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O objetivo do meu artigo é apresentar a relação todo-partes no contexto da Doutrina da Essência (1813) de Hegel. Depois de ter indicado sucintamente a variedade de contextos em que essa relação ainda está debatida hoje em dia, tanto fora como dentro da interpretação da filosofia hegeliana, analisarei o contexto específico da primeira subdivisão (A. ) do terceiro capítulo (“A relação essencial”) da segunda seção (“O aparecimento”) da obra referida, analisando o argumento do texto e contextualizando o significado da Observação anexa. A relevância deste ensaio consiste em promover uma compreensão precisa de um par conceitual usado muitas vezes como um passe-partout hermenêutico para defender ou combater a filosofia de Hegel com base na suposta defesa hegeliana da primazia do todo sobre as partes. A tese (negativa) da lógica da essência é que tanto a primazia das partes sobre o todo como a primazia do todo sobre as partes são posições insustentáveis. Por fim, o argumento para essa tese envolverá um exame contextual da segunda antinomia da Crítica da Razão Pura

O objetivo específico do presente artigo é explicar por que a quarta figura do silogismo do ser aí (Schluß des Daseins) na doutrina do conceito da Ciência da Lógica de Hegel é denominada “silogismo matemático”. Para esse fim, pretendo proceder em três passos principais. Em primeiro lugar, elucidarei o conceito de silogismo a partir do qual o alcance e o limite do silogismo matemático devem ser avaliados. Em segundo lugar, apresentarei uma tradução e um comentário analítico do texto hegeliano sobre o silogismo matemático, procurando explicitar em que consiste a necessidade de reduzir o silogismo qualitativo ao silogismo quantitativo. Em terceiro lugar, mostrarei que a matemática, com efeito, constitui um âmbito legítimo dentro do qual o silogismo da quarta figura é capaz de gerar conhecimento, mas justamente a delimitação desse âmbito torna necessária a crítica de qualquer formalização matemático-simbólica da lógica dialética

Given the benefits both individuals and collectivity have achieved over the past few years thanks to Mobility-as-Service (MaaS) systems, various studies were conducted to predict the level of acceptance of MaaS bundles from different territorial scales and in different countries. Results obtained are in some cases contradictory. Literature is lacking in the study of small-to-medium-sized urban contexts and in the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to understand (1) what factors influence respondents' preferences between their usual transportation means and a possible MaaS alternative and (2) what leads a user to prefer one MaaS bundle to another. A logistic regression and a mixed logit model were developed to reach the two aims, respectively. These models were calibrated using questionnaires administered to employees of the Municipality of Padua, a medium-sized city in Italy. Aspects concerning the perception of health safety in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the analyses. In 37% of the cases, users stated they would be willing to adopt at least one of the proposed MaaS bundles. The results suggest that MaaS solutions can be a useful tool for managing mobility even in medium-sized cities, provided users' biosecurity concerns are addressed by appropriate countermeasures., Author(s): Andrea Baldassa (corresponding author) [1,2]; Riccardo Ceccato [1]; Federico Orsini [1,2]; Riccardo Rossi [1,2]; Massimiliano Gastaldi [1,2,3] 1. Introduction Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) seeks to integrate different transportation modes to facilitate [...]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is often seen as a promising solution to address societal and environmental challenges. Despite the importance of quantifying its potential benefits, few previous works have focused on the impacts on the environment, and all of them considered large cities. This study aims to forecast the diffusion of MaaS in a medium-sized city and quantify the consequent reduction in pollutant emissions for commuting trips. Answers from a mobility survey administered to employees of the Municipality of Padua (Italy) were used to calibrate a model predicting MaaS adoption, which was applied to real working trips to estimate daily vehicle emissions savings in future scenarios with different MaaS bundles. The results indicated that the opportunity to have multimodal mobility options providing door-to-door travel is a fundamental element to ensure wide MaaS diffusion. Furthermore, public transport was confirmed to be the backbone of such a system. Compared to the current scenario, we observed up to a 41% reduction in pollutant emissions. The analysis pointed out that MaaS adoption is highly dependent on the characteristics of the proposed bundles, thus highlighting the importance of a proper design of the service and ex ante evaluation of emission savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting women, and axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) are the most common initial site of metastatic spread. In patients with positive ALNs undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), it is necessary to localize and identify the lymph node metastases in order to perform less invasive axillary surgery, such as targeted axillary dissection (TAD). In this setting, the choice of the most appropriate localization methods is crucial to correctly orientate the removal of the pathological ALNs. This is more important considering that ALNs can become non-palpable after NACT. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines also suggest their possible use in a non-NACT setting, particularly in patients candidate to SLNB with limited numbers of positive ALNs in whom ALNs have been biopsied. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is an axillary staging technique after NACT that involves the removal of biopsy-proven metastatic lymph nodes in addition to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). This technique avoids the morbidity of traditional axillary lymph node dissection and has shown a lower false-negative rate than SLNB alone. Therefore, marking positive axillary lymph nodes before NACT is critical in order to locate and remove them in the subsequent surgery. Current localization methods include clip placement with intraoperative ultrasound, carbon-suspension liquids, localization wires, radioactive tracer-based localizers, magnetic seeds, radar reflectors, and radiofrequency identification devices. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the management of axillary lymph nodes based on current guidelines and explain the features of axillary lymph node markers, with relative advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of my essay is to clarify the status of the a priori in Hegel's Science of Logic.My claim is that in order to make possible an appreciation of the originality of Hegel's position we need to map a context of discussion and to dissolve a set of preconceptions about Hegel's idea of philosophy. My argument will be articulated in two parts. In the first part, I will analyse four possible positions regarding the issue of the aprioricity of the Logic, I will defend a fifth position, and I will draw a distinction between apriorism and a priori. In the second part, I will examine three distinct charges of apriorism against Hegel's Logic: the charge of assuming God's point of view of the universe, the charge of vicious circularity between the beginning and the end of the Logic, the charge of self-sufficiency of the Logic. As a result, I hope to show that these charges are unfounded, and to clear the ground for an adequate evaluation of Hegel's own sublation (Aufhebung) of the a priori/a posteriori divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of extreme value theory (EVT) to road safety analysis is gaining interest, thanks to its ability to produce quick and reliable safety evaluations without the use of crash data. Traditionally applied to single collision types and single extreme variables (i.e. surrogate measures of safety), EVT can be further exploited to simultaneously model multiple collision types, with the use of multiple extreme variables. In this paper two bivariate EVT approaches are applied for the safety evaluation of a three-leg unsignalized intersection, considering: (i) two conflict points and a single surrogate measure of safety; (ii) two surrogate measures of safety collected in a single conflict point. Each bivariate analysis was applied with two EVT methods: Component-wise Maxima (CM) and Excesses Over a Threshold (EOT). Bivariate models produced good results, especially with the EOT method, and were able to significantly improve the univariate benchmark results when the two estimation datasets were correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of assistance systems aimed at reducing road fatalities is spreading, especially for car drivers, but less effort has been devoted to developing and testing similar systems for powered two-wheelers (PTWs). Considering that over speeding represents one of the main causal factors in road crashes and that riders are more vulnerable than drivers, in the present study we investigated the effectiveness of an assistance system which signaled speed limit violations during a simulated moped-driving task, in optimal and poor visibility conditions. Participants performed four conditions of simulated riding: one baseline condition without Feedback, one Fog condition in which visual feedback was provided so as to indicate to the participants when a speed limit (lower than that indicated by the traffic signals) was exceeded, and two post-Feedback conditions with and without Fog, respectively, in which no feedback was delivered. Results showed that participants make fewer speeding violations when the feedback is not provided, after 1 month, and regardless of the visibility condition. Finally, the feedback has been proven effective in reducing speed violations in participants with an aggressive riding style, as measured in the baseline session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional ecological and environmentalist thinking that theorised the ‘return to nature’ by contrasting cities and nature seems to be unable to remedy the destructive relationship between city and biosphere. For this reason, it is necessary to rethink the relationship between anthropised and biotic systems, in order to respect the objectives of the Paris Agreement. This rethinking process involves imagining a ‘third space’ with a positive environmental value, much like an intermediate landscape in which buildings and urban realities can be designed - in a backcasting process - as tools capable of incorporating different types of ‘biospheric’ capabilities. The essay investigates urban forestation technologies by evaluating their potential and long-term limitations in extreme climatic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU Environmental Noise Directive recognized the importance of identifying and preserving “quiet areas.” Even if the majority of EU member states have not yet defined what is a quiet area, many researchers have started to investigate the topic using the so-called “soundscape” approach. Designing or preserving a “quiet area” in urban settings can be a challenging task. Schools and universities located in urban areas are often surrounded by areas with high traffic and noise pollution that affect the overall and sonic quality of the external spaces, which should represent pleasant areas where students can relax or study. In this study, the assessment of the soundscape and of the overall environment of the external area of the Literature Department of Roma TRE University (Italy) was investigated and discussed by analysing the acoustic, psychoacoustic and perceptual data collected. The results obtained by a summer measurement campaign were compared with the previous winter outcomes. Moreover, it was investigated how natural features, visual aspects and thermal conditions can affect the users’ judgment about the overall and the sonic environment; in particular, the Tranquility Rating Prediction Tool was evaluated, both in winter and summer. The measurements campaign revealed that the obtained values are comparable under winter and summer conditions. Due to this, the differences observed in the perception of the sonic and overall environment are ascribable to higher human voice component, more pleasant visual aspects and climate conditions during the summer. This trend was confirmed by tranquility rating values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]