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Since the 21st century, crisis events have been frequent and normalized globally, and improving resilience has become the key for the tourism industry to cope with various uncertainty risks. To reveal the reality of the economic resilience of tourism in China, this study employed the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) to construct a counterfactual function and integrated with the peaks-over-threshold (POT) model and geographical detector model to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of the economic resilience of tourism in China from the resistance and recoverability perspective, with a view to providing a reference for consolidating the resilience of the economic system of tourism in China and promoting the sustainable development of its tourism economy. The results showed that the economic resilience of tourism in China can be divided into four types—robust, self-reliant, laissez-faire, and fragile—based on a baseline resistance of −0.361 and recoverability of 0.342. Under different contraction–recovery cycles, the resistance and recoverability of China's tourism economy have been progressively improved, transforming from the centralized model to the discrete model, from a fragile to a self-reliant type. The type of economic resilience of tourism in China exhibited a clustered contiguous development trend, with obvious zonal distribution characteristics and self-reliant tourism economic resilience areas dominating, but most areas have not yet formed stable economic resilience in their tourism sector. The ecological environment quality, government management ability, and technological innovation level were the main factors affecting the economic resilience of tourism in China. The interactions between different influencing factors were more significant in strengthening the tourism economic resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To expand the genotypes and phenotypes of sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A)-related epilepsy. Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical and genetic information of 22 epilepsy patients (10 males, 12 females; mean: 9.2 ± 3.9 years; 3.9–20.3 years) carrying 22 variants of SCN1A. SCN1A mutations were identified by next-generation sequencing. Results: Twenty-two variants were identified, among which 12 have not yet been reported. The median age at seizure onset was 6 months. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with Dravet syndrome (DS), two with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus [one evolved into benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)], one with focal epilepsy, one with atypical childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ABECTS) and two with unclassified epilepsy. Fourteen patients showed a global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID). Slow background activities were observed in one patient and epileptiform discharges were observed in 11 patients during the interictal phase. Significance: This study enriches the genotypes and phenotypes of SCN1A-related epilepsy. The clinical characteristics of patients with 12 previously unreported variants were described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early and accurate prediction of outcome in acute stroke is important. The aim of this prospective study was to explore the correlation between serum triiodothyronine level and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients.Methods: A prospective observational study which included 359 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke from December 2014 to November 2015 was interrogated. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured on admission to understand their value in predicting functional outcome within 90 d using multivariable models adjusted for confounding factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to define the best cut-off value of triiodothyronine to predict outcome. The accuracy of the test was assessed measuring the area under the ROC curve (AUROC).Results: Triiodothyronine was significantly decreased in patients with an unfavorable functional outcome as compared to patients with a favorable functional outcome within 90 d (p= 0.01). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that lower triiodothyronine concentrations on admission were associated with a risk for poor outcomes (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.25;p< 0.01). In addition, in ROC curve analysis, triiodothyronine may improve the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in predicting functional outcome. The combined model AUROC was 0.84 for 30 d and 0.91 for 90 d, which were both significantly higher than the AUROCs of original NIHSS (0.83 and 0.87), triiodothyronine (0.64 and 0.69) and age (0.57 and 0.68) (allp< 0.05).Conclusions: Low serum triiodothyronine levels can be a predictive marker of short-term outcome after ischemic stroke. A combined model (triiodothyronine, age and NIHSS score) can add significant additional predictive information to the clinical score of the NIHSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sound ecosystems are a precondition for the sustainable survival and development of human society. However, ecological deterioration caused by socioeconomic activities can result in increasing pressure on ecosystems. Exploration of the spatial interaction between ecosystem and economic development under the background of high-quality and green development is, therefore, necessary. In this study, we analyzed the spatial interaction between the ecosystem services value (ESV) and economic development with the economic and ecological coupling index method based on high-resolution remote-sensing land-use data and socioeconomic statistical data in Hunan Province from 2000 to 2018. The results revealed that the ESV provided by the ecosystems in Hunan Province decreased by US$1256.166 million from 2000 to 2018. The areas with high ESV per unit area were distributed in the mountainous areas, while the areas with low ESV per unit area were distributed in the major cities and their surroundings. The bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the ESV had significant spatial dependence on the economic development. In addition, the coupling analysis documented that the relationship between the ESV and economic density was mostly in the low conflict and potential crisis states. These results provide important guidance for the coordinated development of the regional economy and ecosystem conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the electroclinical differences between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and posterior lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (PLTLE). All patients had Engel class I outcomes after surgery for at least one year. In MTLE patients, the epileptogenic zone was inside the boundary of a standard temporal lobectomy, whereas in PLTLE, the epileptogenic zone was behind the boundary of a standard temporal lobectomy. Febrile convulsion, history of psychic aura, oroalimentary automatism, and diffuse interictal epileptiform discharges were more frequent in MTLE. Theta wave and increasing heart rate were more evident at the seizure onset in MTLE, whereas an ictal onset fast rhythm was more evident in PLTLE. Tonic head turning was more frequent in PLTLE. Distinguishing between MTLE and PLTLE was easier than distinguishing MTLE from lateral TLE (LTLE), which may be helpful in planning epilepsy surgery. Combinations of these manifestations and signs can provide vital clues to distinguish between MTLE and PLTLE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. There is a profound neuronal loss in the basal forebrain cholinergic system in AD and severe dopaminergic deficiency within the nigrostriatal pathway in PD. Swedish APP (APP SWE ) and SNCA A53T mutations promote Aβ generation and α-synuclein aggregation, respectively, and have been linked to the pathogenesis of AD and PD. However, the mechanisms underlying selective cholinergic and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in AD and PD are still unknown. We demonstrated that APP SWE mutation enhanced Aβ generation and increased cell susceptibility to Aβ oligomer in cholinergic SN56 cells, whereas SNCA A53T mutations promoted aggregates formation and potentiated mutant α-synuclein oligomer-induced cytotoxicity in MN9D cells. Furthermore, syndecan-3 (SDC3) and fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) genes were differentially expressed in SN56 and MN9D cells carrying APP SWE or SNCA A53T mutation. SDC3 and FGFRL1 proteins were preferentially expressed in the cholinergic nucleus and dopaminergic neurons of APP SWE and SNCA A53T mouse models, respectively. Finally, the knockdown of SDC3 and FGFRL1 attenuated oxidative stress-induced cell death in SN56-APP SWE and MN9D-SNCAA53T cells. The results demonstrate that SDC3 and FGFRL1 mediated the specific effects of APP SWE and SNCA A53T on cholinergic and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in AD and PD, respectively. Our study suggests that SDC3 and FGFRL1 could be potential targets to alleviate the selective neurodegeneration in AD and PD., (© 2023 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)

Recent evidence demonstrated that functional bacteria were involved in the regulation of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism of probiotics in improving PD was unclear. Here the antioxidant effect and the mechanism of probiotics Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) on PD were studied by regulating the gut-brain axis. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intraperitoneally to establish a PD model and were then treated with PP for 4 weeks. Subsequently, a series of neurobehavioral tests to evaluate the motor function of the mice was performed. Additionally, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, accumulation of α-synuclein, the production of an oxidative stress response, and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins were evaluated. Moreover, the gut microbial composition and the level of metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were assessed. The results showed that PP treatment could improve MPTP-induced motor deficits, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Moreover, PP treatment significantly increased the levels of SOD1, Gpx1, and Nrf2, while it decreased the levels of Keap1 in the brain of MPTP-induced mice. Notably, PP treatment improved the gut microbial dysbiosis and increased the level of GABA in MPTP-induced mice. These findings indicated that PP might represent a promising candidate, due to the metabolite of GABA, that could be used for the treatment of PD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Pan, Wei, Yuan, Kong, Yang, Zhang, Cui, Chen, Liu and Zhang.)

The booming population and accelerating urbanization in the Huaihe River Basin have sped up the land use transformation and the cultivated land fragmentation (CLF), seriously impeded the advancement of agricultural modernization, and threatened regional stability and national food security as well. The analysis of CLF degree and its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, along with the influencing factors in the Huaihe River Basin, is of great significance for promoting the intensive and efficient utilization of cultivated land resources and maintaining food security. Previous studies lack the measurement and cause analysis of CLF in Huaihe River Basin. To bridge the gap, this study introduces Fragstats4.2 and ArcGIS10.3 to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of CLF in county units in the Huaihe River Basin from 2000 to 2018 through the Lorentz curve, entropy method, and spatial auto-correlation method while the causes of the spatiotemporal differentiation of CLF in the basin were explored with the help of a geographic detector. The results show that the spatial distribution of cultivated land in the Huaihe River Basin is relatively balanced, and the Gini coefficients of cultivated land from 2000 to 2018 were 0.105, 0.108, and 0.113, respectively. More than 56% of the counties in the basin have a location entropy greater than 1. the percentage of landscape, area-weighted mean patch area, patch cohesion index, and aggregation index decrease year by year while the patch density and splitting index show an upward trend. The landscape pattern of cultivated land is highly complex, and the overall fragmentation degree is increasing. The county distribution pattern of the CLF degree with random and agglomeration is generally stable. The spatiotemporal differentiation of CLF in the Huaihe River Basin is affected by multiple factors, among which the influences of the normalized difference vegetation index, per capita cultivated land area, and intensity of human activity obviously stronger than other factors, and the contribution rate of the factors reached more than 0.4. The interaction effect among the factors is stronger than that of single factor, with dual-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement dominating. The results of this study have important implications for optimizing the agricultural structure in the Huaihe River Basin and alleviating the CLF in important grain production areas.

Background: Cor biloculare, two-chambered heart due to the absence of atrial and ventricular septa, is a rare congenital heart anomaly. For Cor biloculare and other cardiac defects with single ventricle physiology, Glenn anastomosis has been developed as a palliative procedure. Thrombosis secondary to Glenn anastomosis in the patient with Cor biloculare could pose a serious threat to the survival, and has never been reported before., Case Report: We report the case of a 27-year-old patient, with past history of Glenn anastomosis that was performed 7 years ago for the palliation of Cor biloculare. She presented with pulmonary embolism and ischemic stroke simultaneously at 7 days after Cesarean section. Due to her critical status, systemic anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin was started immediately, followed by lifelong warfarin therapy. Pulmonary embolism regressed and neurological symptoms were considerably diminished after the anticoagulation treatment., Conclusion: This case illuminates the potential risk of thrombotic events in this patient cohort and demonstrates that anticoagulation therapy is an effective, secure, and appropriate for the management of this disease.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and ischemic stroke accounts for about 80 percent of all cases. Ischemic stroke is usually caused by a blockage in an artery to the brain. However, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. The integration of mRNA and miRNA expression patterns is an effective strategy to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of ischemic stroke in posttranscriptional regulation level., Methods: The mRNA and miRNA expression data were downloaded from the GEO database. The genes and miRNAs with fold change ≥ 1.5 and p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered differential expressions. GO and KEGG pathway annotations of differentially expressed genes were performed to investigate the potential biology function. The constructed mRNA-miRNA interaction networks were used to identify new genes and molecular mechanism of ischemic stroke., Results: Three hundred thirty-eight DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in mRNA expression data were collected from blood samples of 23 patients with ischemic stroke and 23 vascular risk factor controls, and 8 miRNAs from peripheral blood cells of 48 patients with ischemic stroke and vascular risk factor controls. By analyzing the mRNA-miRNA regulation network, 6 miRNAs are responsible for the differential expression of 63 DEGs. Among these miRNAs, 4 screened miRNAs were shown to regulate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and thrombus formation of ischemic stroke in previous reports. In addition, the predicted target genes, such as BCL2A1 and TPM2, showed a crucial or potential role in the pathogenic mechanism of ischemic stroke., Conclusions: These results deciphered posttranscriptional regulation of the molecular mechanism of ischemic stroke and identified valuable genes in the development process of ischemic stroke.

The present study was to analyze the mechanism of cytomembrane ATP-sensitive K + channels (K ATP ) in the neurovascular unit treatment of ischemic stroke in the recovery period. A total of 24 healthy adult male Wistar rats of 5-8 weeks age, weighing 160-200 g were randomly divided into the control (sham-operation group), model, K ATP blocker and K ATP opener groups (n=6 rats per group). Nylon cerebral artery occlusion was conducted using nylon monofilament coated with Poly-L-lysine, which was used to produce a cerebral infarction model. After feeding normally for 3 days, 5-hydroxydecanoate (40 mg/Kg), and diazoxide (40 mg/Kg) were injected to the abdominal cavity in the blocker, and opener groups, respectively. The control received an equivalent normal saline that was injected into the sham-operation and model groups. The animals were mutilated and samples were collected after 3 days. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of the three subunits of K ATP , i.e., kir6.1, and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 and SUR2 mRNA, as well as to calculate infarct size in tetrazolium chloride staining. The expression level of mRNA in the opener group were significantly higher, followed by the model and blocker groups, with the control group being the lowest (P<0.05). Infarct size in the opener group was markedly smaller than the model and blocker groups, and infarct size in the blocker group was significantly larger (P<0.05). Thus, the target treatment on K ATP may improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke during the recovery period.