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Over the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of enduring mental health on healthcare workers has become increasingly evident. This review focuses on post-pandemic mental health challenges faced by healthcare personnel in Latin America. This highlights the persistent burden on healthcare workers, especially women, which is exacerbated by economic disparities, inadequacies in the healthcare system, and ongoing occupational stressors. Our literature review, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, scrutinized the mental health status of healthcare professionals in the region after the pandemic's peak. The analysis indicated sustained levels of psychological distress, with frontline workers and women continuing to be affected disproportionately. These findings emphasize the urgent need for personalized interventions to effectively address the complex mental health challenges in this context. This review advocates strategic interventions, including tailored psychological support, innovative diagnostics, and technological solutions, integrated into patient-centered care models. Such approaches aim to enhance the mental resilience and overall well-being of healthcare professionals across Latin America in the post-COVID era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arachis hypogaea L. is an annual legume that is one of the most consumed plant species. On the other hand, it belongs to one of the most monitored clinically important allergens worldwide. The polymorphism of this species based on allergen coding genes could be useful in its characterisation, but previously, no allergen-based marker techniques have been developed for peanuts. A new type of DNA-based markers of coding regions were used to analyse the variability of 21 peanut accessions - BBAP (Bet v1 based amplicon polymorphism), PBAP (profilin based amplicon polymorphism), and VBAP (vicilin based amplicon polymorphism). All of the used technique provided polymorphic fingerprints and distinguished the analysed peanut accessions. The effectivity of these techniques corresponds to the presence of the allergen homologous sequences that are a part of the A. hypogaea genome. VBAP was the most effective in distinguishing the analysed peanut accessions when compared to the results of BBAP and PBAB. For BBAP, two of the analysed accessions provided the same fingerprinting pattern. The ability of the used markers to detect polymorphisms was comparable, with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.47. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Safe Start demonstration projects, funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) under the first phase of the Safe Start initiative, are primarily designed to influence change at the systems or macrolevels to reduce the incidence of and impact of exposure to violence for children aged birth to 6 years; direct services are also provided to young children and their families who were exposed to violence. The data presented in this article come from 10 communities that submitted data regarding the characteristics of young children exposed to violence to OJJDP. These data represent families who are typically not represented in the databases of state child protective services programs but instead have been identified by domestic violence advocates, early care and education providers, family members, court personnel, police, and other social service personnel as families with young children in need of intervention due to violence exposure.The purpose of this article is to describe the characteristics of young children and their parents who seek help for psychosocial problems related to exposure to family and community violence. Results indicate that one quarter of the children and nearly half of their parents evidenced clinical levels of stress, suggesting the need to intervene at the family level as well as at the individual level when working with young children exposed to violence. The information presented, including the extent of exposure to violence, the multiple types of violence to which children are exposed, the impact of this exposure on young children and their families, and the multiple ways in which families exposed to violence come to the attention of service providers is useful for policy makers and service providers who are interested in breaking the cycle of violence by meeting the needs of the children exposed to violence and their families. (Contains 3 notes and 8 tables.)

Introduction: Data on pathological changes in COVID-19 are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the histopathological and virological findings of postmortem biopsies, and the existing clinical correlations, in people who died of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We performed postmortem needle core biopsies of the chest in 11 people who died of COVID-19 pneumonia. Tissue examination was done by light microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results: The age of the patients were between 61 to 94 years. Of the 11 postmortem chest biopsies, lung tissue was obtained in 8, myocardium tissue in 7, and liver tissue in 5. Histologically of lung, the main findings pertaining to the lung were diffuse alveolar damage in proliferative phase (n = 4, 50%), diffuse alveolar damage in exudative and proliferative phase (n = 3, 37.5%), diffuse alveolar damage in exudative (n=1; 12.5%) and acute pneumonia (n = 2, 25%). Necrotising pneumonia, acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia, and neutrophils were detected in one sample each (12.5%). Another case presented myocarditis. RT-PCR showed RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in 7 of the 8 lung samples (87.5%), 2 of the 7 myocardial tissue samples (28.6%), and 1 of the 5 liver tissue samples (20%). Conclusion: The postmortem examinations show diffuse alveolar damage, as well as acute or necrotising pneumonia. RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 was positive in most lung samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arachis hypogaea, L. is an oil seed crop with a worldwide importance and the seeds are eaten at one of several stages from immature to fully ripe, raw, or cooked. The aim of the study was to analyze specific iPBS fingerprints of twenty-one accessions of peanut that were collected in the places of their natural occurrence in Bolivia and describe the existing genetic polymorphism. For genomic imprinting, three different iPBS markers were chosen - 1882, 2079, 2274 and a PCR reactions were performed. Obtained iPBS fingerprints were evaluated for the presence/absence of individual amplified loci and scored in 1/0 matrices. A Jaccard coefficient of genetic similarity was applied in UPGMA analysis for dendrogram construction. Polymorphism level was achieved in the range from 48% up to the 75% per primer. None of the iPBS markers used in the study was considered to distinguish all of the analyzed peanut accessions, but combining them in the final analysis, the level of genomic polymorphism was sufficient to clear separating of iPBS fingerprints of the collected accessions and unique iPBS loci were recorded in genomes of some of them. We found that, by selecting the appropriate iPBS markers, it is possible to characterize the peanut genome in the individual level with a specific fingerprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 4‐year‐old girl presented with a 2‐month history of round, hypopigmented, slightly scaly patches measuring 1‐6 cm and encircled by an erythematous halo, first appearing on the lower limbs then spreading to the whole body. Three biopsies were taken as the condition progressed, each showing a lymphocytic infiltrate affecting a medium‐sized artery at the dermal‐subcutaneous junction, with a concentric fibrin ring. These findings are characteristic of lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis (LTA). The young age of our patient and the type of skin lesions she developed make this an atypical presentation of LTA, which usually manifests as hyperpigmented macules on the lower extremities, predominantly in dark‐skinned women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Patricia G. Cook-Craig on the role played by social network theory in the establishment of the primary prevention plan of the Kentucky EMPOWER Program, another by Pat Conway and colleagues on the successful implementation of the intimate partner violence (IPV) or sexual violence (SV) prevention work, and one by Denise Kervin and Jennifer Obinna on teen dating violence.

This study investigated the relationship between risk and protective factors among families with young children who have been exposed to violence and Safe Start treatment outcomes as measured by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Three groups of clients receiving different interventions were studied over the course of two years to investigate changes in parental stress and parent-child interaction. The results suggest that the groups differed in number of needs and protective factors and that these differences were strong predictors of variation in Parenting Stress Index-Short Form scores. Based on this finding, we conclude that families with higher levels of stress require immediate attention and support in linking with services that promote resiliency by reducing parental stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses measures to address the long term consequences of exposure to violence among children. It highlights the importance of parent's role for these programs to succeed. Some of the programs including Child Family Integration Resource, Support & Training (FIRST), Child Witness to Violence Project and Safe Start Initiative, are discussed. Involment of respective families and other home based services, as well as the intergration of the functions of all comunity service providers is advice to address the issue.

miR-17-5p and E2F1 have been described as deregulated in cancer, but they have scarcely been studied in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs). This study evaluates the relationship of E2F1 and miR-17-5p with the invasiveness and proliferation of PitNETs. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we evaluated the expression of E2F1, MYC, and miR-17-5p by quantitative real time PCR analysis in 60 PitNETs: 29 gonadotroph (GT), 15 functioning somatotroph (ST), and 16 corticotroph (CT) tumours, of which 8 were silent (sCT). The clinical data were collected from the Spanish Molecular Register of Pituitary Adenomas (REMAH) database. We defined invasiveness according to the Knosp classification and proliferation according to a molecular expression of Ki-67 ≥ 2.59. E2F1 was more expressed in invasive than in non-invasive tumours in the whole series (p = 0.004) and in STs (p = 0.01). In addition, it was overexpressed in the silent subtypes (GTs and sCTs; all macroadenomas) and normoexpressed in the functioning ones (fCTs and STs; some microadenomas). miR-17-5p was more expressed in proliferative than in non-proliferative tumours (p = 0.041) in the whole series but not by subtypes. Conclusions: Our study suggests that in PitNETs, E2F1 could be a good biomarker of invasiveness, and miR-17-5p of proliferation, helping the clinical management of these tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a low prevalence disease characterized by severe deficiency of the enzyme ADAMTS13, leading to the development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and often resulting in severe organ disfunction. TTP is an extremely serious condition and, therefore, timely and appropriate treatment is critical to prevent life-threatening complications.Over the past 25 years, significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of immune TTP have led to the development of readily available techniques for measuring ADAMTS13 levels, as well as new drugs that are particularly effective in the acute phase and in preventing relapses. These developments have improved the course of the disease.Given the complexity of the disease and its various clinical and laboratory manifestations, early diagnosis and treatment can be challenging.To address this challenge, a group of experienced professionals from the Catalan TTP group have developed this consensus statement to standardize terminology, diagnosis, treatment and follow up for immune TTP, based on currently available scientific evidence in the field. This guidance document aims to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive tool to make more accurate and timely diagnosis of TTP and improve patient outcomes.

Background: Autopsies can shed light on the pathogenesis of new and emerging diseases., Aim: To describe needle core necropsy findings of the lung, heart, and liver in decedents with COVID-19., Material: Cross-sectional study of needle core necropsies in patients who died with virologically confirmed COVID-19. Histopathological analyses were performed, and clinical data and patient course evaluated., Results: Chest core necropsies were performed in 71 decedents with a median age of 81 years (range 52-97); 47 (65.3%) were men. The median interval from symptoms onset to death was 17.5 days (range 1-84). Samples of lung ( n = 62, 87.3%), heart ( n = 48, 67.6%) and liver ( n = 39, 54.9%) were obtained. Fifty-one lung samples (82.3%) were abnormal: 19 (30.6%) showed proliferative diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), 12 (19.4%) presented exudative DAD, and 10 (16.1%) exhibited proliferative plus exudative DAD. Of the 46 lung samples tested for SARS-CoV-19 by RT-PCR, 39 (84.8%) were positive. DAD was associated with premortem values of lactate dehydrogenase of 400 U/L or higher [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 21.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.22-146] and treatment with tocilizumab (AOR 6.91; 95% CI 1.14-41.7). Proliferative DAD was associated with an onset-to-death interval of over 15 days (AOR 7.85, 95% CI 1.29-47.80). Twenty-three of the 48 (47.9%) heart samples were abnormal: all showed fiber hypertrophy, while 9 (18.8%) presented fibrosis. Of the liver samples, 29/39 (74.4%) were abnormal, due to steatosis ( n = 12, 30.8%), cholestasis ( n = 6, 15.4%) and lobular central necrosis ( n = 5, 12.8%)., Conclusion: Proliferative DAD was the main finding on lung core needle necropsy in people who died from COVID-19; this finding was related to a longer disease course. Changes in the liver and heart were common., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ramos-Rincon, Herrera-García, Silva-Ortega, Portilla-Tamarit, Alenda, Jaime-Sanchez, Arenas-Jiménez, Fornés-Riera, Scholz, Escribano, Pedrero-Castillo, Muñoz-Miguelsanz, Orts-Llinares, Martí-Pastor, Amo-Lozano, García-Sevila, Ribes-Mengual, Moreno-Perez, Concepcion-Aramendía, Merino, Sánchez-Martínez and Aranda.)

The immunohistochemistry (IHC) characterization of pituitary transcription factors (PTFs) PIT1, TPIT, and SF1, which enable the identification of three different adenohypophyseal cell lines, has been incorporated into the latest classification system of the World Health Organization (WHO) for pituitary adenomas. This change overturns the concept of the adenoma as solely a hormone producer and classifies these tumors based on their cell lineage. The aim of the study was to provide a diagnostic algorithm, based on IHC expression of hypophyseal hormones with potential use in diagnostic practice, contributing to an improved classification of pituitary adenomas. Our sample included 146 pituitary adenomas previously classified based on hormonal subtypes by IHC (former 2004 WHO criteria) and re-evaluated after the IHC quantification of PIT1, TPIT, and SF1 expression, under WHO 2017 recommendations. We assessed the correlation between expression of PTFs and the classification as per hormonal IHC and correlated clinicopathological profiles based on PTFs. The IHC study of PTFs allowed reclassification of 82% of tumors that were negative for all pituitary hormones, with 21 positive cases for SF1 (reclassified as gonadotroph tumors), 1 positive case for TPIT (reclassified as a corticotroph tumor), and 4 positive cases for PIT1. Using SF1 enabled detection of a substantial portion of gonadotroph tumors, reducing the estimated prevalence of null cell tumors to less than 5%, and identification of plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with PIT1-SF1 coexpression and hormone-negative PIT1s, a group in which we did not observe differences in the clinical behavior compared with the rest of the tumors of the same cell lineage.Our results suggest that applying a diagnostic algorithm based on the study of PTFs could contribute to improving the classification of pituitary adenomas. By adding TPIT assessment, we propose a two-step algorithm, with hypophyseal hormones being used in a selective modality, depending on initial results., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) subtypes continues generating interest. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed considering the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of pituitary-specific transcription factors (TF) for their typification. The present study targeted the quantification of pituitary-specific TF ( TPIT , PIT-1 , SF-1 , GATA2 , ESR1 ) gene expression by RT-qPCR to overcome the shortcomings of IHC and to complement it. We analyzed 251 tumors from our collection of PitNETs and performed additional IHC studies in a subset of 56 samples to analyze the concordance between gene and protein expression of the TF. The molecular and IHC studies allowed us to significantly reduce the percentage of null cell tumors in our series, most of which were reclassified as gonadotroph tumors. The concordance between the molecular and the immunohistochemical studies was good for tumors coming from the corticotroph and Pit-1 lineages but worsened for the rest of the tumors. Indeed, the RT-qPCR helped to improve the typification of plurihormonal Pit-1 and unusual tumors. Overall, our results suggest that the RT-qPCR of pituitary-specific TF and hormone genes could help pathologists, endocrinologists, and neurosurgeons to improve the management of patients with pituitary tumors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the characteristics of  medicines subject to additional monitoring. We assessed the following aspects:  the criteria applied to approve a medicine as being subject to additional  monitoring; the authorized dispensing conditions; the pharmacological groups to which they belong; and their post-authorisation safety., Method: We analysed the list published by the European Medicines Agency in  January 2017 (EMA/245297/2013 Rev.41). Information for the analysis was  obtained from the web sites of the European Medicines Agency and the Spanish  Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices., Results: We assessed 316 medicines subject to additional monitoring. The most  common criterion used to assign a medicine as being subject to additional  monitoring was it being a new active substance (n = 197 [62.3%]). Other  common criteria were requiring a post-authorisation safety study (n = 52  [16.5%]) and being a biologic medicine but not a new active substance (n = 49  [15.5%]). Regarding dispensing conditions, nearly 66% of these medicines were authorized under restricted conditions. Until January 2017, the Spanish Agency  of Medicines and Medical Device published 14 safety reports related to medicines subject to additional monitoring., Conclusions: The group of medicines subject to additional monitoring mainly  includes new active substances. The most common pharmacological group is antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. The postauthorisation safety  study has already produced information published by the Spanish Agency of  Medicines and Medical Devices., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Influenza's propensity for antigenic drift and shift, and to elicit predominantly strain specific antibodies (Abs) leaves humanity susceptible to waves of new strains with pandemic potential for which limited or no immunity may exist. Subsequently new clinical interventions are needed. To identify hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes that if targeted may confer universally protective humoral immunity, we examined plasmablasts from a subject that was immunized with the seasonal influenza inactivated vaccine, and isolated a human monoclonal Ab (mAb), KPF1. KPF1 has broad and potent neutralizing activity against H1 influenza viruses, and recognized 83% of all H1 isolates tested, including the pandemic 1918 H1. Prophylactically, KPF1 treatment resulted in 100% survival of mice from lethal challenge with multiple H1 influenza strains and when given as late as 72 h after challenge with A/California/04/2009 H1N1, resulted in 80% survival. KPF1 recognizes a novel epitope in the HA globular head, which includes a highly conserved amino acid, between the Ca and Cb antigenic sites. Although recent HA stalk-specific mAbs have broader reactivity, their potency is substantially limited, suggesting that cocktails of broadly reactive and highly potent HA globular head-specific mAbs, like KPF1, may have greater clinical feasibility for the treatment of influenza infections.