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43. The vasotocinergic system in the hypothalamus and limbic region of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Author

Fabris, C., Cristina BALLARIN, Massa, R., Granato, A., Fabiani, O., Panzica, G. C., and Cozzi, B.

Subjects
Male, Neurons, endocrine system, Hypothalamus, Prosencephalon, Sex Factors, Vasotocin, nervous system, lcsh:Biology (General), Limbic System, Animals, Female, Melopsittacus, lcsh:QH301-705.5, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

We report a morphological and biochemical analysis on the presence, distribution and quantification of vasotocin in the hypothalamus and limbic region of the budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus, using immunohistochemistry on serial sections and competitive enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay measurements on tissue extracts. Analysis of the sections showed large vasotocin-immunoreactive neurons in three main regions of the diencephalon, of both male and female specimens. Vasotocinergic cell bodies were located in the ventral and lateral areas of the hypothalamus, dorsal to the lateral thalamus and medial to the nucleus geniculatus lateralis. Immunoreactive neurons were placed also periventricularly, close to the walls of the third ventricle, at the level of the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus. Well evident bundles of immunoreactive fibers were placed ventral to the anterior commissure in the same regions of the hypothalamus and thalamus where vasotocinergic perikarya are localized. Fibers were identified close to the third ventricle, and in the lateral hypothalamic area along the lateral forebrain bundle. In contrast to what reported for other oscine and non-oscine avian species, we were not able to identify immunopositive neurons in any region above the anterior commissure, or detect relevant differences on the distribution of the vasotocin immmunoreactivity between sexes. Competitive enzyme linked immunoadsorption assay and image analysis of the extension of immunoreactivity in the tissue sections were consistent with the qualitative observations and indicated that there is no statistically significant dimorphism in the content of vasotocin or in the location and distribution of vasotocinergic elements in the investigated areas of male and female parrot brains.

Published
2004

45. Neuropeptides and Enzymes are Targets for the Action of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Vertebrate Brain.

Author

Panzica, G. C., Bo, E., Martini, M. A., Miceli, D., Mura, E., Viglietti-Panzica, C., and Gotti, S.

Subjects
*ENDOCRINE disruptors, *HUMAN physiology, *INFERTILITY, *GENETIC regulation, *MESSENGER RNA, *PEPTIDE receptors, *NEUROTRANSMITTERS, *VERTEBRATE physiology, *GENETICS
Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are molecules that interfere with endocrine signaling pathways and produce adverse consequences on animal and human physiology, such as infertility or behavioral alterations. Some EDC act through binding to androgen or/and estrogen receptors primarily operating through a genomic mechanism regulating gene expression. This mechanism of action may induce profound developmental adverse effects, and the major targets of the EDC action are the gene products, i.e., mRNAs inducing the synthesis of various peptidic molecules, which include neuropeptides and enzymes related to neurotransmitters syntheses. Available immunohistochemical data on some of the systems that are affected by EDC in lower and higher vertebrates are detailed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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49. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as a central hub for the estrogenic modulation of neuroendocrine function and behavior.

Author

Grassi D, Marraudino M, Garcia-Segura LM, and Panzica GC

Subjects
Estradiol metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Neurons metabolism, Neurosecretory Systems metabolism, Oxytocin metabolism, Neuropeptides metabolism, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus metabolism
Abstract

Estradiol and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) help coordinate reproduction with body physiology, growth and metabolism. PVN integrates hormonal and neural signals originating in the periphery, generating an output mediated both by its long-distance neuronal projections, and by a variety of neurohormones produced by its magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells. Here we review the cyto-and chemo-architecture, the connectivity and function of PVN and the sex-specific regulation exerted by estradiol on PVN neurons and on the expression of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides and neurohormones in PVN. Classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in neuronal afferents to PVN and in specific PVN interneurons, projecting neurons, neurosecretory neurons and glial cells that are involved in the input-output integration and coordination of neurohormonal signals. Indeed, PVN ERs are known to modulate body homeostatic processes such as autonomic functions, stress response, reproduction, and metabolic control. Finally, the functional implications of the estrogenic modulation of the PVN for body homeostasis are discussed., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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