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The thermodynamic and electrochemical fundamentals of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are discussed. The endothermic reforming reaction in an internal reforming SOFC proceeds rapidly and takes place in the fuel inlet region.

Polarized photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy is used to characterize an InGaP/InGaAsN/GaAs NpN double-heterojunction bipolar transistor structure. The field in the emitter region is found to be about 25 kV/cm smaller than the theoretical value that does not take into account the possible ordering induced screening effect, while the field in the collector region agrees well with the theoretical value.

This contribution provides in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and trace element determinations of zircons from dacitic to rhyolitic lavas, ignimbrites and intrusions in the Southern Rocky Mountain Volcanic Field (SRMVF) in Colorado, USA. The data record a period of intense magmatic activity in the Oligocene-early Miocene (∼37–22 Ma) which gave rise to some of the largest explosive ignimbrites in the geological record (e.g. the Fish Canyon Tuff). Age data are drift corrected, but not corrected for radiation dosage or Th disequilibrium, in order to allow users to apply their own algorithms. Xenocrysts (much older crystals up to 2 Ga from the Proterozoic basement) are included in this record.