67 results on '"Penicilina"'
Search Results
2. Diagnóstico de alergia inmediata para penicilina: estudio piloto
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Julinela Armenta Morales, Dulce Mariel Ruiz Sanchez, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, Jose Sergio Papaqui Tapia, Juan Jesús Ríos López, Aida Ines López García, Chrystopherson Gengyny Caballero Lopez, and Yosahandi Pacheco Jiménez
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Alergia ,Penicilina ,Bencilpeniciloil polilisina ,Penicilina G ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Objetivos: Confirmar la presencia de alergia a penicilina y amoxicilina mediante pruebas de exposición in vivo, en pacientes que refieren antecedente de reacción inmediata con estos medicamentos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y prolectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 12 y 60 años con antecedente de reacción inmediata tras administración de penicilina y/o amoxicilina. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas por prick e intradérmicas con bencilpeniciloil polilisina y penicilina G, así como desafío oral con amoxicilina. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes femeninos y 3 masculinos. La edad promedio fue 39 años. En 84,6% de los casos la última reacción adversa a medicamentos ocurrió 10 años atrás y en todos los casos se manifestó con urticaria. Sólo en el 38,4% se corroboró alergia a penicilina. La reacción adversa más frecuente, tras las pruebas de exposición in vivo fue prurito en el 23%. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con sospecha de alergia a penicilina se deben evaluar mediante pruebas de exposición in vivo con los determinantes mayores y menores, para corroborar o descartar reacciones alérgicas y mejorar las condiciones de tratamiento.
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- 2023
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3. Alergia a penicilina
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Margarita Ortega-Cisneros, Victoria Leilani Moras-Villela, Angélica Delgado-Bañuelos, Ileana María Madrigal-Beas, Yoal Aguilar-Chávez, Itzel Vianey Ochoa-García, Miguel Ángel Chávez-Meléndez, and Noemí Gómez-Hernández
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Betalactámico ,Alergia ,Penicilina ,Desensibilización ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Los betalactámicos son los antimicrobianos más utilizados por su seguridad y eficacia. En este grupo se incluyen las penicilinas, las cefalosporinas, los carbapenémicos y los monobactámicos. La penicilina constituye la primera causa de alergia a medicamentos: 10 a 20 % de la población se etiqueta como alérgica a la misma, en muchas ocasiones erróneamente. Se ha reportado reacción cruzada entre penicilinas y cefalosporina en 2 a 5 %. No hay reacción cruzada entre penicilinas y aztreonam, pero sí con ceftazidima. En la fisiopatología de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a penicilina se incluyen todos los mecanismos de la clasificación de Gell y Coombs. La estratificación de acuerdo con el riesgo permite tomar la decisión más objetiva para etiquetar al paciente como alérgico. En la evolución natural de la alergia a la penicilina, 80 a 90 % de los pacientes pierde dicha sensibilidad a los 10 años. De ser indispensable, el paciente puede ser sometido a un protocolo de desensibilización. El médico inmunoalergologo es una pieza clave en la selección del paciente, la elaboración de los protocolos de reto y la desensibilización en un ambiente controlado.
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- 2022
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4. Early congenital syphilis, an old disease still occurring in the modern era: case report and literature review.
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Pop, Emilia, Grama, Alina, Bodea, Laura, Simu, Claudia, Chirileasa, Beatrice, Lucaciu, Cristina, Asăvoaie, Carmen, Coşarcă, Mihaela, and Pop, Tudor Lucian
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CONGENITAL, hereditary, & infantile syphilis , *TREPONEMA pallidum , *C-reactive protein , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *ENCEPHALITIS - Abstract
Introduction. Congenital syphilis is a well-known infectious disease caused by the passing of Treponema pallidum from the infected mother to the fetus. In most cases, it leads to fetal death. Still, in the survivors, it can manifest clinically as early congenital syphilis in the first two years of life or late congenital syphilis after ward. Current epidemiological data suggest that the incidence is very low in developed countries due to screening. Case report. We report the case of a 2-month-old male infant who presented with a sepsis-like picture, generalized edema, and hepatosplenomegaly. He had elevated inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and procalcitonin), acute kidney injury, and fulminant liver failure. The radiographic exam revealed periostitis of the long bones. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed encephalitis, ventriculomegaly and cerebral atrophy, suggesting neurosyphilis. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis was confirmed by the positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. We initiated the treatment with penicillin, then we associated ceftriaxone for neurological involvement. He also needed blood transfusions due to severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, diuretics, and hydrocortisone treatment. Conclusions. There are cases when screening methods are omitted, therefore congenital syphilis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis in young infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Surveillance of Sensitivity to Penicillin in streptococcus Agalactiae recovered from pregnant women between 35-37 weeks of gestation.
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Lucía Müller Velázquez, Fernando Bobadilla, Marina Novosak, Iliana Cortese, and Margarita Laczeski
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Streptococcus agalactiae ,SGB ,antimicrobiano ,penicilina ,profilaxis intraparto ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) cause severe infections in newborns under three months. Meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis are the main infectious diseases in these children. These infections are among the most serious that an individual can suffer in his first twelve hours of life. The child acquires the infection by vertical transmission of the colonized mother. To prevent neonatal disease, penicillin is recommended as the drug of choice for intrapartum prophylaxis (PIP) in pregnant women colonized. However, strains with decreased susceptibility to penicillin have been detected so it is important to monitor the susceptibility to penicillin to ensure its usefulness during prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to penicillin in GBS strains recovered from pregnant women with 35-37 weeks of gestation. Ninety-six isolates were studied and sensitivity was determined by the epsilometric method Etest® (LIOFILCHEM, Italy), following the recommendations of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained for each bacterial isolation. 100% (96) of the strains studied were sensitive to penicillin with MIC values between 0.012 and 0.094 ?g mL-1. These results indicate that penicillin remains the antimicrobial of choice during intrapartum prophylaxis, for the prevention of neonatal disease caused by GBS in our region. The importance of epidemiological surveillance of sensitivity to penicillin and other antimicrobials is highlighted in order to alert new resistance mechanisms and to adapt treatment strategies.
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- 2017
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6. Cross-allergy between penicillins and cephalosporins: a paradigm shift
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Dias, Liliana and Pedrosa, Cláudia
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penicillin ,cefalosporina ,reatividade cruzada ,cross-reactivity ,side chain ,cephalosporin ,polycyclic compounds ,penicilina ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,cadeia lateral - Abstract
Allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are the most common cause of allergic drug reactions. The incorrect diagnosis prevents patients from receiving a highly effective therapy. The potential cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporin has very significant therapeutic implications. Penicillins and cephalosporins share a common beta-lactam ring and side chains. A number of studies indicate that the R1 side chain, rather than the ring itself, is the determining factor for cross-reactivity. Herein is presented a review of the immunologic mechanisms implicated in penicillin and cephalosporin cross-reactivity and a practical approach to the use of cephalosporins in patients allergic to penicillin., A alergia aos antibióticos beta-lactâmicos é a causa mais frequente de alergia secundária a fármacos. O diagnóstico incorreto impede os doentes de receber uma opção terapêutica altamente efetiva. A reatividade cruzada entre penicilina e cefalosporina tem importantes implicações terapêuticas. A estrutura das penicilinas e cefalosporinas partilha o anel beta-lactâmico e as cadeias laterais. Vários estudos implicam a cadeia lateral R1 e não o anel beta-lactâmico como fator determinante para a reatividade cruzada. O presente artigo faz uma revisão dos mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos na reatividade cruzada e apresenta uma abordagem prática ao uso de cefalosporinas em doentes alérgicos a penicilina.
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- 2022
7. A introdução da penicilina nos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal (1944-1946)
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Victoria Bell, Ana Leonor Pereira, and João Rui Pita
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penicilina ,hospitais da universidade de coimbra ,terapêutica ,medicamento ,século xx (1944-1946) ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,History of medicine. Medical expeditions ,R131-687 - Abstract
A importação regular de penicilina para Portugal iniciou-se em Setembro de 1944 através da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa. Até Junho de 1945 a importação e distribuição do medicamento foram controladas por esta instituição humanitária mas a partir desta data, com o aumento da produção mundial, a penicilina começou a ser importada por intermédio da indústria farmacêutica. No Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra consultamos papeletas (processos individuais) de doentes internados nos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra desde Setembro de 1944 até Agosto de 1946. A investigação realizada permitiu-nos recolher informações sobre a introdução da penicilina e sobre os primeiros tratamentos efetuados com o medicamento nestes hospitais. Com base nos dados recolhidos pretendemos, pelo presente artigo, mostrar como foi feita a receção da penicilina num hospital central de grande dimensão, um dos principais hospitais portugueses, saber a frequência com que era prescrita, as patologias mais comuns em que era empregue, as doses administradas, a posologia e o tempo de tratamento assim como os clínicos responsáveis pela sua prescrição.
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- 2016
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8. Sífilis por 'exposição normal' e inoculação: um médico da equipe do estudo Tuskegee na Guatemala, 1946-1948
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Susan M. Reverby
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Sífilis ,Guatemala ,salud pública ,penicilina ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Entre 1946 e 1948, o Serviço de Saúde Pública dos Estados Unidos (PHS) e a Oficina Sanitária Panamericana, com a colaboração de funcionários de saúde pública do governo da Guatemala, realizaram um estudo sobre o uso da penicilina como possível profilaxia para a sífilis, gonorreia e cancro. Os "sujeitos" do estudo - prisioneiros, doentes mentais e soldados gualtematecos foram inoculados com essas doenças e também pelo contato com prostitutas infectadas. A fraude foi parte do estudo e os abusos éticos foram discutidos no PHS. Os resultados do estudo não foram publicados.
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- 2012
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9. Implementation of a penicillin allergy skin test
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Aparecida Tiemi Nagao-Dias, Ana Carla Pereira, Michelly Freitas e Silva, Eugenie Desiree Rabelo Néri, José Wilson Accioly, and Janete Elisa Soares Lima
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Penicilina ,Teste cutâneo ,Betalactâmico ,Penicilin ,Skin test ,Betalactamic ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
The penicillin allergy skin testing is the only accurate and reliable test for penicillin hypersensitivity mediated by IgE. It is useful for identifying patients with doubtful history of allergy. Positive test for major and minor determinants presents a positive predictive value of 50% and negative predictive value of 99%. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health suggests a protocol for in house made reagents, since they are not commercially available. As the referred protocol does not mention some important details about the test procedures, we propose in the present work to implement them, critically evaluating each step in order to allow the protocol establishment at any health service, with quality and safety.O teste cutâneo para alergia imediata a penicilina é o único teste validado internacionalmente, sendo que sua grande utilidade reside na avaliação de pacientes com história positiva de alergia a penicilina. O teste positivo para determinantes principais e secundários da penicilina apresenta um valor preditivo positivo de 50% e valor preditivo negativo de 99%. Em nosso meio, o Ministério de Saúde disponibiliza um protocolo para o preparo dos reagentes, uma vez que os mesmos não estão disponíveis comercialmente. Como o referido protocolo não apresenta maiores detalhes sobre o cuidado relativo às etapas de preparo das soluções, bem como faltam algumas considerações no que tange a realização do teste, propusemo-nos no presente trabalho operacionalizar o teste, avaliando de forma crítica e minuciosa cada etapa, de forma que outros profissionais possam reproduzi-lo de maneira mais segura e eficaz.
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- 2009
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10. Influencia de la concentración inhibitoria mínima de penicilina en la acción sinérgica de su combinación con gentamicina frente a estreptococos del grupo viridans Influence of penicillin minimal inhibitory concentration in the synergy between penicillin and gentamicin in viridans group streptococci
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L. Vigliarolo, M. S. Ramírez, D. Centrón, and H. Lopardo
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Sinergia ,Penicilina ,Gentamicina ,Streptococcus ,Grupo viridans ,Synergy ,Penicillin ,Gentamicin ,Viridans group ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Los porcentajes de resistencia a penicilina entre los estreptococos del grupo viridans han llegado a niveles superiores al 60% en algunos estudios realizados en la década pasada, y en recientes trabajos se los encontró asociados a un mayor índice de mortalidad en las bacteriemias. Aún no se conoce cuál es el nivel de concentración inhibitoria mínima de penicilina para el cual resulta imposible lograr un efecto sinérgico con algún aminoglucósido. Con este propósito, se estudió la sensibilidad a penicilina de 28 cepas de estreptococos del grupo viridans aisladas de materiales clínicamente significativos en el Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan". Se seleccionaron siete aislamientos pertenecientes al grupo mitis con distintas características de sensibilidad, y con ellos se ensayó la curva de muerte frente a penicilina, gentamicina y penicilina más gentamicina, con concentraciones de penicilina por encima y por debajo de su concentración inhibitoria mínima. En ningún caso se observó sinergia cuando la concentración de penicilina fue inferior a la concentración inhibitoria mínima, al menos en este grupo particular de estreptococos que presentaron concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas de gentamicina ³ 16 µg/ml. Se encontró sinergia en cinco de las siete cepas cuando se trabajó con concentraciones de penicilina superiores a la concentración inhibitoria mínima. En las otras dos, se detectaron enzimas modificadoras de aminoglucósidos.Penicillin resistance rates higher than 60% have been recorded in viridans group streptococci by some authors during the 90's and recently such resistance was associated with higher levels of mortality in bacteremia. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin for which synergy with aminoglycosides is not yet possible is still unknown. In order to try to dilucidate this puzzle, a study on the susceptibility to penicillin of 28 strains of viridans group streptococci isolated from significant samples in the Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan" was carried out. Seven mitis group isolates presenting different susceptibility patterns were selected for performing time-killing curves with penicillin, gentamicin, and penicillin plus gentamicin, using higher and lower penicillin concentrations than their minimal inhibitory concentrations. Synergy was not observed when the penicillin concentration was lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration, at least in these strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin ³ 16 µg/ml. When using penicillin in higher concentrations than the minimal inhibitory concentration, synergy was found in five of the seven strains. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes were found in the two other streptococci.
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- 2007
11. Anemia falciforme e infecções Sickle cell disease and infection
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Dayana V. P. Di Nuzzo and Silvana F. Fonseca
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Anemia falciforme ,infecção ,penicilina ,imunização ,Sickle cell disease ,infection ,penicillin ,immunization ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: A alta prevalência de anemia falciforme em nosso meio e a elevada morbimortalidade por infecções associada a esta condição estimularam a realização deste artigo de revisão. FONTE DE DADOS: Realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica no banco de dados MEDLINE no período de 1986 até 2003. Foram encontradas cerca de 600 referências sobre o tema, sendo selecionados 35 artigos, os quais, aliados a capítulos de dois livros-textos, compuseram esta revisão. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Neste artigo, além de informações gerais a respeito da doença falciforme, são abordados alguns tópicos sobre as infecções mais freqüentemente observadas no paciente com anemia falciforme, assim como a profilaxia medicamentosa e imunizações disponíveis. CONCLUSÕES: Esta é uma revisão que visa fornecer à comunidade pediátrica informações sobre o binômio anemia falciforme e infecções, a fim de minimizar suas complicações nesta comunidade específica.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the high prevalence of sickle cell disease in our environment and the increased morbidity and mortality as a result of infection associated with this condition. SOURCES OF DATA: Review of MEDLINE from 1986 to 2003. We found around 600 references about the subject. Thirty-five journal articles were reviewed, in addition to chapters in two text books. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: We discuss general information concerning sickle cell disease as well as a few topics about the most frequently observed infections in these patients. Drug prophylaxis and immunizations are also covered. CONCLUSIONS: This review hopes to provide the pediatric community with information concerning the association between sickle cell disease and infections, so as to minimize the occurrence of complications.
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- 2004
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12. Abscesso actinomicótico do cerebelo: relato de caso Actinomycotic abscess of the cerebellum: case report
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Mário H. Tsubouchi, Walter O. Arruda, Ari A. Pedrozo, Murilo S. Meneses, Ricardo Ramina, and Luiz F. Bleggi-Torres
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actinomicose ,abscesso cerebelar ,penicilina ,actinomycosis ,cerebellar abscess ,penicillin ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Acometimento do sistema nervoso central por actinomicetos é extremamente raro. Os autores descrevem um caso de actinomicose de cerebelo, com diagnóstico estabelecido após remoção cirúrgica da lesão e tratamento com sucesso com penicilina endovenosa e oral. Breve revisão da literatura sobre o envolvimento do sistema nervoso na actinomicose é apresentada.A 38 year-old man presented fever and a clinical picture of intracranial hypertension and ataxic syndrome. A CT-scan disclosed an expanding lesion of the cerebellum. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed and pathological examination made the diagnosis of an actinomycotic abscess. The probable primary source of infection were the lungs and/or oral cavity. The postoperative course was uneventful, with complete recovery after a long period of treatment with penicillin (IV and PO). The authors review some aspects about central nervous system involvement in actinomycosis.
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- 1995
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13. A Penicillin Derivative Exerts an Anti-Metastatic Activity in Melanoma Cells Through the Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3 and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
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Carina M. L. Delpiccolo, Leonor P. Roguin, Viviana C. Blank, Ernesto G. Mata, Dora B. Boggián, Patricia G. Cornier, Elizabeth Barrionuevo, Florencia Cayrol, and Graciela Cremaschi
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0301 basic medicine ,murine melanoma ,Integrin ,INTEGRIN ΑVΒ3 ,triazolylpeptidyl penicillin ,Vimentin ,MELANOMA ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,In vivo ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Cell adhesion ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Original Research ,TUMORES ,Pharmacology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Melanoma ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,integrin αvβ3 ,Wnt signaling pathway ,ANTI-METASTATIC EFFECT ,Β-CATENIN ,β-catenin ,TRIAZOLYLPEPTIDYL PENICILLIN ,medicine.disease ,METALLOPROTEINASES-2 AND -9 ,PENICILINA ,MURINE MELANOMA ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,030104 developmental biology ,metalloproteinases-2 and -9 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Catenin ,anti-metastatic effect ,METASTASIS ,biology.protein ,Cancer research - Abstract
The synthetic triazolylpeptidyl penicillin derivative, named TAP7f, has been previously characterized as an effective antitumor agent in vitro and in vivo against B16-F0 melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic potential of this compound on highly metastatic murine B16-F10 and human A375 melanoma cells. We found that TAP7f inhibited cell adhesion, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrated that TAP7f downregulated integrin αvβ3 expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a signaling cascade commonly related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, TAP7f reduced both the enzymatic activity and the expression levels of matrix-metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in a time dependent manner. Moreover, TAP7f inhibited the expression of the transcription factor Snail and the mesenchymal markers vimentin, and N-cadherin, and up-regulated the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, suggesting that the penicillin derivative affects epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Results obtained in vitro were supported by those obtained in a B16-F10-bearing mice metastatic model, that showed a significant TAP7f inhibition of lung metastasis. These findings suggest the potential of TAP7f as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Fil: Barrionuevo, Alejandra Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Cayrol, Maria Florencia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Cremaschi, Graciela Alicia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina Fil: Cornier, Patricia Griselda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; Argentina Fil: Boggian, Dora Bernarda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; Argentina Fil: Delpiccolo, Carina Maria Lujan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; Argentina Fil: Mata, Ernesto Gabino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; Argentina Fil: Roguin, Leonor Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina Fil: Blank, Viviana Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina
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- 2020
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14. Efecto de la penicilina y estreptomicina sobre cultivos iniciadores utilizados en la elaboración del queso tipo palmita venezolano
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Lilibeth Cabrera Salas, Alexis Ferrer Ocando, Graciela Ojeda de Rodríguez, and Betzabé Sulbarán de Ferrer
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penicilina ,estreptomicina ,susceptibilidad ,cultivos iniciadores ,queso ,Cattle ,SF191-275 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Se estudió a nivel de planta piloto el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de penicilina y estreptomicina sobre la producción de ácido de once cepas de Enterococcus faecalis y siete cepas de Lactobacillus casei usadas como cultivos iniciadores en la manufactura de queso tipo Palmita con leche pasteurizada. Los microorganismos fueron cultivados en leche descremada reconstituida estéril, libre de antibióticos y conteniendo concentraciones conocidas de penicilina desde 0,008 a 1000 U.I./ml y 0,007 a 1 mg/ml de estreptomicina. La actividad de los cultivos fue medida en términos de acidez titulable después de una incubación a 35°C durante 18 h. Los resultados mostraron que el 18,2% de los cultivos con E. faecalis resultaron resistentes a concentraciones de 20 U.I./ml de penicilina, mientras que resultaron inhibidos a concentraciones de 40 U.I./ml; el 63,6% de los mismos cultivos fueron resistentes a concentraciones de 0,07 mg/ml de estreptomicina, mientras que fueron inhibidas por 0.1 mg/ml. El 28,6% de los cultivos con L. casei fueron resistentes a 10 U.I./ml de penicilina y el 42,9% fueron resistentes a 0.05 mg/ml de estreptomicina. Los cultivos con L. casei fueron más susceptibles a la penicilina y estreptomicina que los cultivos con E. faecalis. Sin embargo, hubo cepas de enterococos y lactobacilos que fueron muy susceptibles a ambos antibióticos, 5 U.I./ml y 0,5 U.I./ml de penicilina para los enterococos y lactobacilos, respectivamente, y 0,5 mg/ml y 0,03 mg/ml de estreptomicina para enterococos y lactobacilos, respectivamente. Se observaron variaciones entre especies y entre cepas de la misma especie. Las cepas de E. faecalis Ef8 y Ef9 y las cepas de L. casei L1 y L3, constituyen las cepas más recomendables en cultivos iniciadores en la elaboración de queso tipo Palmita debido a su característica de mayor resistencia a los antibióticos analizados.
- Published
- 2010
15. Sensibilidad antibiótica de Streptococcus pneumoniae en portadores nasofaríngeos en niños sanos menores de un año en Lima, Perú
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Edgar R. Velásquez Orellano, Nancy Torres Luna, Gertrudis Horna Quintana, Jackeline Pando Kelly, María E. Castillo Díaz, Roger Hernández Diaz, Wilda Silva Rojas, Francisco Campos Guevara, and Theresa J. Ochoa Woodell
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Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Portadores nasofaríngeos ,Resistencia ,Penicilina ,Cotrimoxazol ,Niños ,Medicine - Abstract
Introducción: el neumococo es causa importante de morbi-mortalidad en niños en países en vías de desarrollo. En los últimos años han aparecido a nivel mundial cepas de neumococo resistentes a penicilina y a otros antibióticos utilizados frecuentemente en pediatría. A nivel local hay pocos estudios recientes que describen este problema. Objetivo: el objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de resistencia antibiótica del neumococo en portadores nasofaríngeos en niños sanos entre dos meses y un año en los Consultorios de Crecimiento y Desarrollo y/o Vacunación de los hospitales Cayetano Heredia, Edgardo Rebagliati, San Bartolomé e Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño en Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: se tomaron muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo en 400 niños (noviembre 2007-junio 2008) para cultivo de neumococo y determinación de su sensibilidad a la penicilina y a otros antibióticos con la prueba de sensibilidad en disco. Resultados: se encontró 28% (111/400) de portadores nasofaríngeos de neumococo. De las 111 cepas aisladas, 60 (55%) fueron resistentes a cotrimoxazol, 52 (47%) a penicilina y 30 (35%) a azitromicina. No se encontró ninguna asociación entre los factores estudiados y la condición de portador y/o resistencia antibiótica. Conclusión: la resistencia del neumococo al cotrimoxazol y a la penicilina fue alta. Sin embargo, se necesita completar el estudio con la determinación de la concentración inhibitoria mínima para poder usar los nuevos puntos de corte para penicilina para cepas no-meníngeas. Con estos nuevos criterios es muy probable que la penicilina continúe siendo la droga de elección para infecciones no severas fuera del sistema nervioso central.
- Published
- 2008
16. A (des)informação relativa à aplicação da penicilina na rede do sistema de saúde do Brasil
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Anete S Grumach, Luiza H Matida, Jörg Heukelbach, Helena L L Coêlho, and Alberto N Ramos Júnior
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droga ,alergia ,anafilaxia ,penicilina ,sífilis ,Brasil ,Medicine - Abstract
Introdução: mais de 60 anos após o reconhecimento do efeito antibacteriano da penicilina, a sua utilização não vem sendo realizada de modo adequado. Infecções com indicação clara para o uso desse medicamento, como a sífilis congênita, mantêm-se como problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Objetivo: este artigo identifica e discute as questões relacionadas com a dificuldade do uso da penicilina na rede do Sistema Único de Saúde, tomando como exemplo o caso da sífilis. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de documentos técnico-científicos disponíveis na literatura a respeito da aplicação da penicilina e dos desafios relacionados com seu uso. Toma-se como referência principal de estudo o caso da sífilis no Brasil. Resultados: situações associadas aos riscos do uso da penicilina, à questão da resistência a antibióticos, às bases do conhecimento sobre alergia à penicilina, ao diagnóstico e ao manejo das reações anafiláticas são abordadas. Conclusão: conclui-se que a interpretação e a construção equivocadas de documentos técnicos oficiais, a inadequação da formação de profissionais da saúde, os interesses econômicos e a fragilidade da rede de atenção no manejo de reações anafiláticas são situações que favorecem à utilização insuficiente da penicilina na sífilis congênita.
- Published
- 2007
17. Alergia a beta-lactâmicos na clínica pediátrica: uma abordagem prática Allergy to beta-lactams in pediatrics: a practical approach
- Author
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Nelson A. Rosário and Anete Sevciovic Grumach
- Subjects
Beta-lactâmico ,penicilina ,cefalosporina ,alergia ,reação de hipersensibilidade ,Beta-lactam ,penicillin ,cephalosporin ,allergy ,hypersensitivity reaction ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma abordagem prática ao diagnóstico e conduta na alergia a antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. FONTES DOS DADOS: Periódicos da área de alergia indexados nas bases MEDLINE e LILACS, além de estudos e textos clássicos que tratam do tema. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A alergia à penicilina é relatada com freqüência, em muitos casos resultando na exclusão desse medicamento do arsenal terapêutico. Cerca de 10% dos relatos de alergia a drogas são confirmados. As manifestações clínicas decorrentes da reação alérgica à penicilina são bastante amplas, destacando-se os quadros cutâneos. Os quatro mecanismos de hipersensibilidade de Gell & Coombs estão envolvidos nas reações alérgicas. A penicilina é degradada em determinante maior (95% dos produtos) e em determinantes menores (5% dos produtos). As reações imediatas, mediadas por IgE, e que determinam quadros de anafilaxia, estão relacionadas aos determinantes menores em 95% dos casos. A hipersensibilidade a esses produtos pode ser avaliada através de testes cutâneos realizados com os determinantes maior e menores, permitindo, assim, evitar o choque anafilático em indivíduos alérgicos. O texto ressalta conhecimentos básicos sobre a alergia à penicilina, propiciando um diagnóstico mais adequado desse evento e a conduta em casos de suspeita de alergia a beta-lactâmicos. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico de alergia à penicilina tem sido feito de forma inadequada, resultando em sua exclusão do arsenal terapêutico. O melhor reconhecimento dessas condições permitirá o uso da penicilina com diminuição dos riscos decorrentes da hipersensibilidade.OBJECTIVE: To present a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics. SOURCES: Allergy journals indexed in MEDLINE and LILACS, as well as seminal studies and texts. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Allergy to penicillin is commonly reported. In many cases, this results in the decision not to use this drug. About 10% of drug allergy reports are confirmed. The clinical manifestations due to allergic reaction to penicillin vary widely, with emphasis on skin disorders. Gell & Coombs' four hypersensitivity mechanisms are involved in allergic reactions. Penicillin is degraded to a major (95%) and minor determinants (5%). Immediate IgE-mediated reactions causing anaphylaxis are associated with minor determinants in 95% of the cases. Hypersensitivity to these products can be assessed using cutaneous tests performed with major and minor determinants, thus avoiding anaphylactic shock in allergic individuals. The present article underscores the basic body of knowledge on allergy to penicillin, providing support for a more accurate diagnosis of this event and for the choice of management in cases of suspected beta-lactam allergy. CONCLUSIONS: The incorrect diagnosis of penicillin allergy frequently leads to the exclusion of this drug as a therapeutic option. A better recognition of these situations will enable the use of penicillin and reduce the risks associated with hypersensitivity.
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- 2006
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18. Avaliação microbiológica do sêmen fresco e congelado de reprodutores caprinos
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Andreia Fernandes de Souza, Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra, Zoraide Fernandes Coleto, Rinaldo Aparecido Mota, Leonildo Bento Galiza da Silva, Ana Emília Duarte de Souza Leão, and Eliezer Silva do Nascimento Sobrinho
- Subjects
Flora microbiana ,Estreptomicina ,Penicilina ,Gentamicina ,Sêmen ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar a flora microbiana no sêmen fresco e congelado de reprodutores caprinos, assim como a eficácia dos antibióticos estreptomicina, penicilina e gentamicina, na viabilidade de doses de sêmen congeladas. Foram utilizados 25 reprodutores de diferentes raças, submetidos a duas colheitas de sêmen através do método da vagina artificial, após higiene da região prepucial. A primeira colheita do sêmen foi realizada visando o exame microbiológico e a segunda teve como objetivo proceder a congelação, após diluição em leite desnatado, utilizando penicilina + estreptomicina (A1), gentamicina (A2) ou sem antibiótico (A3). Ao proceder a avaliação microscópica no sêmen fresco, evidenciou-se média de 87,92 ± 7,76% de motilidade individual progressiva (MIP) e 4,96 ± 0,20 de vigor espermático. Em relação à avaliação bacteriana, constatou-se principalmente bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus spp e Bacillus sp. Após a congelação do sêmen, não foram evidenciadas diferenças (P>;0,05) entre os grupos quanto a MIP e vigor espermático. Entretanto, na avaliação microbiológica pós-descongelação, a bactéria do gênero Staphylococcus spp esteve presente na maioria das amostras. Observou-se também que a gentamicina (13,3mg/mL) apresentou melhor atividade anti-microbiana no processo de congelação do sêmen, concluindo-se que pode ser o antibiótico usado na congelação do sêmen de reprodutores caprinos.
- Published
- 2006
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19. O papel da penicilina na medicina moderna
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Anete S Grumach and Natasha R Ferraroni
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penicilina ,sífilis ,alergia à droga ,Medicine - Abstract
A penicilina foi o primeiro antibiótico descrito na literatura na década de 1940 e ainda tem o seu papel na medicina moderna. O uso deste medicamento ampliou-se desde sua descrição e atualmente continua a ser a indicação de escolha para algumas doenças. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a importância da penicilina no contexto atual, além de explicitar o mecanismo imunológico de reação adversa às drogas incluindo a alergia à penicilina, mostrando que a reação anafilática é uma situação incomum e freqüentemente diagnosticada pelos médicos e profissionais da área da saúde de forma equivocada. Tal erro leva a uma substituição desta droga, que, apesar de antiga, continua relevante para o tratamento da sífilis.
- Published
- 2006
20. «A Chain is gonna come». Building a penicillin production plant in post-war Italy.
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Capocci, Mauro
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RESEARCH institutes ,ANTIBIOTICS ,PENICILLIN ,BIOLOGICAL research ,MEDICAL research ,HISTORY - Abstract
The article discusses the significance of the Instituto Speriore di Sanità of Rome, Italy, known in English as the Higher Health Institute, in the field of biomedical research. The foundation of the institute in 1934, as a result of an agreement between the Itallian government and the Rockefeller foundation, is described, as well as the damage suffered by the building at the hands of the allies during World War II. The influence of key figures such as Domenico Marotta, and Ernst Chain on the institute's postwar success in the field of Penicillin research is also outlined.
- Published
- 2011
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21. Innovators, deep fermentation and antibiotics: promoting applied science before and after the Second World War.
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Bud, Robert
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MEDICINE ,FERMENTATION ,PENICILLIN ,ANTIBIOTICS ,WORLD War II -- Medical care ,HISTORY ,HISTORIOGRAPHY - Abstract
The article discusses the historiography of antibiotics, especially in regard to fermentation techniques and the lack of disseminated information due to the association of top scientists with the Nazi regime. The author purports that networks of German scientists established in prewar years for the purposes of manufacturing organic acids are commonly neglected by medical history in favor of other American and British scientists whose work was not as advanced. The fermentation techniques of American penicillin manufacturers and their distribution of the drug to American troops during World War II is also recounted.
- Published
- 2011
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22. Efficacy of high doses of penicillin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia in adults. A non-inferiority controlled clinical trial
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Miguel Román-Rodríguez, Almudena Pérez, Eugenia Carandell, Josep Maria Cots, Carl Llor, Anna García-Sangenís, Marian Llorente, Salvador Gestoso, Marc Miravitlles, Jordi Cortés, Silvia Hernández, Javier Rezola, Francesc Bobé, Rosa Morros, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GRBIO - Grup de Recerca en Bioestadística i Bioinformàtica
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatrics ,Original ,Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad ,humanos ,Numerical analysis--Simulation methods ,law.invention ,Ensayo clínico aleatorizado ,0302 clinical medicine ,Community-acquired pneumonia ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,estudios prospectivos ,amoxicilina ,polycyclic compounds ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,pauta de administración medicamentosa ,mediana edad ,lcsh:R5-920 ,anciano ,resultado del tratamiento ,Penicilina ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,adulto ,penicilina V ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Treatment Outcome ,Penicillin V ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Family Practice ,antibacterianos ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education ,030106 microbiology ,62 Statistics::62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys [Classificació AMS] ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,03 medical and health sciences ,Double-Blind Method ,Lower respiratory tract infection ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Matemàtiques i estadística::Estadística matemàtica::Anàlisi multivariant [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Humans ,Adults ,65 Numerical analysis::65C Probabilistic methods, simulation and stochastic differential equations [Classificació AMS] ,Adultos ,método con doble ocultación ,Sampling (Statistics) ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,Anàlisi numèrica ,business.industry ,Amoxicillin ,infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad ,neumonía ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,Penicillin ,respiratory tract diseases ,Clinical trial ,Spain ,business ,Mostreig (Estadística) - Abstract
Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is treated with penicillin in some northern European countries. Objectives: To evaluate whether high-dose penicillin V is as effective as high-dose amoxicillin for the treatment of non-severe CAR. Design: Multicentre, parallel, double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Setting: 31 primary care centers in Spain. Participants: Patients from 18 to 75 years of age with no significant associated comorbidity and with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and radiological confirmation of CAP were randomized to receive either penicillin V 1.6 million units, or amoxicillin 1000 mg three times per day for 10 days. Main measurements: The main outcome was clinical cure at 14 days, and the primary hypothesis was that penicillin V would be non-inferior to amoxicillin with regard to this outcome, with a margin of 15% for the difference in proportions. EudraCT register 2012-003511-63. Results: A total of 43 subjects (amoxicillin: 28; penicillin: 15) were randomized. Clinical cure was observed in 10 (90.9%) patients assigned to penicillin and in 25 (100%) patients assigned to amoxicillin with a difference of -9.1% (95% CI, -41.3% to 6.4%; p=.951) for non-inferiority. In the intention-to-treat analysis, amoxicillin was found to be 28.6% superior to penicillin (95% CI, 7.3-58.1%; p =.009 for superiority). The number of adverse events was similar in both groups. Conclusions: There was a trend favoring high-dose amoxicillin versus high-dose penicillin in adults with uncomplicated CAR The main limitation of this trial was the low statistical power due to the low number of patients included., The project received a research grant from the Carlos III Institute of Health, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain), awarded in the 2011 call under the Health Strategy Action 2013-2016, within the National Research Program oriented to Societal Challenges, within the Technical, Scientific and Innovation Research National Plan 2008-2011, with reference PI11/02471, co-funded with European Union ERDF funds. It was also supported by the Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), PT13/0002/0030. The funding bodies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
- Published
- 2019
23. The Role of the Anode Material in Selective Penicillin G Oxidation in Urine
- Author
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Cotillas, Salvador, Lacasa Fernández, Engracia, Herraiz Carboné, Miguel, Saez, C., Cañizares, Pablo, and Rodrigo, Manuel Andrés
- Subjects
Electrólisis ,Penicilina ,Ingeniería química - Abstract
In this work, the removal of antibiotic penicillin G by electrolysis with boron doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes in urine media is evaluated. First, electrolysis in different water matrices (sulfate, chloride and urine) were carried out with diamond anodes to shed light on the contribution of mediated mechanisms. Results showed that penicillin G was completely removed by electrolysis for electric charges below 5 Ahdm 3 , regardless of the water matrix and the current density applied (10-100 mAcm 2 ). Then, the influence of the anode material was evaluated for the degradation of penicillin G in urine media. A complete removal of the antibiotic was attained, regardless of the tested anode material, although the BDD anode was found to be more efficient than MMO. Results also showed that, at the current charges in which the antibiotic is depleted, the removal of other organics was much lower and the formation of chlorates was negligible, especially operating at low current densities. Because of this selective oxidation of the pharmaceutical compound, electrolysis can be proposed to be used as a pretreatment technology for later and cheaper biological treatment.
- Published
- 2019
24. Susceptibility to β-lactams in β-hemolytic streptococci
- Author
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Sara Kaufman, Marta Mollerach, Gabriela García Gabarrot, Inés Toresani, Laura Bonofiglio, Laura Vigliarolo, Paula Gagetti, Martha H. von Specht, and Horacio Angel Lopardo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD ,030106 microbiology ,Ciencias de la Salud ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,SUSCEPTIBILITY ,medicine.disease_cause ,beta-Lactams ,Microbiology ,Group A ,STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES ,03 medical and health sciences ,STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE ,purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https] ,β lactams ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis ,Humans ,biology ,business.industry ,PENICILLIN ,Penicilina ,Streptococcus ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pharyngitis ,Enfermedades Infecciosas ,Penicillin ,Reduced susceptibility ,Streptococcus agalactiae ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,STREPTOCOCCUS DYSAGALACTIAE SUBSP EQUISIMILIS ,purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https] ,Sensibilidad ,medicine.symptom ,β-lactámicos ,β-LACTAMS ,business ,Bacteria ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Los estreptococos β-hemolíticos de los grupos A (GAS), B (GBS), C (GCS) y G (GGS) son importantes patógenos humanos. Ellos producen infecciones de diversa gravedad y frecuencia. Aún después de más de 70 años de uso, la penicilina sigue siendo activa in vitro frente al 100% de los GAS, GCS y GGS. No obstante se han producido fallas terapéuticas en 2-28% de casos de faringitis (media: 12%), atribuibles a diversas causas. En cambio se han descrito aislados de GBS con sensibilidad reducida a la penicilina, especialmente en Japón. Es importante que al sospecharse la sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina en este grupo de bacterias, ésta sea confirmada por métodos de referencia y comprobada por detección de los mecanismos involucrados Group A (GAS), B (GBS), C (GCS) and G (GGS) -hemolytic streptococci are important human pathogens. They cause infections of different severity and frequency. Nowadays, after 70 years of use, penicillin is still universally active against GAS, GCS and GGS. However, therapeutic failures have been recorded in 2---28% of pharyngitis cases (median: 12%) attributable to different causes. By contrast, some GBS with reduced susceptibility to penicillin have been described, especially in Japan. In this group of bacteria, it is important to highlight that confirmation by reference methods is mandatory when decreased susceptibility to penicillin is suspected as well as checked for the detection of the mechanisms involved. Fil: Bonofiglio, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Gagetti, Paula Silvana. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Área de Antimicrobianos; Argentina Fil: García Gabarrot, Gabriela. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Kaufman, Sara. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; Argentina Fil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: Toresani, Ines Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas.; Argentina Fil: Vigliarolo, Laura. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina Fil: Von Specht, Martha Helena. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Provincia de Misiones. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Misiones. Hospital Publico Provincial de Pediatria de Autogestion Dr. Fernando Barreyro; Argentina Fil: Lopardo, Horacio Angel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina
- Published
- 2018
25. Penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Epidemiological and clinical relevance. Possible therapeutic implications.
- Author
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Aspiroz C, Mama OM, Martínez-Álvarez RM, Ruiz-Ripa L, Ceballos S, and Torres C
- Subjects
- Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Bacteremia drug therapy, Bacteremia epidemiology, Bacteremia microbiology, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Penicillins pharmacology, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: The increase in penicillin susceptibility among Staphylococcus aureus (SA-Pen
S ) might have therapeutic relevance. We aimed to study the current situation in our environment., Material and Methods: Over a 2.5 years period, all SA isolates from bacteraemia in one hospital were analysed. For all isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, beta-lactam resistance genes (blaZ, mecA) and Panton-Valentine leucocidine encoding-genes were studied. For SA-PenS -blaZnegative isolates, spa-type, MLST and the presence of other resistance genes were studied., Results: Among 84 patients with SA bacteraemia (35.7% MRSA and 64.3% MSSA), 77 were analysed; 22.2% of MSSA isolates were PenS and blaZnegative (Pen-MIC≤0.03μg/ml) corresponding to 14.3% of the total SA. In MSSA-PenS -blaZnegative isolates, eight spa-types and 7 clonal-complexes were detected., Conclusion: A high prevalence of MRSA/SA and MSSA-PenS -blaZnegative /MSSA was detected in blood cultures. Pen-MIC≤0,3μg/ml corresponded to MSSA-PenS -blaZnegative . This situation raises therapeutic options which should be further evaluated in larger studies and clinical trials., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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26. Implementation of a penicillin allergy skin test
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Ana Carla Pereira, Janete Elisa Soares Lima, Aparecida Tiemi Nagao-Dias, Eugenie Desirèe Rabelo Néri, Michelly Freitas e Silva, and José Wilson Accioly
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Penicilin^i1^salle ,lcsh:RS1-441 ,Penicillin allergy ,Penicilina^i2^saler ,Betalactamic ,lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica ,Health services ,Skin test ,Betalactamic^i1^shipersensitiv ,Teste cutâneo ,Medicine ,Penicilin ,Positive test ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Skin test^i1^spenicilin alle ,Intensive care medicine ,Penicilina^i2^steste cutâ ,Protocol (science) ,Teste cutâneo^i2^salergia penicil ,business.industry ,Penicilina ,Betalactâmico ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Test (assessment) ,Penicillin ,Betalactâmico^i2^shipersensibilid ,Penicilin^i1^scutaneous t ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The penicillin allergy skin testing is the only accurate and reliable test for penicillin hypersensitivity mediated by IgE. It is useful for identifying patients with doubtful history of allergy. Positive test for major and minor determinants presents a positive predictive value of 50% and negative predictive value of 99%. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health suggests a protocol for in house made reagents, since they are not commercially available. As the referred protocol does not mention some important details about the test procedures, we propose in the present work to implement them, critically evaluating each step in order to allow the protocol establishment at any health service, with quality and safety.O teste cutâneo para alergia imediata a penicilina é o único teste validado internacionalmente, sendo que sua grande utilidade reside na avaliação de pacientes com história positiva de alergia a penicilina. O teste positivo para determinantes principais e secundários da penicilina apresenta um valor preditivo positivo de 50% e valor preditivo negativo de 99%. Em nosso meio, o Ministério de Saúde disponibiliza um protocolo para o preparo dos reagentes, uma vez que os mesmos não estão disponíveis comercialmente. Como o referido protocolo não apresenta maiores detalhes sobre o cuidado relativo às etapas de preparo das soluções, bem como faltam algumas considerações no que tange a realização do teste, propusemo-nos no presente trabalho operacionalizar o teste, avaliando de forma crítica e minuciosa cada etapa, de forma que outros profissionais possam reproduzi-lo de maneira mais segura e eficaz.
- Published
- 2009
27. Concentrações inibitórias mínimas de amoxicilina em medicamento referência, genérico e similar = Minimum inhibitory concentration of different presentations of amoxicilin
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Daga, Debora Regina, Ito, Emily Tiemy, Rosa, Rosimeire Takaki, and Rosa, Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro
- Subjects
lcsh:RK1-715 ,odontologia ,lcsh:Dentistry ,penicilina ,agentes antibacterianos ,farmacologia ,endodontia - Abstract
Os estreptococos do grupo viridans são organismos comumente associados à endocardite após extrações dentais. Por isso, a profilaxia adotada antes desses procedimentos envolve o uso de penicilinas, em especial a amoxicilina. Foram determinadas as Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas (MIC) de diferentes apresentações de amoxicilina (medicamento de referência, genérico e similar) frente cepas-padrão de estreptococos orais. Não foram detectadas diferenças estatísticas significativas na eficácia das diferentes categorias de amoxicilina e o antibiótico mostrou potência superior à preconizada pela legislação vigente
- Published
- 2006
28. Efeito de concentrações subinibitórias de penicilina sobre antígenos de estreptococos do grupo G
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Angela C. D. de Castro, Leslie C. Benchetrit, and César M. de Oliveira
- Subjects
Estreptococos grupo G ,Penicilina ,Antígenos estreptocócicos ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
O efeito de concentrações subinibitórias de penicilina sobre a produção do antígeno grupo-específico e da hialuronidase extracelular foi avaliado em uma amostra de estreptococo pertencente ao grupo G de Lancefield. Em todas as concentrações uma maior quantidade de antígeno grupo-específico foi extraída das células e a atividade específica de hialuronidase se mostrou aumentada em até 1400% nos sobrenadantes das culturas. O maior aumento na expressão de ambos os antígenos foi observado em 1/2 da CMI.
- Published
- 1986
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29. Actividad médica extranjera
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Facultad de Medicina Revista
- Subjects
Pastor Oropeza ,Arnoldo Gabaldón ,Orden del Libertador ,Federación de las Sociedades médico-científicas del Uruguay ,nuevas drogas ,Gran Bretaña y el progreso farmacéutico mundial ,penicilina ,sulfonamidas ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Los doctores Pastor Oropeza y Arnoldo Gabaldón, corresponsales extranjeros de nuestra Revista, condecorados con la Orden del Libertador. Federación de las Sociedades médico-científicas del Uruguay. Comisión Directiva. Nuevas drogas y productos químicos que ayudarán a combatir las enfermedades. La participación de Gran Bretaña en el progreso farmacéutico mundial. Por G. S. Ranshaw. Penicilina. Las sulfonamidas.
- Published
- 1945
30. Inhibición de la acumulación de Rojo Fenol por sulfametoxipiridazina en cortes de tejido renal
- Author
-
Jorge Sarmiento M. and Gonzalo Montes D.
- Subjects
penicilina ,túbulos renales ,mecanismos de secreción tubular ,sulfametoxipiridazina ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
En relación con un trabajo anterior, en el cual se comprobó en el animal intacto la elevación de la concentración plasmática de penicilina cuando se había inyectado media hora antes sulfametoxipiridazina, el presente trabajo demuestra, en cortes de tejido renal adecuadamente conservados, que la capacidad de transporte del epitelio tubular renal para el rojo de fenol se inhibe en proporción a la concentración de sulfametoxipiridazina presente. Como el sistema enzimático responsable de la secreción tubular de la penicilina es idéntico al de la secreción del Rojo Fenol, se concluye que los resultados obtenidos son aplicables al caso de la penicilina.
- Published
- 1962
31. Panorama presente y futuro de la penicilina y sustancias similares
- Author
-
Theodore E. Klump
- Subjects
Penicilina ,historia ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Aunque el interés popular hacia la penicilina data de 1941, el producto en cuestión fue descubierto como resultado de una observación causal, cuando el bacteriólogo ingles Alexander Fleming observó en 1929, que las bacterias de sus cultivos quedaban destruidas cuando estos entraban en contacto con ciertos hongos. Este hombre de ciencia los asiló en un cultivo puro, los identificó como el penicillium notatum, y extrajo del medio en el que se desarrollaron una substancia a la que denomino penicilina.
- Published
- 1944
32. Revista de revistas
- Author
-
Facultad de Medicina Revista
- Subjects
penicilina ,endocarditis bacteriana ,fluidos para transfusión ,malaria ,anestesia espinal ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
The Lancet Londres. Marzo 16 de 1946
- Published
- 1946
33. Revista de revistas
- Author
-
Facultad de Medicina Revista
- Subjects
revistas ,reseñas de artículos ,reacción ,penicilina ,glóbulos rojos ,anemia ,contusión cerebral ,psiconeurosis ,guerra en la enfermedad mental ,estrecheces pelvianas ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Autores, Gordon, J. Artículo, Inhibition of the Anaphylactic reaction by Congo Red. Revista, Journalof Pathology and Bacteriology. Abreviación, J. Path. Bact. Tomo 51. páginas 460-463. Fecha, noviembre, 1940. Inhibición de la reacción anafiláctica por el rojo Congo / Autores, Abraham, E. P. Gardner, A. D., Chain, E., Heatley, N. G. Fletcher, C. M., Jennings, M. A., Florey, H. W. Artículo, Further Observations on Penicillin. Revista, Lancet. Tomo 2. Páginas 177-188. Fecha 16-8-41. Nuevas observaciones acerca de la penicilina / Autores, Israels, M. C. G. Artículo, Morbid Red-cell Development and the Treatment of Anaemia. Revista, Lancet. Abreviación. Tomo 2. Páginas 207-209. Fecha 23-8-41. Desarrollo anormal de los glóbulos rojos y tratamiento de la anemia / Autores, Brend, W. A. Artículo, Differential Diagnosis of Contusion of the Brain and Psychoneurosis. Revista, British Medical Journal. Abreviación, Brit. med. J. Tomo 1. Páginas 885-887. Fecha 14-6-4. Diagnóstico diferencial de contusión cerebral y psiconeurosis. Autores, Hemphill, R. E. Artículo, The influence of the war on mental disease: a psychiaatric study. Revista Journal of Mental Science. Abreviación, J. ment. Cci. Tomo 87. Páginas 170-182. Fecha, abril, 1941. La influencia de la guerra en la enfermedad mental: un estudio psiquiátrico. Autores, Moir J. C. Artículo, Detecting pelvie contractions, Revista, Edinburgh Medical Journal. Abreviación, Edinb. med. J. Tomo 48. Páginas 361-378. Fecha, Junio, 1941. Modo de descubrir las estrecheces pelvianas.
- Published
- 1941
34. Profilaxis de la sifilis por medio de la penicilina
- Author
-
Luis A. Blanco Gutiérrez
- Subjects
Eagle ,sifilis ,penicilina ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Como la prevención de la sífilis constituye uno de los grandes capítulos de la Salubridad Pública y de la Clínica Sifilográfica, que apasiona al médico y al higienista, por las enormes repercusiones científicas y médico-sociales que acarrea en el panorama nacional. Considerando que en la actualidad en la Academia Nacional de Medicina, que siempre ha estado alerta a los problemas patológicos de Colombia, se estudia y se ha planteado el debate científico de la profilaxis de la sífilis. La Academia, ha querido que yo como representante del Gobierno en la Campaña Antivenérea Nacional, exprese mi concepto sobre tan fundamental materia, traída al recinto de esta alta y científica corporación, por el académico Jorge Cavelier, quien sugiere que de acuerdo con los trabajos experimentales de Eagle en el animal sobre profilaxis de la sífilis por medio de la penicilina, se aplique en clínica para prevenir la infección en el humano.
- Published
- 1950
35. Efficacy of high doses of penicillin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia in adults. A non-inferiority controlled clinical trial.
- Author
-
Llor C, Pérez A, Carandell E, García-Sangenís A, Rezola J, Llorente M, Gestoso S, Bobé F, Román-Rodríguez M, Cots JM, Hernández S, Cortés J, Miravitlles M, and Morros R
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Amoxicillin adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Community-Acquired Infections drug therapy, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Penicillin V adverse effects, Prospective Studies, Spain, Treatment Outcome, Amoxicillin administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Penicillin V administration & dosage, Pneumonia drug therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is treated with penicillin in some northern European countries., Objectives: To evaluate whether high-dose penicillin V is as effective as high-dose amoxicillin for the treatment of non-severe CAP., Design: Multicentre, parallel, double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial., Setting: 31 primary care centers in Spain., Participants: Patients from 18 to 75 years of age with no significant associated comorbidity and with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and radiological confirmation of CAP were randomized to receive either penicillin V 1.6 million units, or amoxicillin 1000mg three times per day for 10 days., Main Measurements: The main outcome was clinical cure at 14 days, and the primary hypothesis was that penicillin V would be non-inferior to amoxicillin with regard to this outcome, with a margin of 15% for the difference in proportions. EudraCT register 2012-003511-63., Results: A total of 43 subjects (amoxicillin: 28; penicillin: 15) were randomized. Clinical cure was observed in 10 (90.9%) patients assigned to penicillin and in 25 (100%) patients assigned to amoxicillin with a difference of -9.1% (95% CI, -41.3% to 6.4%; p=.951) for non-inferiority. In the intention-to-treat analysis, amoxicillin was found to be 28.6% superior to penicillin (95% CI, 7.3-58.1%; p=.009 for superiority). The number of adverse events was similar in both groups., Conclusions: There was a trend favoring high-dose amoxicillin versus high-dose penicillin in adults with uncomplicated CAP. The main limitation of this trial was the low statistical power due to the low number of patients included., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Proteomics and secretomics of Penicillium chrysogenum: Molecular characterization of proteins relevant for penicillin biosynthesis
- Author
-
Jami, Mohammad Saeid, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Microbiologia, Martín Martín, Juan Francisco, and García Estrada, Carlos
- Subjects
Biología molecular ,Biología ,Proteínas ,Penicilina ,Microbiología - Abstract
Eighty years after the discovery of penicillin, the interest of this ß-lactam antibiotic at industrial level is still remarkable. Despite the good background knowledge, little is known on how Penicillin chrysogenum became a good penicillin overproducer, and much of the molecular basis for improved productivity remains obscure. Some light has been shed on this issue after the recent publication of the P. chrysogenum genome (van den Berg et al., 2008). These authors reported that transcription of genes involved in biosynthesis of the amino acid precursors for penicillin biosynthesis, as well as of genes encoding microbody proteins was higher in the high-producing strain DS17690. However, full exploitation of P. chrysogenum requires the integration of knowledge from other -omics such as proteomics.Proteomics studies are one of the most powerful methods to evaluate the final result of gene expression and 2-DE has been the technique of choice to obtain a reference global picture of the proteomic and secretomic map. This technique has been successfully applied to other ascomycete fungi, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Hwang et al., 2006), some Aspergilli (Melin et al., 2002; Kniemeyer et al., 2006; Vödisch et al., 2009) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Shevchenko et al., 1996; Bruckmann et al., 2009). But only Kiel and coworkers (2009) have performed a proteomics-based inventory of the proteins present in the microbody matrix of P. chrysogenum. Therefore, it was necessary to study in depth the cytosolic proteome and secretome of this important fungus.In this work, we have optimized the methods to extract the P. chrysogenum cytosolic proteins (proteome) as well as secreted protein to the culture (secretome). As a result, the cytosolic proteome reference map and secretome of this filamentous fungus has been developed. We have also characterized the relevant modifications produced during the industrial strain improvement program through the proteome analysis and of three P. chrysogenum strains: i) the wild-type strain NRRL 1951 isolated in Peoria, IL, ii) the genome reference strain Wisconsin 54-1255 (an improved but still low-producer) and iii) the high-producing strain AS-P-78 developed by Antibioticos S.A. (León, Spain)., 366 p.
- Published
- 2011
37. 'A Chain is gonna come: Building a penicillin production plant in post-war Italy
- Author
-
Mauro Capocci
- Subjects
World War II ,ernst boris chain ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Penicillins ,050905 science studies ,Politics ,History and Philosophy of Science ,domenico marotta ,Framing (construction) ,Economic history ,Domenico Marotta ,Medicine ,0601 history and archaeology ,Ernst Boris Chain ,Istituto Superiore di Sanità ,media_common ,Istituto Superiore di Sanitá ,International network ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Penicilina ,06 humanities and the arts ,General Medicine ,History, 20th Century ,Penicillin ,Berlin ,Negotiation ,penicillin ,060105 history of science, technology & medicine ,Italy ,istituto superiore di sanitd ,Chemical Industry ,Post war ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,Humanities - Abstract
In 1947, Ernst Chain moved from Oxford to Rome, hired as head of a new biochemistry. Resum: department and of a penicillin production pilot plant in the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (Higher Health Institute). Here, he managed to make Rome one of the most important centres in the international network of antibiotic science. However, the development of the state-operated centre was not easy. Political and economic pressures, exerted both from home and abroad, posed many obstacles to the plan devised by Domenico Marotta, the general director of the Institute. The paper reconstructs Chain’s venture in Rome, which lasted until 1964, while framing the history of the penicillin production plant in the context of diplomatic negotiations, national politics, and science policies.
- Published
- 2011
38. Drug Provocation Tests to Betalactam Antibiotics: Experience in a Paediatric Setting
- Author
-
S. Palma-Carlos, Ana Romeira, I. Silva, P. Leiria Pinto, Marta Chambel, and P. Martins
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Drug ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Provocation test ,Drug allergy ,Criança ,beta-Lactams ,Culprit ,complex mixtures ,Bronchial Provocation Tests ,Drug Hypersensitivity ,Food allergy ,HDE ALER ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Child ,Asthma ,media_common ,Hipersensibilidade ,Portugal ,business.industry ,Penicilina ,General Medicine ,Allergens ,Betalactam ,medicine.disease ,Penicillin ,Child, Preschool ,Disease Progression ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Immunization ,business ,Food Hypersensitivity ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Few studies have been performed in children with suspected betalactam allergy. We aimed to assess the role of the drug provocation test (DPT) with betalactams in a paediatric setting and to study the association between allergy to betalactam antibiotics and other allergic diseases. Methods We included all the patients under 15 years old who were consecutively referred to the Immunoallergy Department, Dona Estefânia Hospital, Portugal (January 2002 to April 2008) for a compatible history of allergic reaction to betalactam. All were submitted to a DPT. Children were proposed to perform skin tests (ST) to betalactam antibiotics followed by DPT. If they decline ST, a DPT with the culprit drug was performed. Results We studied 161 children, 60% were boys, with a median age of 5 years old at the time of the DPT. Thirty-three patients (20.5%) had an immediate reaction and 33 (20.5%) a non-immediate reaction. The severity of the reported reactions was low in most cases. Skin tests to betalactams were performed in 47 children and were positive in 8. DPT was positive in only one (3.4%) of the patients skin tested and in 11 (13.4%) of those not skin tested. The severity of the DPT reaction was low. Asthma and food allergy were associated with a positive DPT in the later group. Conclusions DPT seems a safe procedure even in the absence of ST in non-severe cases. This could be a practical option in infants and pre-school children, where ST are painful and difficult to perform. Additional caution should be taken in children with asthma and food allergy.
- Published
- 2010
39. Proteomics and secretomics of Penicillium chrysogenum: Molecular characterization of proteins relevant for penicillin biosynthesis = Proteómica y secretómica de 'Penicillium chrysogenum': caracterización molecular de proteínas importantes para la biosíntesis de penicilina
- Author
-
Mohammad Saeid Jami, Martín Martín, Juan Francisco, García Estrada, Carlos, Microbiologia, and Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales
- Subjects
Biología molecular ,biology ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Biología ,Proteínas ,Penicilina ,Secretomics ,Penicillium chrysogenum ,biology.organism_classification ,Proteomics ,Microbiología ,Penicillin biosynthesis - Abstract
366 p. Eighty years after the discovery of penicillin, the interest of this ß-lactam antibiotic at industrial level is still remarkable. Despite the good background knowledge, little is known on how Penicillin chrysogenum became a good penicillin overproducer, and much of the molecular basis for improved productivity remains obscure. Some light has been shed on this issue after the recent publication of the P. chrysogenum genome (van den Berg et al., 2008). These authors reported that transcription of genes involved in biosynthesis of the amino acid precursors for penicillin biosynthesis, as well as of genes encoding microbody proteins was higher in the high-producing strain DS17690. However, full exploitation of P. chrysogenum requires the integration of knowledge from other -omics such as proteomics. Proteomics studies are one of the most powerful methods to evaluate the final result of gene expression and 2-DE has been the technique of choice to obtain a reference global picture of the proteomic and secretomic map. This technique has been successfully applied to other ascomycete fungi, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Hwang et al., 2006), some Aspergilli (Melin et al., 2002; Kniemeyer et al., 2006; Vödisch et al., 2009) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Shevchenko et al., 1996; Bruckmann et al., 2009). But only Kiel and coworkers (2009) have performed a proteomics-based inventory of the proteins present in the microbody matrix of P. chrysogenum. Therefore, it was necessary to study in depth the cytosolic proteome and secretome of this important fungus. In this work, we have optimized the methods to extract the P. chrysogenum cytosolic proteins (proteome) as well as secreted protein to the culture (secretome). As a result, the cytosolic proteome reference map and secretome of this filamentous fungus has been developed. We have also characterized the relevant modifications produced during the industrial strain improvement program through the proteome analysis and of three P. chrysogenum strains: i) the wild-type strain NRRL 1951 isolated in Peoria, IL, ii) the genome reference strain Wisconsin 54-1255 (an improved but still low-producer) and iii) the high-producing strain AS-P-78 developed by Antibioticos S.A. (León, Spain).
- Published
- 2010
40. Penicillin G acylase encapsulation studies in polyvinyl alcohol based matrices
- Author
-
Maduro, Filipa Cristiana Duarte Fangueiro, Fonseca, Luís Pina da, and Power, Deborah
- Subjects
Penicilina ,Teses ,Antibióticos - Abstract
Dissertação mest., Biotecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2009 Penicillin G acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) (PGA) hydrolyses penicillin G (PG) producing 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), an important building block in the synthesis of semi-synthetic antibiotics such as ampicillin and amoxicillin. The synthesis of these antibiotics by PGA is already successfully used in lab and pilot scales and more recently in the synthesis of cefalexin (CEX) at industrial scale. This work characterizes the stability and activity of PGA when immobilized in a polyvinyl alcohol based matrix (Lentikat® liquid), PVA/LL by a new and simple entrapment strategy. The biocatalyst retains from 22 to 66% of its original activity, depending on enzyme load. Hydrolysis and synthesis reactions were tested and the immobilized enzyme can be reused for, at least, 10 consecutive batches without decay of initial activity. The preferential pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of PG are 8 and 37ºC, respectively, it is stable at 4ºC and its half-life, at 25ºC and pH 8 is roughly 8 days. For the synthesis of CEX there was no decay of initial activity for at least 50 hours, at 14ºC and pH 7.2, which indicates a high operational stability. Substrate inhibition by 7-aminodesacetoxicefalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) was observed both for the free and the immobilized enzyme. These forms of enzyme presented synthesis of CEX and hydrolysis of PGM ratio (S/H) of 4.2 and 2.5, respectively. The biocatalyst (PGA_PVA beads) is suitable for the production of cefalexin in industry since it showed a high operational stability, without enzyme leakage during the reaction and between washing steps.
- Published
- 2009
41. Sifilis y penicilina
- Author
-
Rafael Peralta C.
- Subjects
sifilis ,penicilina ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Experimentación clínica de 500.000 unidades Oxford de penicilina Lakeside y de 300.000 unidades Oxford de penicilina Heyden. (Complementadas con trescientas mil unidades de Penicilina Parke Davis).
- Published
- 1945
42. Revista de revistas
- Author
-
Facultad de Medicina Revista
- Subjects
neumonía ,sulfonamidas ,urticaria ,penicilina ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
The Lancet. Londres , junio 21 de 1947. Neumonía atípica. (Significación de las aglutininas). G. E. O. Williams, Birmingham United Hosp. 865-867. Sulionamidas en Combinación. (Anotación). (P. 876). Tratamiento de la urticaria debida a la penicilina (Anotación). (Pp, 877- 878) .
- Published
- 1948
43. A new form of presentation of renal actinomycosis: renal tumor with retroperitoneal bleeding
- Author
-
Jalón Monzón, Antonio, Álvarez Múgica, Miguel, Seco Navedo, Miguel Ángel, Fernández Gómez, Jesús Maria, Bulnes Vázquez, Verónica, González Álvarez, Roberto Carlos, Martínez Gómez, Francisco Javier, and Regadera Sejas, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
Chronic infection ,Renal actinomycosis ,Penicilina ,Actinomicosis renal ,Infección crónica ,Penicillin - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this case report is to add to the literature a new case of renal actinomycosis, but with a form of presentation that has never been reported: renal tumor with retroperitoneal bleeding. Methods/Results: We present the case of a 27 year old woman, with a 5-month history of general syndrome and right flank pain. Radiological findings showed a right renal tumor with suspicious of retroperitoneal bleeding. Right radical nephrectomy was performed and the pathological examination of the specimen found actinomyces colonies. The patient received 8 weeks of Penicillin after surgery and had none sequelae. Conclusions: Renal actinomycosis is an uncommon chronic infection caused by a gram-positive anaerobic actinomyces bacteria, usually actinomyces israelii, not easily diagnosed because of non-specific clinical and radiological findings. Early diagnosis of renal actinomycosis is important to avoid surgery since actinomyces respond well to high doses of Penicillin. Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es añadir que en una forma de presentación nunca antes sido publicada: tumor renal con sangrado retroperitoneal. Métodos: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 27 años con síndrome constitucional y dolor en flanco derecho de cinco meses de evolución. Las pruebas radiológicas mostraron un tumor renal derecho con sospecha de sangrado retroperitoneal. Se realizó nefrectomía radical derecha y el estudio patológico encontró colonias de actinomices. El paciente recibió penicilina durante ocho semanas después de la cirugía y no tuvo secuelas. Conclusiones: La actinomicosis renal es una infección crónica poco frecuente producida por actinomices, generalmente actinomices israelii, una bacteria gram positiva anaerobia de difícil diagnóstico debido a los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos inespecíficos. Es importante diagnóstico precoz de la actinomicosis renal para evitar la cirugía, puesto que el actinomices responde bien a altas dosis de penicilina.
- Published
- 2006
44. Susceptibility to β-lactams in β-hemolytic streptococci.
- Author
-
Bonofiglio L, Gagetti P, García Gabarrot G, Kaufman S, Mollerach M, Toresani I, Vigliarolo L, von Specht M, and Lopardo HA
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Streptococcus drug effects, beta-Lactams pharmacology
- Abstract
Group A (GAS), B (GBS), C (GCS) and G (GGS) β-hemolytic streptococci are important human pathogens. They cause infections of different severity and frequency. Nowadays, after 70 years of use, penicillin is still universally active against GAS, GCS and GGS. However, therapeutic failures have been recorded in 2-28% of pharyngitis cases (median: 12%) attributable to different causes. By contrast, some GBS with reduced susceptibility to penicillin have been described, especially in Japan. In this group of bacteria, it is important to highlight that confirmation by reference methods is mandatory when decreased susceptibility to penicillin is suspected as well as checked for the detection of the mechanisms involved., (Copyright © 2017 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Evaluación del procedimiento microbiológico de cilindro en placa para la determinación de residuos de penicilina, estreptomicina y tetraciclina en leche
- Author
-
Francisco Velázquez Q. and Marcelo Pérez
- Subjects
penicilina ,estreptomicina ,tetraciclina ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
La leche es reconocida como un alimento casi perfecto que debe formar parte de la dieta diaria de los individuos jóvenes, especialmente de los niños. Para que este producto pueda cumplir su función al máximo, es necesario que no sea vehículo de sustancias
- Published
- 1981
46. Biblioteca: la penicilina y sus aplicaciones en la cirugia. la clínica y la terapéutica
- Author
-
Ruben Darío
- Subjects
penicilina ,cirugía ,terapéutica ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Se ha adoptado la división de la obra en los capítulos de cirugía, clínica médica, terapéutica y trabajos de laboratorio para la fabricación del producto en gran escala de acuerdo con las diversas técnicas propuestas por el propio Profesor Fleming y sus colaboradores británicos y norteamericanos. la penicilina y sus aplicaciones en la cirugia. la clinica y la terapeutica
- Published
- 1947
47. INFLUENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS ON THE MECHANICAL RESPONSES OF GUINEA-PIG ILEUM TO ACETYLCHOLINE AND HISTAMINE
- Author
-
Petroianu,Andy and WEINBERG,JÚLIO
- Subjects
Tetraciclina ,Íleo ,Penicilina ,lcsh:Surgery ,Gentamicina ,Motility ,Musculatura lisa ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Tetracycline ,Motilidade ,Acetilcolina ,Penicillin ,Gentamicine ,Acetylcholine ,Histamina ,Smooth muscle ,Chloranfenicol ,Ileum ,Antibiotics ,Cloranfenicol ,Antibióticos ,Agonistas ,Agonists ,Histamine - Abstract
The side effects of antibiotics have been extensively described during the last decades, however, their role on digestive motility must be better investigated. Following a line of research, the influence of penicillin, chloranfenicol tetracycline and gentamicine on longitudinal smooth muscle responses to acetylcholine and histamine were studied on guinea-pig ileum. There were no differences between the responses before and after the addition of each antibiotic. Further investigations must be performed in order to find a possible influence of antibiotics on digestive motility. Os efeitos colaterais dos antibióticos têm sido extensivamente descritos nas últimas décadas, entretanto o seu papel na motilidade digestiva precisa ser melhor pesquisada. Seguindo uma linha de trabalho, avaliou-se a influência da penicilina, do cloranfenicol, da tetraciclina e da gentamicina na resposta muscular lisa longitudinal do íleo de cobaia a acetilcolina e histamina. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as respostas antes e após a adição de cada um dos antibióticos. Outras investigações necessitam ser realizadas com o objetivo de se verificar uma possível influência dos antibióticos na motilidade digestiva.
- Published
- 1998
48. Nuevas comunicaciones sobre la penicilina
- Author
-
Winthrop Limitada Laboratorios
- Subjects
penicilina ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
En vista del enorme interés existente acerca de la penicilina, hemos creído oportuno en el presente Boletín Médico dar un resumen de algunas de las mas importantes y recientes comunicaciones científicas acerca de la droga mágica que tan tas esperanzas ha despertado.
- Published
- 1943
49. Tratamiento de la fiebre recurrente por medio de la penicilina
- Author
-
Jesús María Guerrero
- Subjects
fiebre ,penicilina ,antibióticos ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente con fiebre y el procedimiento llevado a cabo para su tratamiento.
- Published
- 1946
50. Profilaxis de la sifilis por medio de la penicilina
- Author
-
Blanco Gutiérrez, Luis A.
- Subjects
lcsh:R5-920 ,Eagle ,Medicina ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,penicilina ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Infectología ,sifilis - Abstract
Como la prevención de la sífilis constituye uno de los grandes capítulos de la Salubridad Pública y de la Clínica Sifilográfica, que apasiona al médico y al higienista, por las enormes repercusiones científicas y médico-sociales que acarrea en el panorama nacional. Considerando que en la actualidad en la Academia Nacional de Medicina, que siempre ha estado alerta a los problemas patológicos de Colombia, se estudia y se ha planteado el debate científico de la profilaxis de la sífilis. La Academia, ha querido que yo como representante del Gobierno en la Campaña Antivenérea Nacional, exprese mi concepto sobre tan fundamental materia, traída al recinto de esta alta y científica corporación, por el académico Jorge Cavelier, quien sugiere que de acuerdo con los trabajos experimentales de Eagle en el animal sobre profilaxis de la sífilis por medio de la penicilina, se aplique en clínica para prevenir la infección en el humano.
- Published
- 1950
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