Joshanloo [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412091.f, 0000 0001 0669 3109, Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, , 1095 Dalgubeol Boulevard, Dalseo-Gu, 42601, Daegu, South Korea Personality traits are individual [...]

This study investigated the predictive role of temperament, character features, and wisdom functioning in helping and non-helping adult individuals at the time of flooding. The participants were assigned through a purposive sampling procedure and divided into two groups; one with a history of helping (N = 90) and the other without a history of helping (N = 90) at the time of flooding from six flooded cities, Khuzestan province, Iran. The mean age of the total sample was 29.0 years. A demographic questionnaire, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) and the Wisdom Multidimensional Scale (WMS) were used for data gathering. Analysis showed that individuals in helping group had higher harm avoidance and persistence subscales of temperament than individuals in non-helping group. Individuals in the helping group had greater performance in self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence subscales of character than individuals in the non-helping group. Finally, individuals in the helping group had higher performances in openness, experience, interactional aptitude, and practical factors than individuals in the non-helping group. This study demonstrated the role of temperament, character, and wisdom in helping behavior during a crisis., Author(s): Nasrollah Mazraeh [sup.1] , Siamak Khodarahimi [sup.2] , Sonay Sheikhi [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Susangerd Payam Noor University, , Susangerd, Iran (2) grid.411463.5, 0000 0001 0706 2472, Eghlid Branch, [...]

Although previous research suggests that Big Five (BF) and Dark Triad (DT) traits are related to dispositional envy, no studies have simultaneously examined the effects of both groups of traits on an envious disposition operationalised both as a general and dual construct. Moreover, possible mechanisms through which DT trait dimensions may relate to a personal tendency to envy remain obscure. This research presents two studies. First, BF and DT traits were examined as predictors of dispositional envy in a sample of 312 adult participants by using general, malicious, and benign envy scales. Overall, results showed that narcissism, and to a lesser degree Machiavellianism of DT, were the most consistent positive predictors of dispositional envy regardless of the instrument used to measure the construct. Trait neuroticism of BF was a significant positive predictor of an envious disposition measured as a general construct, conscientiousness was a significant negative predictor of envy measured as both a general and malicious disposition, while openness appeared as a weak positive predictor of a benign enviousness. Next, we examined the relationship of DT traits with enviousness in another sample of 233 participants and by using multidimensional measures of DT traits. The results indicated that Entitlement, the lack of Self-sufficiency of the narcissist dimension, and the Machiavellian Cynical view are the most significant factors in predicting dispositional envy. Different associations of BF and DT traits with dispositional envy, measured by distinctive scales, and the links of particular components of the DT traits dimensions with trait envy, were discussed., Author(s): Andrea Milic [sup.1] , Igor Kardum [sup.1] , Domagoj Svegar [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.22939.33, 0000 0001 2236 1630, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University [...]

Decades of studies have focused on the antecedents of leadership emergence, especially the impact of traits on it. Based on the importance of affect in organizations, scholars recently proposed a novel emotion-related trait-trait affective presence-which enables individuals to generally lead others to experience the same affective feelings. We adopted this construct and examined the association between trait affective presence and leadership emergence in small groups by using social relations analyses with TripleR, a package of R, to analyze data from 179 undergraduates from 44 dormitories in China. The results showed that positive rather than negative trait affective presence was significant in explaining peoples' emotions. Regression analysis revealed that positive trait affective presence was positively related to leadership emergence when trait affect and the Big Five personality traits were controlled. The implications of these findings and future research directions were also discussed., Author(s): Yiyi Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Feng Li [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9227.e, 0000000119573309, CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , 16 [...]

Evolutionary scholars have highlighted how there are two normative approaches to enhancing one's status: dominance and prestige. Several individual differences have been found to differentially predict dominance and prestige status-seeking. The four socially aversive personality dimensions embodied within the Dark Tetrad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) seem to be important in understanding the nuance between dominance and prestige. Nonetheless, few researchers have assessed these relations and it is unclear what behavioural mechanisms may facilitate status-striving orientations among those with 'darker' personality traits. In the current study, 516 North American adults (M.sub.age = 37.90, SD = 12.76; 53.1% women) completed self-report measures for the Dark Tetrad, dominance and prestige status-striving, and the perpetration of indirect aggression. Using path analysis, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, but not sadism, positively predicted dominance status-striving, whereas only narcissism positively predicted prestige. The perpetration of indirect aggression was found to mediate the links between psychopathy and sadism with dominance status-striving. Results reaffirm the importance of considering more malevolent personality characteristics regarding the different ways in which adults strive for, accrue, and maintain status. The strategic use of indirect aggression may be a salient means through which those higher in psychopathy and sadism pursue dominance status-striving., Author(s): Adam C. Davis [sup.1] , Tracy Vaillancourt [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.28046.38, 0000 0001 2182 2255, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, , 145 Jean-Jacques-Lussier, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [...]

Background Using Kimbrel's (2008) mediation model of social anxiety as a theoretical framework, the primary aim of the current study was to use path analysis to examine how biased cognitions for negative and threatening social information mediated the relationships for the personality constructs of the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) with generalized and specific social anxiety (target mediation model). A secondary aim was to examine reverse mediation testing (RMT) models, in which the social anxiety constructs were viewed as mediating the relations between RST constructs and biased social cognition constructs. Methods A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires measuring the behavioral inhibition system/fight-flight-freeze system (BIS/FFFS), the behavioral approach system (BAS), social comparison (SC), social ineptness (SI), and generalized and specific social anxiety. Results The findings for the target mediation model showed that there was support for indirect effects for the BIS/FFFS and the BAS on generalized and specific social anxiety through SC and SI. For the RMT model, there was support for the indirect effect of the RST constructs with SI through generalized social anxiety. However, specific generalized anxiety did not mediate the relations of the BIS/FFFS and BAS to SC. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of cognitive therapy that targets SC and SI in the treatment of social anxiety, especially among those with high BIS/FFFS and low BAS., Author(s): Rapson Gomez [sup.1] , Shaun Watson [sup.1] , Vasileios Stavropoulos [sup.2] , Natasha Typuszak [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1040.5, 0000 0001 1091 4859, Federation University Australia, , Ballarat, Australia [...]

Passionate employees are essential for organisational success as they foster higher performance and exhibit lower turnover or absenteeism. While a large body of research has investigated the consequences of passion, we know only little about its antecedents. Integrating trait interaction theory with trait activation theory, this paper examines how personality traits, i.e. conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism impact passion at work across different job situations. Passion has been conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct, consisting of harmonious work passion (HWP) and obsessive work passion (OWP). Our study is based on a sample of N = 824 participants from the myPersonality project. We find a positive relationship between neuroticism and OWP in enterprising environments. Further, we find a three-way interaction between conscientiousness, agreeableness, and enterprising environment in predicting OWP. Our findings imply that the impact of personality configurations on different forms of passion is contingent on the job environment. Moreover, in line with self-regulation theory, the results reveal agreeableness as a 'cool influencer' and neuroticism as a 'hot influencer' of the relationship between conscientiousness and work passion. We derive practical implications for organisations on how to foster work passion, particularly HWP, in organisations., Author(s): Annika Breu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Taha Yasseri [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.6936.a, 0000000123222966, TUM School of Management, Technische Universität München, , Munich, Germany (2) grid.4991.5, 0000 [...]

Available data indicate that the frequency of Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has been increasing over the years. Although there is some debate as to whether or not this behavior corresponds to true addiction, comorbidity has been found with problematic outcomes typically related to traditional addictions. Thus, there is interest in better understanding which individual variables interact with this behavior. The present study uses a large sex-balanced sample covering a wide age range to shed light on this question. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between personality, assessed by Zuckerman's alternative five-factor model, and PSU. The possible mediating role of individual decision-making styles as well as the effect of sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, and social position are also investigated. The results indicated a strong association between Aggressiveness, Neuroticism, and, to a lesser extent, Sensation Seeking with PSU. The decision-making styles that were most related to the problematic use of smartphones were Avoidant and Spontaneous. Neuroticism, Sensation Seeking, and Aggression explained 24% of the variance of the PSU measure. Only Avoidant showed some incremental validity for this model. However, a mediation analysis by structural equation modeling revealed generally significant indirect effects for Avoidant and Spontaneous, explaining part of the effect of personality on the factor assessed by the PSU measure. The percentage of variance explained for latent scores ranged from 20-32%. The practical implications of the study and future research directions are discussed., Author(s): Patricia Urieta [sup.1] [sup.2] , Miguel A. Sorrel [sup.3] , Anton Aluja [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ferran Balada [sup.1] [sup.4] , Elena Lacomba [sup.1] [sup.2] , Luis F. García [sup.3] [...]

Sport fandom has been associated with greater social psychological health, increased life structure, and the satisfaction of the needs for belonging and distinctiveness. However, sport fandom is also linked to interpersonal violence, aggressive tendencies, and overconsumption of alcohol. These negative outcomes often occur in tandem with higher levels of dysfunctional fandom, or sport identification and spectatorship with an emphasis on toxic and aggressive fan culture. In the current paper, a trio of studies are utilized to investigate the association between dysfunctional fandom and Dark Triad traits (study one), perspective taking (study two), and restrictive emotionality (study three) to build upon past research and provide greater clarity regarding the nature of the construct. Keywords: fandom; dysfunctional fandom; emotions; Dark Triad, Research targeting the psychology of sport fandom reveals that there are two sides to this activity: a positive side highlighting the psychological benefits of sport fandom, and a darker side [...]

The Internet has become an indispensable part of life, with people now spending a substantial portion of their time in cyberspace. While cyberspace has some benefits, owing to its anonymity and indirect nature, its accessibility has also resulted in cases of cyber aggression. This cross-sectional study identified the predictors of cyber aggression among university students. Data were collected from 400 university students using an online questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of university students' cyber aggression, including Type D personality and moral disengagement. The regression model identified that, in an anonymous context, cyber aggression was more prevalent among students who were male and who displayed Type D personality traits, lower moral justification, higher advantageous comparison, higher distortion of consequences, and higher attribution of blame. Further, cyber aggression in a non-anonymous context was more prevalent among male students; namely, students with a lower social inhibition aspect of Type D personality; and students with higher advantageous comparison, distortion of consequences, and attribution of blame. There were significant differences in cyber aggression in an anonymous context according to gender and Type D personality. Furthermore, Type D personality and moral disengagement were associated with the degree of cyber aggression. Therefore, to promote healthy Internet use and prevent cyber aggression, gender-specific and personality-specific interventions should be developed, and strategies that prevent moral disengagement in university students should be implemented., Author(s): Haeyoung Lee [sup.1] , Sun Joo Jang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.254224.7, 0000 0001 0789 9563, Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974, Seoul, [...]

Health-Risk Behaviours (HRBs) are significant antecedent conditions of adverse health outcomes among adolescents, and their prevention requires an in-depth understanding of associated factors. Like any other behaviour, HRBs may be an outcome of a complex interplay between personal and situational factors that determines our responses. Among other factors, emotional tendencies, specific behavioural patterns, and psychosocial environment may be the significant factors working at different hierarchical positions within a system and guiding human behaviours, including HRBs. Previous studies have explored the role of these specific factors in developing and maintaining HRBs, but mainly among the adult population, and no conclusive results could be observed regarding their contribution to HRBs in adolescents. The present study explored the predictability of adolescents' engagement in HRBs with regard to three representations of the mentioned factors, i.e., emotion regulation difficulties, perceived parenting practices and personality traits. A total of 723 (Males = 440) adolescents (M.sub.age = 16.05, SD = 1.1) provided relevant information on the standardized questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the stated hypotheses. Analysis revealed that the adolescents who reported more difficulty regulating one's emotions, perceived parenting practice as maladaptive, scored high on neuroticism and low on conscientiousness, showed more engagement in HRBs than their counterparts. Further, the findings indicated that emotion regulation difficulties and perceived parenting practices are stronger predictors of HRBs than personality traits. Interventional programs targeting HRBs among adolescents should address specific facets of emotional dysregulation and sensitise parents about their role in moderating adolescents' HRBs., Author(s): Parwinder Singh [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.462391.b, 0000 0004 1769 8011, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, , Rupnagar, Punjab, India Health-Risk Behaviours (HRBs) [...]

The promotion of mental health, and the prevention of psychological disease, have come increasingly into focus in recent years. This is especially true for adolescents and young adults, who due to their stages in development face unique challenges in achieving good mental health. Among these challenges is the formation of major psychological constructs such as self-esteem and personality. The interaction between these variables and others such as subjective well-being and internalizing problems may help explain how a person's mental health is determined. 150 college students answered self-report questionnaires on self-esteem, the Big Five traits, subjective well-being, and internalizing problems. The results showed that self-esteem played a mediating role between subjective well-being and internalizing problems. One Big Five trait, neuroticism, was found to play a moderating role in this mediation relationship between self-esteem and internalizing problems. Our findings suggest that a person's psychological development, influenced by a complex mix of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional forces, plays a unique role in the dynamic between mental wellness and mental illness. The broader impact of the findings is to develop mental health treatment plans for emerging adults to promote positive development., Author(s): J. Trent Waltz [sup.1] , Catherine P. Chou [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.263825.8, 0000 0001 2294 369X, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Southeast Missouri State University, , Cape [...]

Person-Environment fit theories claim that students choose their academic path according to their personality. In this regard, teacher candidates are of special interest. On the one hand, they all make the same choice to enroll in a teacher education program. On the other hand, they make different choices with respect to the subjects they are going to teach. If the Person-Environment fit approach also applies to the selection regarding teacher candidates' subject areas, teacher candidates from different majors might have different personality traits and as a result, different starting conditions for becoming a successful teacher. Such differences need to be taken into account by teacher education in order to create programs that allow teacher candidates from different majors to equally succeed. Therefore, the current study investigates to what extent personality group differences across majors occur within the population of teacher candidates. Using data from a large-scale study, the Big Five personality traits of 1735 female and 565 male teacher candidates were analyzed, with teacher candidates compared to male (n = 1122) and female (n = 1570) students who studied the same major but who did not intend to become teachers. Unlike previous studies, academic majors were not grouped into few broad categories, but eight different majors were distinguished. The results indicate that teacher candidates are more extraverted than their non-teaching counterparts. In addition, personality trait differences between teacher candidates from different majors could be observed. The results are discussed as they relate to the recruitment and training of future teachers., Author(s): Florian G. Hartmann [sup.1] , Bernhard Ertl [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7752.7, 0000 0000 8801 1556, Institute of Educational Sciences, Universität der Bundeswehr München, , Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, [...]

The current study aims to examine the influence of personality traits (alternative Zuckerman model) and driving anger in the explanation of risky driving style in individuals convicted for road safety offences (N = 245), using as a basis an adaptation of the context-mediated model. This is a transversal, descriptive study designed to be implemented by means of surveys, in which took part 245 men convicted of road safety offences from five prisons in Galicia (a region in northwestern Spain) took part. The average age of the participants was 38.73 years (Sx-9.61), with a range between 18 and 64 years. All participants had three or more years of driving experience. Our data shows that the Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (Imp-SS) personality trait had a direct and positive effect on dangerous driving, while the Activity (Act) trait had a direct but negative effect. The Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host) trait, in turn, influenced the risky driving style, but not directly, but by raising driving anger levels, so it acted as a powerful mediator between the Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Hos) trait and the risky driving style. In general, our research partially replicates and expands previous findings regarding the model used, the aggression-hostility personality trait (Agg-Host) was placed in the distal context, driving anger in the proximal context, while age and personality traits Activity (Act) and Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (Imp-SS) were direct predictors. The results of this study may have practical implications for the detection and rehabilitation of offenders and penalties for road safety offences., Author(s): José María Faílde-Garrido [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yolanda Rodríguez-Castro [sup.1] , Antonio González-Fernández [sup.1] , Manuel Antonio García-Rodríguez [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.6312.6, 0000 0001 2097 6738, University of Vigo, [...]

Research on the issues surrounding false allegations of assault against men has been largely based on review of official documentation, not on questions asked of the women themselves. This limits what we know about variables that might contribute explanation as to why some women deliberately lie about having been assaulted. In our survey of 255 women (both college students and community members), 18 admitted they had fictitiously claimed to have been assaulted either to official investigators, or to friends and family members. Their stated motives included revenge, fear, and embarrassment. Our participants also rated the extent to which they could imagine a situation in which they would make a(nother) false claim in the future-101 (39.6%) of them rated this item positively to differing degrees. We also examined individual difference variables including the 'dark triad' traits and four measures of sexist beliefs. While Machiavellianism and psychopathy had positive relationships with how easily participants could imagine making a false claim, several of the sexism beliefs explained more variance in imagined intent to falsify a claim, particularly among the women who admitted having made one previously., Author(s): Sharon Bertsch [sup.1] , Kasandra Matthews [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.469265.a, 0000 0004 0634 0663, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, , 450 Schoolhouse Road, 15904, Johnstown, PA, USA Introduction [...]

Ethics Position Theory (EPT) (Forsyth, 1980 (See CR21)) states that people have relatively stable implicit moral philosophies in terms of degree for idealism and relativism. The present study hypothesizes that the complexity of a situation might lead to shift in their ethical ideologies. The level of complexity any situation poses is assessed based on centrality approach, i.e. stakeholder centrality (self/other) and situational centrality (rational/emotional). The extent of shift in various ethical positions has been examined in detail in the present study and is individually assessed for all four ethical position dimensions i.e. absolutists, exceptionists, situationists and subjectivists. The 2X2 between groups experiment is designed which traces the shifting patterns of 224 professionals with a mean age of 24.4 years. The results show mobility and retention of ethical moral personalities and states that individuals tend to anchor high idealism in rational situations when it directly impacts their selves. However when situation impacts others, there is more reliance on relativism. The study also states that when emotions are involved in situations, people tend to anchor more towards high relativism., Author(s): Tuheena Mukherjee [sup.1] , Ayesh K. Padhi [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.444608.a, 0000 0004 0498 4174, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, , IIFT Bhawan, B-21, Qutub Institutional Area, 110016, [...]

Does our personality predict what we see? This question was studied in 100 university students with binocular rivalry paradigm by presenting incompatible images to each eye, allowing multiple interpretations of the same sensory input. During continuous binocular presentation, dominance of perception starts to fluctuate between the images. When neither of the images is fully suppressed, the two images combine into mixed percepts. We focused on the link between mixed percepts, big-five traits, and empathy. The results revealed that openness and agreeableness correlated with the occurrence of mixed percepts after the first dominant perception. However, these correlations of openness and agreeableness were mediated by cognitive empathy. In addition, openness had a direct association with reporting the initial percept in the onset of stimulation as a mixed percept, suggesting a mechanism that is separate from the one mediated by cognitive empathy. Overall, the results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that personality predicts what we see. Such individual differences in perceptual interpretations may be linked to both higher level cognitive mechanisms as well as lower level visual mechanisms., Author(s): Mika Koivisto [sup.1] , Maija Virkkala [sup.1] , Mika Puustinen [sup.1] , Jetta Aarnio [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1374.1, 0000 0001 2097 1371, Department of Psychology, University of Turku, [...]

A growing research base supports the separate and distinct role of Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) in the etiology of anxiety disorders. AS is a belief that experiencing anxiety will cause negative consequences cognitively, psychologically, and physically. There is an interest in understanding how well transdiagnostic factors such as Anxiety Sensitivity can identify different anxiety disorders. This study examined the role of anxiety sensitivity as measured by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index- 3 (ASI-3; Taylor et al., 2007) in relation to social anxiety symptoms using two different measures: Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS; Mattick & Clarke, 1989) and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE, Leary, 1983). One hundred ninety-eight participants completed self-report measures assessing anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety, positive and negative affect and social anxiety symptoms. Regression analyses results showed that the ASI-3 Social Concerns factor significantly estimated both BFNE and SIAS symptoms. Trait anxiety and positive and negative affect were differentially effective in estimating BFNE and SIAS symptoms. Seven variables accounted for 50% of the variance in self-reported social anxiety symptoms. These findings provide insight into the etiology of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and support the transdiagnostic value and incremental validity of the ASI-3 in predicting social anxiety symptoms., Author(s): Crystal M. Brooke [sup.1] , Robert C. Intrieri [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.268180.5, 0000 0001 2179 1284, Department of Psychology, Western Illinois University, , 1 University Circle, 61455-1390, Macomb, [...]

Psychopathic personality traits are positively associated with externalising behaviours, and negatively associated with internalising behaviours. However, the contribution of different facets of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) in explaining externalising and internalising behaviours across genders are inconsistent. In this study, we explored gender differences in the assessment of, and relationships between, psychopathic personality traits, trait anxiety, social anxiety, depression, mental health, and aggressive behaviour in 822 students from a German University (586 women, 236 men; M.sub.age = 22.27). Using a structural equation model, we found a positive relationship between aggressive behaviour and all three facets of psychopathy, a positive relationship between internalising behaviours and disinhibition, and a significant negative relationship between internalising behaviours and boldness. Despite gender differences in absolute levels of these variables, the overall pattern of the relationships between variables was consistent across genders. This indicates that symptom level differences across gender cannot be accounted for by variation in early developing personality traits like psychopathy., Author(s): Hedwig Eisenbarth [sup.1] [sup.2] , Claire M. Hart [sup.2] , Johanna Zechmeister [sup.3] , Brigitte M. Kudielka [sup.3] , Stefan Wüst [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.267827.e, 0000 0001 2292 [...]

In this brief report, we examined (N = 449; 50.1% men) the role of the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., psychopathy, sadism, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) and Fundamental Social Motives (i.e., social bonds, status, safety, mate-seeking, mate-retention, pathogen avoidance, family, and autonomy) in relation to self-reported perpetration of cyberstalking short-term and long-term intimate partners. Women were more likely to cyberstalk long-term partners, those with higher levels of Dark Tetrad traits were more likely to cyberstalk their partners regardless of relationship context, and Fundamental Social Motives only played a minor role. Results highlight the importance of exploring intimate partner cyberstalking across different relationship contexts., Author(s): Evita March [sup.1] , Piotr Szymczak [sup.2] , Melissa Smoker [sup.3] , Peter K. Jonason [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1040.5, 0000 0001 1091 4859, Federation University Australia, , [...]

As a core component of personality, self-esteem not only has an important impact on the development of individual personality, but also has a direct or indirect impact on individual physical and mental health. Some studies have shown that explicit self-esteem can be improved through intervention, but there are few studies on the effect of implicit self-esteem intervention. Based on the integration of information in the brain during sleep, this study investigated the effects of the combination of self-esteem training and Target Memory Reactivation (TMR) on implicit self-esteem. The results show that: (1) self-esteem training can improve individual implicit self-esteem, but did not reach statistical significance level; (2) after self-esteem training, there was no significant change in implicit self-esteem level when uncoupled audio cues were played during sleep; (3) after the TMR, individuals' implicit self-esteem level changed significantly, and the effect could still be maintained one week later., Author(s): Li Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yizhen Wang [sup.2] , Ying Zhang [sup.2] , Ying Wang [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412260.3, 0000 0004 1760 1427, School of Psychology, Key Laboratory [...]

The paper analyses the survey data collected among 100 Thai respondents to study the impact of personality traits based on Goldberg's big five personality model and of mindfulness on risk aversion of individuals. PLS-SEM was performed in R Version 3.6.3 with plsSEM package. The results of the study show that agreeable people tend to be significantly less mindful, but individuals exhibiting conscientiousness, emotional stability and Openness tend to be significantly more mindful. The analysis of factors affecting risk aversion indicates that people characterized by agreeableness and emotional stability are significantly less risk averse, but people characterized by conscientiousness and Openness are significantly more risk averse. The analysis of the interaction between mindfulness and risk aversion indicates that more mindful individuals tend to be more risk averse. In addition, mindfulness has a significant mediating role on the association between personality traits and risk aversion. Specifically, mindfulness positively mediates the impact of conscientiousness and openness on risk aversion, but it negatively mediates the impact of agreeableness on risk aversion. Moreover, although emotional stability shows a direct negative impact on risk aversion, it has a significant positive impact on mindfulness, with mindfulness having a significant positive impact on risk aversion. The research has also shown that older people and women tend to be more risk averse, but men and married individuals are found to have lower degree of risk aversion. Education and income did not have significant impact on risk aversion of individuals., Author(s): Vesarach Aumeboonsuke [sup.1] , Anetta Caplanova [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.443735.2, 0000 0004 0622 7150, National Institute of Development Administration, International College, , 118 Moo3, Serithai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, [...]

This study examines the relationship between behavioral biases (herd behavior bias, overconfidence bias, and loss aversion bias) and the Big Five Personality traits. An exploratory study is devised to explore the links between biases and personality. The study develops a structured test battery to measure the biases. The items measuring overconfidence, loss aversion, and herd behavior bias was conceptualized and validated in the study. The test battery was sent out to 294 investors, and with a response percentage of 68%, 200 respondents returned the survey. The study employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the psychological biases questionnaire and employed structural equation modeling for path analysis. Two of the big five personality traits, i.e., Extraversion and Openness to experience, reported a significant causal relationship with all three biases., Author(s): Vibhash Kumar [sup.1] , Ria Dudani [sup.1] , Latha K. [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8195.5, 0000 0001 2109 4999, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, , 110019, New Delhi, India [...]

This study examined sex differences in domain and facet scores from six personality tests in various large adult samples. The aim was to document differences in large adult groups which might contribute new data to this highly contentious area. We reported on sex differences on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); the Five Factor NEO-PI-R; the Hogan Personality Indicator (HPI); the Motives and Values Preferences Indicator (MVPI); the Hogan Development Survey (HDS) and the High Potential Trait Indicator (HPTI). Using multivariate ANOVAs we found that whilst there were many significant differences on these scores, which replicated other studies, the Cohen's d statistic showed very few (3 out of 130) differences >.50. Results from each test were compared and contrasted, particularly where they are measuring the same trait construct. Implications and limitations for researchers interested in assessment and selection are discussed., Author(s): Adrian Furnham [sup.1] , Luke Treglown [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.413074.5, 0000 0001 2361 9429, Norwegian Business School (BI), , Nydalveien, Olso, Norway (2) Thomas International, , London, UK [...]

Little research has been done to examine how different personality traits (both 'positive' and less desirable attributes) contribute to various aspects of creativity from a domain-specific point of view. The present study thus aimed to investigate the relationships between two types of personality traits (the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits) and three types of indicators of creativity (divergent thinking, creative activities, and creative achievements) among 559 university-level Chinese students. Results indicated that Openness served as a common core of both creative potential (divergent thinking) and real-life creativity (creative activities and achievements) at almost all levels and domains. Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were found to be significant predictors of real-life creativity in specific domains and levels (i.e., literature and sports). No significant relationship was found between Neuroticism and any indicator of creativity after controlling for the other Big Five traits. Compared to the Big Five traits, the Dark Triad traits had limited influence on creativity, with only Machiavellianism being a significant and positive predictor of literary and performance activities, and Narcissism being a significant and positive predictor of originality. Implications of the findings are discussed., Author(s): Jiajun Guo [sup.1] , Jing Zhang [sup.2] , Filip De Fruyt [sup.3] , Weiguo Pang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.22069.3f, 0000 0004 0369 6365, School of Psychology and Cognitive [...]

Individuals with psychopathic traits have been identified to display insecure attachment. However, it is not clear which attachment dimension contributes more to high psychopathic traits, and more specifically to callous-unemotional (CU) traits, which parental relationship is more influential and if this differs across gender. This study examined the associations of adult attachment dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) and parental factors (regard, responsibility and control) with CU traits (N = 1149) using Hierarchical Linear Regression. The relationship with both parents was assessed separately to identify their unique contribution to CU traits in males and females respectively. The avoidant attachment positively predicted while the anxiety attachment dimension negatively predicted CU traits and this was the case for both male and female participants. Interestingly, maternal regard was a negative predictor of CU traits in males only, whereas paternal responsibility arose as a positive predictor of CU traits in females only. Attachment dimensions explained the largest variance in both males and females. Findings point to the importance of attachment dimensions contributing to CU traits even in an adult sample. Parental variables were less influential on CU traits compared to attachment related variables and findings suggest that there are differences between males and females. These findings have important implications for gender differentiated attachment based interventions for individuals with CU traits., Author(s): Melina Nicole Kyranides [sup.1] , Anastasia Kokkinou [sup.2] , Somia Imran [sup.1] , Melis Cetin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4305.2, 0000 0004 1936 7988, Department of Clinical & Health [...]

Examining factors that protect against the negative repercussions of stress on everyday functioning is paramount. This experimental study investigated the effects of music listening and personality on the reduction of perceived stress and cognitive performance. Seventy adults (18-45 years, M = 22.8, SD = 6.6) completed measures of the Dark Triad traits (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), music preferences, and music uses, and undertook a stress-inducing procedure. Participants were randomly allocated to three groups: hip-hop/rap, classical music, control, being exposed to the respective genre or silence for 20 min after the predicted peak in stress. Results showed that classical and hip-hop/rap music equally facilitated stress reduction. Narcissism predicted lower stress when classical music preference was high. Narcissism also predicted enhanced performance but also greater stress, when paired with infrequent stress-management through music. These novel findings demonstrate how particular genres and traits, despite being predominantly negatively perceived, can enhance stress reduction or cognitive performance., Author(s): Teresa Gomes Arrulo [sup.1] , Michail Doumas [sup.1] , Kostas A. Papageorgiou [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4777.3, 0000 0004 0374 7521, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, , David [...]

The analysis of sociodemographic variables such as age and sex has demonstrated their importance in entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, it is important to study the role these variables play in entrepreneurial personality. The aim of this research was to examine measurement invariance of the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE), and to study the differences in entrepreneurial personality as a function of sex, age, and being self-employed or not. The sample comprised 1170 participants (>30 years old: 76.1%; women: 60%; self-employed: 13%). We analyzed various levels of measurement invariance: configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance. The BEPE showed measurement invariance with respect to age, sex and type of employment at all of the invariance levels. We also found differences in entrepreneurial personality as a function of these sociodemographic variables., Author(s): Álvaro Postigo [sup.1] , Eduardo García-Cueto [sup.1] , José Muñiz [sup.2] , Covadonga González-Nuevo [sup.1] , Marcelino Cuesta [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10863.3c, 0000 0001 2164 6351, Department of [...]

Author(s): Evita March [sup.1] , Jessica Z. Marrington [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1040.5, 0000 0001 1091 4859, School of Science, Psychology, and Sport, Federation University Australia, , Berwick Campus, 3806, [...]

We investigated differences in personality traits (Big-5) and human values amongst four groups of Brazilian students staying at home or studying abroad. Two groups came from Brazilian universities: one had no interest studying abroad (n = 112), while the other group was interested studying abroad (n = 227). The third and fourth groups were Brazilian sojourners (n = 121) and Brazilians returning to the country after finishing a degree abroad (n = 150). Results showed that students who were not interested in studying abroad had lower scores on excitement values and on the personality trait of openness when compared to the other three groups. Overall, students interested in studying abroad did not differ significantly from sojourners or returnees, except on the trait of agreeableness and the value of excitement, in which they scored lower than sojourners and returnees, respectively., Author(s): Roosevelt Vilar [sup.1] , James H. Liu [sup.1] , Gabriel L. H. Coelho [sup.2] , Paul H. P. Hanel [sup.3] , Rafaella C. R. Araújo [sup.1] , Renan P. [...]

The efforts to link the individual differences in personality to the individual differences in sleep-wake behavior have a long history. One of the topics of such research might be to determine the strength of association between these two domains of individual variation. This requires the implementation of several inventories designed for integrative multidimensional assessments of a set of broad personality traits and a set of sleep-wake behavioral traits. Four independent samples were collected (in total, 759 individuals) for estimating general overlap between the domains of individual variation in personality psychology and chronobiology. Canonical correlation analyses provided the estimates of general overlap of six broad personality traits assessed with the 172-word RCIP (Rugby Cake Inventory of Personality) with six distinct sleep-wake adaptabilities assessed with the 72-item SWPAQ (Sleep-Wake Pattern Assessment Questionnaire) and the SWAT (Sleep-Wake Adaptability Test) in two, the 60- and 168-item, versions. It was demonstrated that general overlap between individual variation in two domains was significant and replicable albeit rather weak (6%-8%). Moreover, regression analyses of specific overlaps of each of six scales for assessing sleep-wake adaptability with a set of six scales for personality assessment suggested that a score on any of adaptability scales seemed to be a significant predictor of, at least, one of six scores on personality trait scales. Studies in other tongues are desired for the replication of the results indicating the statistically significant general and specific overlaps between personality traits and sleep-wake adaptabilities., Author(s): Arcady A. Putilov [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Victor V. Nechunaev [sup.4] [sup.5] , Roman O. Budkevich [sup.6] , Elena V. Budkevich [sup.6] , Sergey N. Kolomeichuk [sup.7] , Artem [...]

Research on the association of the Dark Tetrad (DT) personalities and psychological capital (PsyCap) has been insufficient. Most of the existing studies regarded PsyCap as a consequence of personality differences and took it as an internal mechanism between personality and outcome variables. However, the exact causality of personality and PsyCap is still unclear. Thus, we aimed at proving the causal relationship (Study 1) and mediating role of PsyCap between DT and health variables (Study 2). In study 1, a total of 373 students (aged 17 to 25) participated in the 10-months longitudinal study and filled questionnaires concerning the DT and PsyCap. In study 2, a total of 858 young adults (aged 18 to 25) completed questionnaires of the DT, PsyCap, and health. All components of the dark personality and PsyCap remain stable across time. The negative correlation between psychopathy and PsyCap was the closest, followed by Machiavellianism and sadism. Narcissism was positively related to PsyCap. Primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism were antecedents of PsyCap, while PsyCap merely was the predictor of sadism. PsyCap mediated the association of dark personalities and health. Our findings uncovered the association of the DT and PsyCap and further confirmed the uniqueness of the four components of the DT, which might be explained by PsyCap. Moreover, PsyCap does link the tie between dark personalities and health., Author(s): Xueli Zhu [sup.1] , Yaoguo Geng [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20513.35, 0000 0004 1789 9964, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, , 100875, Beijing, China (2) grid.207374.5, 0000 0001 [...]

Reactance is a critical concept for understanding adolescents' noncompliance and resistance to behavioral change. Traditionally, reactance has been conceptualized as a state comprising negative emotions and cognitions. However, research indicates that one's proneness to reactance can be considered a personality trait. The present study aimed to develop a current understanding of individual differences in trait reactance from a biopsychosocial perspective. Adolescents (n = 1837) completed Cloninger's Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and two validated measures of trait reactance. A person-centered analytical approach was used to assess how clusters of adolescents with distinct temperament profiles, character profiles (Latent Profile Analysis), and integrated temperament-character personality networks (Latent Class Analysis) differed in reactance. High reactance was characteristic of adolescents with temperament profiles involving high novelty seeking and low harm avoidance. High behavioral reactance was characteristic of adolescents with immature character profiles. Finally, high reactance was characteristic of adolescents with integrated personality networks reflecting emotional instability, immature intentionality, and low self-awareness.. This study expands current knowledge by showing how individual differences in trait reactance correspond to structural differences in personality. Specifically, our findings indicate that high trait reactance in adolescents is an expression of maladaptive organizations of biopsychosocial processes. This more nuanced understanding of trait reactance can aid the development of contexts (e.g. clinical, educational, society, communication) for promoting positive outcomes in adolescents will all types of personality., Author(s): Paulo A. S. Moreira [sup.1] [sup.2] , Richard A. Inman [sup.2] , C. Robert Cloninger [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10210.32, 0000 0000 9215 0321, Instituto de Psicologia e de [...]

Violence against women is a global health problem. Some pathological personality traits have been associated with violence. However, the relation between personality type and dating violence, especially in Mexican students, is not fully known. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between personality type and dating violence in female university students of the State of Mexico, Mexico. Cross-sectional study conducted from February to September 2019 at a private university in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Female students of the bachelor's degrees in the field of health sciences were included. Socio-demographic data, dating violence, and personality type were evaluated through questionnaires. Adjusted logistic regression models were applied, using STATA v.13. Students with an extroverted personality were 2.45 more likely to suffer dating violence (95% CI 1.29 to 4.63), adjusted for covariates. Those who reported childhood abuse (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.01) and whom their partners had a history of drug use (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.60) or who currently use drugs (OR = 4.85, 95% CI 0.92 to 25.7), were more likely to suffer dating violence, adjusted for covariates. Students with extroverted personality were more likely to experience dating violence, compared to those with introverted personality. The results show the need to produce further research to identify specific traits within extroverted female population which makes them vulnerable to dating violence., Author(s): Karla L. Cortés-Treviño [sup.1] [sup.2] , Adriana Garduño-Alanis [sup.2] [sup.3] , Guadalupe Villalobos Monroy [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412872.a, 0000 0001 2174 6731, Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Educación, [...]

The Dark Triad of personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) was explored in relation to honesty rules in romantic relationships. These traits have been found to predict deception in romantic relationships, lower relationship commitment, and preference for short-term relationships. Given these findings, the Dark Triad was expected to predict stronger endorsement of discretionary honesty rules that are flexible on deception, but weaker endorsement of obligatory rules that are strict on honesty. Participants completed the Short Dark Triad scale (SD3) and reported their endorsement of honesty rules in romantic relationships. Results indicated that Machiavellianism and Psychopathy predicted stronger endorsement of discretionary rules, while only Psychopathy predicted weaker endorsement of obligatory rules. Implications of these findings are discussed., Author(s): Mónica E. Muñoz [sup.1] , Sissy De Los Reyes [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.264755.7, 0000 0000 8747 9982, Department of Psychology and Communication, Texas A&M International University, , 5201 [...]

During an internship, some interns perform better when they perceive trust from their supervisors. This might be because a trustee's self-efficacy increases when a trustor reveals a willingness to take a chance on the trustee. It empowers interns to believe that they are capable. Hence, this study aimed to examine whether interns' trust in a supervisor moderated the model of internship self-efficacy as a mediator of proactive personality and performance. A total of 158 interns voluntarily participated in this study on three occasions, with a three-month interval between study periods. The results suggest that internship self-efficacy positively mediated the relationship between proactive personality and performance. In addition, the results of a moderated mediating analysis indicated that the interns' trust in their supervisors weakened the positive effects of proactive personality on performance through internship self-efficacy. These results underscore the importance of situational and personal effects in the connections between proactive personality, internship self-efficacy, and performance., Author(s): Shin-Huei Lin [sup.1] , Mei-Yen Chen [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.445052.2, 0000 0004 0639 3773, Department of Leisure Management, National Pingtung University, , No.51, Minsheng E. Rd., 90004, Pingtung [...]