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ObjectivesMultidisciplinary team meetings aim to facilitate efficient and accurate communication surrounding the complex process of treatment decision making for older patients with cancer. This process is even more complicated for older (≥70 years) patients as the lack of empirical evidence on treatment regimens in patients with age-related problems such as comorbidity and polypharmacy, necessitates a patient-centred approach.This study investigates the decision making process for older patients with cancer during multidisciplinary team meetings and the extent to which geriatric evaluation and geriatric expertise contribute to this process.MethodsNon-participant observations of 171 cases (≥70 years) during 30 multidisciplinary team meetings in five hospitals and systematically analysed using a medical decision making framework. All cases were in patients with colon or rectal cancer.ResultsFirst, not all steps from the medical decision making framework were followed. Second, we found limited use of patient-centred information such as (age-related) patient characteristics and patient preferences during the decision making process. Third, a geriatric perspective was largely missing in multidisciplinary team meetings.ConclusionsThis study uncovers gaps in the treatment decision making process for older patients with cancer during multidisciplinary team meetings. In particular individual vulnerabilities and patient wishes are often neglected.

Inspectorates and enforcement agencies increasingly depend on information from societal actors to detect and enforce business offenses, but little is known about the factors underlying external reporting. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of what drives external reporters to report offenses to enforcement agencies, and how reporters experience the reporting process. Potential reasons to report are derived of the literature on whistleblowing and on business relations within organizational fields. The article then presents findings of an extensive comparative, qualitative empirical study on reporting businesses. We find that reporters aim to incapacitate competitors who gain economic advantage by bending the rules, and regard inspectorates as their ally in maintaining a level playing field.

Existing research on bureaucratic encounters typically studies how bureaucrats’ and clients’ characteristics influence frontline decision making. How social interactions between street-level bureaucrats and between officials and citizens could directly affect case-related decisions largely remains an underexplored field of study, despite the fact that new forms of governance introduce social dynamics in the form of trust and collaboration as tools to increase legitimacy. Relying on in-depth qualitative data of the Belgian labor inspectorate and the Dutch tax authorities, this study scrutinizes how decisions about cases could be affected by their immediate social context.

In March 2013, the Council of Europe (COE) launched the No Hate Speech Movement, a media youth campaign against hate speech in cyberspace. In this paper, we analyze a corpus collected from the COE’s website. The corpus includes web site pages designed by the COE’s campaigners, as well as materials such as self-made videos and photos posted on the blog by the general public. We focus on the No Hate Speech Movement landing page and the Hate Speech Watch page. Following the tradition of social semiotics, we propose to investigate the verbal and visual features across a range of different genres, in an attempt to verify whether the interaction of different modes involves any contamination in discursive practices, which could lead to the evolution of existing genres or to the birth of new text types. Moreover, we focus on the relationship between community and context in order to verify whether web-based communication alters the terms for determining genre. Finally, we try to understand the role of the audience by concentrating on the notion of participation.

Research question: The contribution frames the special issue ‘Social responsibility and the European sport context’. It investigates and aims to inspire the discussion around what constitutes a European approach in social responsibility and sport management research focussing on how the special historical and persisting features of the European (sport) context impact on knowledge creation and diffusion. Research methods: The article reflects on the contributions included in the special issue; is based on reviewing relevant management literature; and is guided by the authors’ rich observations derived from their deep involvement in the international space of social responsibility in and through sport, spanning research and practice. Results and findings: Four anchors are suggested and explored as promising avenues to constitute ‘European-ness’ in social responsibility and sport management research. In short, these are investigations driven by empirical data; a comparative approach; comprehensive literature review; and theoretical/conceptual development. It is argued that the theory anchor is the most critical and challenging, but not fully developed yet. Implications: The article contributes a critical view on the potential for American/English hegemony in sport management scholarly activity, also impacting on one of its popular and growing sub-fields: social responsibility. Enhanced intellectual fertility and diversity of perspectives will produce more accurate understandings of the role and conceptualisation of social responsibility in European sport, impacting on both theoretical richness and relevance for contextually-embedded sport organisations.

Introduction: One-day fast track programs for cancer diagnostics and treatment planning are increasingly being implemented in health care. Fast-track programs are highly effective at reducing waiting times, and thus well received by patients and healthcare providers. However, these programs may also burden patients, as patients generally receive a lot of information from multiple healthcare providers within a short time span. This might increase anxiety and negatively impact recall of medical information in newly diagnosed patients. This study examines whether anxiety influences information recall at the moment of diagnosis, and whether this relation differs for younger and older patients.Methods: Data were collected from 78 colorectal cancer patients visiting a one-day fast-track multidisciplinary outpatient clinic. All consultations that took place were recorded on a video. Anxiety was measured at baseline (T1) and immediately after consultations (T2) with the STAI-6. Information recall was assessed by telephone within 36–48 hours after patients’ visit (T3) using open questions.Results: After consultations (T2), 32% of patients experienced clinical anxiety levels. Patients recalled ∼60% of medical information (T3). Information recall was negatively impacted by anxiety (β = –.28, p = .011), and negatively related to higher age (β = –.23, p = .031), and lower education level (β = .27, p = .013). Although older patients (M = 53.99) recalled 11% less information than younger patients (M = 64.84), age was not related to anxiety and did not moderate the anxiety-recall relationship.Conclusion: High levels of anxiety after receiving a cancer diagnosis negatively influence how much information patients remember after visiting a one-day fast-track clinic. This calls for interventions that may reduce patients’ anxiety as much as reasonably possible and support patients’ information recall. Researchers, practitioners, and hospitals are encouraged to continue exploring ways to optimize information provision to cancer patients in current modern healthcare.

Non-profit associations are usually democratically organized, and this feature plays a legitimizing role for the public support to associations. This article examines which characteristics at country level, organizational level and individual level can explain variations with regard to member engagement in the association democracy in sports clubs in Europe. The statistical analyses use data on 12,755 members from 642 sports clubs in ten European countries. The findings show that the majority of the members in sports clubs participate in the association democracy, but the level and form of engagement varies considerably. At the country level, no link between the democratic strength and quality of the countries on the one hand and member engagement on the other could be identified. Instead, characteristics at the organizational and individual level were found to be relevant. More concretely, (1) the size of the sports club, (2) the socioeconomic background of the members (gender, age and education), and (3) the way in which the members are involved in and affiliated to the club (engaged in voluntary work, participating in social activities, etc.) were found to be significantly correlated with the engagement of members in the association democracy.

Most hospital websites have not been developed in collaboration with patients and, therefore, rarely take into account the preferences and abilities of older patients. This study describes the systematic redesign of an existing hospital website in a co‐design process with patients and professional stakeholders (e.g. researchers, physicians, nurses, department heads, policymakers, website designers), with the aim to make it more user‐friendly for older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The redesign process consisted of three phases, where (I) both existing content and design were evaluated among CRC patients; (II) a prototype website was developed based on these insights; which (III) was evaluated again before making final adjustments. Mixed research methods were used for the redesign process. Specifically, insights from existing literature, outcomes from qualitative and quantitative empirical studies conducted by our team, and expert knowledge from relevant stakeholders, were collected and discussed in multidisciplinary consensus meetings, and served as input for the redesigned website. While the existing website was evaluated poorly, the qualitative evaluation of the prototype website in phase 3 showed that the newly redesigned website was usable for older CRC patients. A practical roadmap on how to collaboratively redesign and optimise existing eHealth tools to make them suitable for and operational in clinical settings is provided.

Contains fulltext : 218828.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Expectations of urban upgrading projects in light of the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro oscillated between hopeful prospects and pessimistic anticipation. The different opinions were clearly interwoven with stark socioeconomic inequalities and urban segregation. While authorities spread a celebratory narrative of improvements for the whole city, critics depicted a dystopian vision of spatial interventions that would violate the poor's right to the city. We side with those critics who foresaw the uneven consequences of these sports mega-events. Nevertheless, we also think that the experiences and narratives of poor residents themselves often get lost in such struggles. This photo essay provides insights into the displacement that took place against the backdrop of these mega-events. In both text and images, it zooms in on the consequences of an urban development program that was carried out in the run-up to the Olympics in two favelas bordering Rio's affluent South Zone. It shows residents' diverse ways of dealing with the intervention and its aftermath. It demonstrates how their displacement entailed decreased notions of collectivity, neighborliness, and security, and how it gave rise to new expectations, grievances, and claims on authorities. 19 p.

This short reflective paper discusses collusion from a psychoanalytically informed social psychological perspective. From this perspective, collusion represents a non-conscious group dynamic in which the participants ‘play together’ to keep a threatening or painful reality out of awareness. To illustrate the dynamics, two examples from the world of infrastructure and from higher education are provided. Although collusion in itself is not criminal, it may lead to neglectful or criminal behavior. Since it is a system-level phenomenon, holding individuals accountable will not end the dynamics.

Contains fulltext : 183926.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) This study investigates whether the shift from welfare state to participation society in the context of austerity in the Netherlands has had consequences for local sport policy. The central research questions are (1) do municipal sport budgets show evidence of a move away from classical welfare state values towards a participation society? and (2) do changes in local sport policy suggest a move away from classical welfare state values towards a participation society? First, we analysed spending on sport across all Dutch municipalities. Second, we quantitatively and qualitatively analysed 104 municipal coalition agreements for the 2014?2018 governing period. The approach used was interpretive, focusing on dominant or hegemonic discourses or storylines within local sport policy.It shows that Local sport policy in the Netherlands still hinges strongly on welfare state values and has not yet been hit by serious austerity measures. We found no evidence of a neoliberal slant or an emphasis on free-market and private entrepreneurship. Rather, the accent is on an expanded role for voluntary sport clubs (VSCs) in operating sport facilities and as policy implementer. We conclude that the shift in narrative from classical welfare state to participation society has, as yet, had limited effect on local sport policy. 16 p.

Exergames aim at stimulating healthy people or patients needing rehabilitation to do physical exercise to enhance their physical state (e.g., postural balance, muscle power). As older adults generally have more health problems than younger ones, such games could be beneficial to them. Since the introduction of the Wii gaming system by Nintendo in 2006, several literature reviews have been conducted that examine the impact of exergames on older adults’ physical well-being. However, less attention has been paid to the potential impact on their mental and social well-being. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore what we can learn from previously conducted empirical studies about the impact of exergaming on these kinds of well-being. Although a limited number of literature reviews show that some empirical studies have been conducted around these issues it is not clear that the results are evidence-based. The question remains whether the results can be used by rehabilitation centers and associations for senior citizens to promote exergaming among older adults also for their mental and social well-being. The purpose of this state-of-the-art paper is to present an overview to address this question and to make recommendations about guidelines for the research design of future evidence-based empirical studies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an ice-skating exergame can stimulate intercultural social interaction between refugees and Dutch children in controlled play sessions organized at elementary schools. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study based on observations of exergame play sessions and structured interviews conducted after the play sessions. A total of 58 children (7-12 years old), divided into 29 couples, each of which consisted of a refugee and a Dutch child, played the game at two Dutch elementary schools. We used Johnson and Johnson’s theoretical framework for cooperative interaction to structure the observations and analyze the results. A total of 8 dimensions (positive interdependence, individual accountability, face-to-face promotive interaction, social skills, self-analysis, language barrier, lack of teacher’s training barrier and preventing formation of pseudo-groups), were used to analyze the ways in which the game facilitated social interaction among participants. The results showed that in controlled playing sessions the game could be used to foster positive interdependence, individual accountability and face-to-face promotive interaction.

Researchers have long used content analysis techniques to document the frequency of stereotypical representations in the media, but the interest in studying ageism in the media is relatively recent. We approach older people’s representation in the media by considering visual aspects—depictions in visual documents, such as photos and video materials—with a focus on television programs and print and television advertisements. We introduce the concept of “visual ageism”: the social practice of visually underrepresenting older people or misrepresenting them in a prejudiced way. According to previous studies, over time, media representations of older people have moved from visual under- and misrepresentation (negative images) to more positive depictions. Our review of empirical studies conducted since 1950 in Europe and North America reveals that print and television advertisements started the transition towards a more positive visual representation of older people during the last decade of the twentieth century; followed by television programs some years later. This is probably due to the increase in third age rhetoric in the media, picturing younger-old adults as healthy and as potential consumers. Our analysis also shows that the older-old (fourth age) group continues to be underrepresented in the visual media. Finally, we suggest ways of reducing visual ageism by adopting a design for dynamic diversity approach.

In line with a general trend towards more responsive regulation, inspectors are expected to take inspectees’ needs and demands in account when making decisions. At the same time, inspection services increasingly apply instruments aimed at directing the inspectors’ actions. These contradictory signals can make the work of inspectors very difficult. By reviewing relevant literature, this chapter shows that not only inspectees’ behavior and characteristics, but also inspectors’ professional role identity, i.e. the way inspectors view their professional role, is critical to explain and predict decision making on the ground.

We review the literature (2007–2016) on the quality of sustainability decisions and we introduce an integrative conceptual framework that distinguishes between a beneficial and a detrimental path that explain the influence of stakeholder diversity on the comprehensiveness of sustainability decisions. We argue that decision quality increases when stakeholder interest diversity is expressed through task conflict (extensive information sharing and exploration). Decision quality is compromised if stakeholder diversity is suppressed and false consensus occurs, that is, when task conflict is not tolerated or when decision makers fail to acknowledge and work with their differences. We conclude by discussing three generic recommendations that focus on inclusive stakeholder selection, norms for engagement and process consultation as ways of developing constructive collaboration in multiparty systems.

In times of a general trend towards more responsive regulation inspectors take inspectees’ needs and demands in account when making decisions. At the same time, inspection services increasingly try to steer the inspectors’ actions by a growing number of instruments. These contradictory signals can make the work of inspectors very difficult. By reviewing relevant literature this chapters illustrates that in the context of these policy developments, not only inspectees’ behavior and characteristics, but also inspectors’ professional role identity, i.e. the way inspectors view their professional role, is critical to explain and predict decision-making on the ground.

In street-level bureaucracy studies, inspectors are often seen as frontline workers with individual discretion. Inspectors, however, increasingly operate in intra- or inter-organizational teams and perform joint inspections to more effectively tackle the complexity of multi-problems and wicked issues in society. Nevertheless, how street-level bureaucrats work together in teams, and how teamwork shapes decision making on the ground has not been given much scholarly attention in public administration. Based on findings from the few published studies on this topic, this chapter argues that the social dynamics and decision-making processes in joint inspections may be different than those in one-on-one inspector–inspectee encounters. It therefore calls for more research to better understand how teamwork shapes decision-making at the micro-level, and how challenges can be dealt with.

Multiparty systems bring together various stakeholder parties and their representatives and offer a platform for sharing their diverse interests, knowledge and expertise in order to develop and realize joint goals. They display complex relational dynamics in which within-party interactions (interpersonal interactions within each stakeholder party) as well as between-party interactions (interactions between the stakeholder parties) intertwine to generate bottom-up and top-down influences. We investigate these influences in a behavioural simulation. Our results show that changes in task conflict at the stakeholder party level positively predict changes in perceived collaborativeness in the overall system, while changes in relationship conflict at the stakeholder party level positively predict changes in perceived conflictuality in the system. Moreover, we show that changes in perceived overall conflictuality leads to a proportional change in relationship conflict experienced within the stakeholder parties.

The governing of sport has recently shifted from self-regulation towards various forms of joint regulation. This study uses the concept of governmentality to analyse practices of governing full contact martial arts and combat sports (FCMACS) in the Netherlands to answer the question of how the concept of governmentality informs the current and future governing of FCMACS. Dean’s methodological guidelines were used in the analysis of the consensus and contradictions in the rationalities and related technologies of power (regimes of practices) expressed in the regulation of FCMACS. According to the study’s respondents, future practices of the governing of FCMACS must enact equitable restrictions for all gyms and fight events and highlight the social value of FCMACS to facilitate them gaining the same status as regular sports. Such change requires practices of governing that combine authority and mediation with a climate open to self-regulation.

Sports take place in dynamic social political contexts and consequently the practices or routines of the governing of sports will need to be adapted to new and emerging public climates. For example recently sport organizations are challenged by governments and politicians on social political issues like integrity and safety or their contribution to participation and antidiscrimination in and through sport (Nagel, Schlesinger, Baylec, & Giauqued, 2015). As organizations respond to these developments, other stakeholders become involved in the governing of sports. For example when national governments, who intend to implement their policy goals to improve health, reduce crime or boost national prestige through sport, become partners in the governing of sport (Green & Houlihan, 2006). Routines in the governing of Full Contact Martial Arts and Combat Sports were challenged in the Netherlands when new groups of participants joined the various gyms, critical questions were asked by the public and politicians and when national and local governments began to implement their policy goals through Full Contact Martial Arts and Combat Sports. Critical issues emerged when the self-regulation of sport failed to ensure safety in and integrity of these sports at the national level. These issues meant more and various stakeholders became involved in (the governing of) these sports which increased the complexity of the governing of sports. This meant the enactment of various truths about Full Contact Martial Arts and Combat Sports became entangled in often confusing discussions about the real ‘truth’ and the appropriate way of governing these sports. Power and truths in Combat Sports investigates how Full Contact Martial Arts and Combat Sports organisations deal with social-political changes that affect the governing of these sports. The governing of diversity and the normalization of female boxers in a male dominated sport is explored at the local level. At the national level the focus is on the failure of various Full Contact Martial Arts and Combat Sports organizations in the Netherlands to engage in self-regulation and its consequences. The analyses of various truths and routinized practices of governing revealed the steps that were needed to come to a collaborative regulation of these sports. The regulations will acts as a safeguard to enable the practices of Full Contact Martial Arts and Combat Sports that are both safe and legal.

De gevolgen van een eventuele brexit zullen enorm zijn – zeker voor een Angelsaksisch georiënteerd land als Nederland. Marijk van der Wende en Jurgen Rienks brengen een en ander in kaart voor het hoger onderwijs. Waar moet de blik op gericht als die doorgaat?

Our society is ageing, yet new digital devices and services tend not to be designed with the needs of older people in mind. The wrong use of digital devices could lead to errors related to the characteristics of human-technology interactions. Problem solving is a key skill for such activities and devices. Running an unknown technological artefact means being faced with a problem situation that can be influenced by creative exploration of the new artefact. Our study aims to analyse creative exploration within the context of a problem-solving activity using parts of modular robotics with which both older and younger participants are unfamiliar. Does age matter?

The number of asylum requests in the Netherlands in 2015 was relatively high but comparable to 20 years ago. This article compares the social, political and cultural factors in mental health professionals’ ethical dilemmas and reflections in both periods. The data consists of papers from an expert meeting in 1995 on Medical Ethical Standards in Mental Health Care for Refugees, and interviews and focus groups with health professionals on ethical dilemmas in mental health care for asylum seekers in 2015. Using a discursive approach to analyse the data, we found that, in 1995, as well as in 2015, the deliberations of mental health professionals reveal medical, social, cultural and judicial paradigms. In 2015, political factors tend to weigh more heavily than in 1995. We conclude that, in both periods, mental health professionals experience conflicts of values but the context of care for asylum seekers changed.

Subject of this dissertation is the aetiology of crisis processes which place organizations under existential threats and which often cause organizational demise and bankruptcy. To date, research on organizational crises (OC) has not succeeded in identifying the generic grounds for these detrimental processes in organizations. A minimal consensus can be found in literature about some basic characteristics of slowly developing OC of non-catastrophic, non-sudden origin, which is the research object of this dissertation. The most often mentioned traits of such OC are: a) Increasing complexity and, at the same time, decreasing means of remedy in the course of OC. b) Ineffectiveness or adverse effectiveness of conventional management measures towards OC. c) Existential threat to the whole organization as a consequence of OC. d) Often very long incubation time with locally triggered or random place of OC outbreak. e) Unclear or seemingly multiple OC origins. Especially opaqueness and increasing complexity are two commonly reported properties which make OC both difficult to understand and to counteract as a manager, and also hard to explore theoretically. Complex, multifaceted and non-transparent phenomena are the research object of systems sciences, which deal with sets of invariant rules that are at work in systems and which are decisive for the behaviour of these systems. Because organizations are systems and OC are complex, multifaceted and non-transparent phenomena, this thesis looks at OC through the lens of system science. Using a systems, or more precisely, a management cybernetic theory called the Viable System Model (VSM) to address those issues, this work has overcome obstacles, observed in earlier research. The VSM is a topological model of the invariant control structure of any organization which defines the necessary and sufficient conditions for organizational viability or more specific for the ideal interplay of policy, adaptation, optimization, audit, co-ordination and operation. Because OC is a process which threatens an organization’s viability, the hypothesis was tested to what degree the VSM conditions can be used to understand and predict OC. To test this hypothesis the viability conditions of the VSM have been operationalized and translated into a questionnaire. With it, the system viability of 135 institutions has been assessed. Using a partial least square structural equation modelling approach the causal relationship between system viability and the prevalence of OC in the sample was tested and a significant and strong connection was found: The (absence of) system viability of organizations is strongly connected with the occurrence of OC. With these findings, the contribution of this dissertation is threefold; it provides a quantitatively underpinned increase in knowledge about the aetiology of organizational crises, a qualitative framework coded in plain language for the early recognition and prevention of organizational crises in practice and a quantitative test of the Viable System Models substantial claims.

It has long been established that voluntary sports clubs (VSCs) are ascribed a prominent social role by governments. Several scholars highlight the ascribed social values in sport policy to voluntary sports clubs and their possible implications for these voluntary organizations. Most of these studies focus on national sport policies. However, several studies signal a dominant role for local government in the public funding of sport. This discrepancy between local funding responsibility and scholarly attention to national sport policy legitimizes the following question: Which social roles do local governments ascribe to voluntary sports clubs? Further, the particularities of the social values of voluntary sports clubs have received only sparse attention. Using institutional theory as a theoretical lens, this paper addresses these lacunae through a systematic document analysis of the municipal sport policies of the twenty largest Dutch municipalities. These municipalities address four different social roles for voluntary sports clubs: (1) sports clubs as social infrastructure operators, (2) sports clubs as educational institutes, (3) sports clubs as service providers, and (4) sports clubs as project implementers. The article further elaborates on these four social roles and argues that these form a normative institutional framework for VSCs.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme identifies chemicals, drugs, mixtures, occupational exposures, lifestyles and personal habits, and physical and biological agents that cause cancer in humans and has evaluated about 1000 agents since 1971. Monographs are written by ad hoc Working Groups (WGs) of international scientific experts over a period of about 12 months ending in an eight-day meeting. The WG evaluates all of the publicly available scientific information on each substance and, through a transparent and rigorous process,1 decides on the degree to which the scientific evidence supports that substance’s potential to cause or not cause cancer in humans. For Monograph 112,2 17 expert scientists evaluated the carcinogenic hazard for four insecticides and the herbicide glyphosate.3 The WG concluded that the data for glyphosate meet the criteria for classification as a probable human carcinogen. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the primary agency of the European Union for risk assessments regarding food safety. In October 2015, EFSA reported4 on their evaluation of the Renewal Assessment Report5 (RAR) for glyphosate that was prepared by the Rapporteur Member State, the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). EFSA concluded that ‘glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans and the evidence does not support classification with regard to its carcinogenic potential’. Addendum 1 (the BfR Addendum) of the RAR5 discusses the scientific rationale for differing from the IARC WG conclusion. Serious flaws in the scientific evaluation in the RAR incorrectly characterise the potential for a carcinogenic hazard from exposure to glyphosate. Since the RAR is the basis for the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) conclusion,4 it is critical that these shortcomings are corrected., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

In recent decades, sport as a social practice has become relevant in many different fields: in health, economy, politics, education, work and leisure. The importance of sport transcends the confine...

The main aim of this paper is to test the extent to which social acceptance moderates the impact of minority dissent on group cognitive complexity (GCC). We hypothesize that divergent views expressed by a minority increase GCC especially when the group climate is open to divergent contributions (e.g., a socially accepting group climate). We also hypothesize that group size has a non-linear association with GCC in such a way that GCC increases as group size increases from low to average and then GCC decreases as group size further increases from average to high. We test these hypotheses in a sample of 537 students (258 women, with an average age of 23.37) organized in 92 groups that have worked together in the same group throughout the semester, and show that: (1) group size has a decreasing positive association with GCC, (2) both minority dissent and social acceptance are beneficial for GCC and (3) groups with the highest GCC are those that experience minority dissent and develop a socially accepting climate (in which group members can equally participate to the task), allowing the majority to process the dissenting views extensively.

Globalization has strongly influenced higher education during the last decades. As in many other sectors, this has generated contradictory outcomes. Higher education has opened up to the world and become more engaged at the global level. But how will this process continue with the current backlash against globalization in Europe and the United States, and what will be the impact of other major geopolitical trends such as the rise of China?

This article focuses on Dutch older adults’ use of digital devices in general, and digital games in particular, from an intergenerational perspective. We first present some facts related to provide insight into how Dutch older adults use such new media. Then, the case of the Dutch short film Pony Place is analyzed using a semiotic and narratological approach, to examine how older adults are represented as so-called ‘digital immigrants’, digitally illiterate persons who are unable to master a digital game device. Finally, an intergenerational digital game design approach is presented to show how older adults can actively be involved in the world of digital games, which could lead to a change from their unbalanced representation as digital immigrants to persons who are, like younger players, able to be active in the world of digital games.

The ‘aging well’ discourse advances the idea of making older people responsible for their capability to stay healthy and active. In the context of an increased ageing population, which poses several challenges to countries’ government, this discourse has become dominant in Europe. We explore the way older people are visually represented aton websites of organizations for older people in seven European countries (Finland, UK, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Poland and Romania), using an analytical approached based on visual content analysis, inspired by the dimensional model of national cultural differences from the Hofstede model (1991; 2001; 2011). We used two out of the five Hofstede dimensions: Individualism/Collectivism (IDV) and Masculinity/Femininity (MAS). The results demonstrated that in all seven countries older people are mostly visually represented as healthy/active, which reflects a dominant ‘ageing well’ discourse in Europe. The results also demonstrated that in most cases older people tend to be represented together with others, which is not consonant with the dominant ‘ageing well’ discourse in Europe. A last finding was that the visual representation of older people is in about half of the cases in line with these Hofstede dimensions. We discuss the implications of these findings claiming that the ‘ageing well’ discourse might lead to ‘visual ageism’. Organizations could keep this in mind while using pictures for their website or in other media and consider to use various kind of pictures, or to avoid using pictures of older people that stigmatize, marginalize or injure. They could look into the cultural situatedness and intersectional character of age relations and consider alternative strategies of both visibility and invisibility to talk with and about our ageing societies.

The main purpose of this paper is to review the benefits and factors to be taken into consideration for the design of intergenerational digital games. We conducted a systematic in Scopus, Web of Science, PsicInfo, Pubmed and Science Direct, finally including 16 empirical studies written in English. The identified benefits were found to fall into four main categories, i.e., (1) reinforcing family bond, (2) enhancing reciprocal learning (3) increasing understanding of the other generation and (4) reducing social anxiety. According to the literature, two types of factors are important to take into consideration: player-centric and game-centric factors. We identified the nature of the interactions between older (55–81 year-olds) and younger players (4–22 year-olds), their motivations to play digital games and the difference in abilities as the main player-centric factors to take into account when designing intergenerational games. The most relevant game-centric factors were found to be goal-related and space-related forms of interaction. To gain more insight into how specific benefits of playing digital games are related to a type of game, gender or age of the participant, additional empirical studies (comparative analyses), that take these factors into account are needed.

The continuation of emotional abuse as a normalized practice in elite youth sport has received scholarly attention, often with the use of a Foucauldian framework. The use of sense-making, a theoretical framework that focuses on how meaning is created in ambiguous situations, may give additional insights into the continuation of emotionally abusive coaching practices. The purpose of this study was to apply the seven properties of sense-making to explore how athletes and parents made sense of coaching practices in elite women’s gymnastics. We interviewed 14 elite women gymnasts and their parents to examine how they made sense of what occurred during practices. The results show how the sense-making of athletes and parents was an ongoing activity that resulted in a code of silence and a normalization of abusive coaching practices.

Previous studies have mainly focused on tailoring message content to match individual characteristics and preferences. This study investigates the effect of a website tailored to individual preferences for the mode of information presentation, compared to 4 nontailored websites on younger and older adults' attention and recall of information, employing a 5 (condition: tailored vs. text, text with illustrations, audiovisual, combination)×2 (age: younger [25-45] vs. older [≥65] adults) design (N = 559). The mode-tailored condition (relative to nontailored conditions) improved attention to the website and, consequently, recall in older adults, but not in younger adults. Younger adults recalled more from nontailored information such as text only or text with illustrations, relative to tailored information.

Recent geopolitical events, such as Brexit and the retreat from multilateral trade and cooperation by the USA, have created waves of uncertainty, not the least in the field of higher education, regarding international cooperation. Meanwhile, China is publicly seeking to take the lead in globalisation, developing its higher education and research systems at speed and actively seeking to cooperate with academic partners along the New Silk Roads, to attract talent (back). But under which conditions, whose definitions and based on what values? And what, if any, difference will the “New Silk Road” make in the global educational landscape?

On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, Annelies Knoppers, one of the leading scholars in understanding the culture of sport in organizational settings, considers how the critical lens of sociology can enhance and mesh with research on sport management. Knoppers argues that there have been lost opportunities and understandings from the little overlap between scholars publishing in journals in the sociology of sport and sport management. Using the topic of gender and leadership, she describes the benefits that might result from using a sociological lens and a ‘critical reflexivity’ to study power and social inequalities in sport management and organizations. Consideration is given to how critical understandings about gender can enhance organizational effectiveness by valuing ‘hybridity’ in leadership styles. The essay closes with arguments for a critical intersectional approach to the study of sport management with recognition that ‘disciplinary’ practices shape the wielding of leadership power within organizations.

The concept of diversity as an organizational value has become an integral part of many organizational policies, yet women and minorities continue to be underrepresented as managers. Scholars have drawn attention to the paradox in which managers recognize diversity as an organizational value and yet top level managerial ranks remain primarily homogenous. How senior managers negotiate the use of the discourse of diversity and the underrepresentation of women and minorities at managerial levels has received relatively little scholarly attention. The purpose of this study is to interrogate the use of the organizational value of diversity by examining how constructions of diversity and of women and ethnic and sexual minorities by senior managers working in nonprofit organizations inform discursive practices of diversity and homogeneity. We assume managers use implicit and explicit norms to differentiate among individuals and assign them to groups, and draw on various discourses to justify these categorizations and related exclusion. In this study, we explore how senior managers in nonprofit organizations construct diversity and homogeneity and create categorical groups such as women and minorities.

Background: Older adults are increasingly using the Internet for health information; however, they are often not able to correctly recall Web-based information (eHealth information). Recall of information is crucial for optimal health outcomes, such as adequate disease management and adherence to medical regimes. Combining effective message strategies may help to improve recall of eHealth information among older adults. Presenting information in an audiovisual format using conversational narration style is expected to optimize recall of information compared to other combinations of modality and narration style. Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of modality and narration style on recall of health information, and whether there are differences between younger and older adults. Methods: We conducted a Web-based experiment using a 2 (modality: written vs audiovisual information) by 2 (narration style: formal vs conversational style) between-subjects design (N=440). Age was assessed in the questionnaire and included as a factor: younger (

In this paper, we explore how physically disabled youth who participate in mainstream education discursively construct and position themselves in relation to dominant discourses about sport and physicality that mark their bodies as ‘abnormal’ and ‘deviant’. We employ a feminist poststructuralist perspective to analyze the narratives about sport, physical education (PE), the body and self of four physically disabled Dutch youngsters. Our results indicate that although dominant societal discourses about sport and physicality construct disabled bodies as deviant, vulnerable and lacking and the disabled as ‘abnormal’, these youth constructed the self as ‘normal’. However, they did so in different ways. One of the interviewees used the alternative discourse ‘everyone is different, everyone is normal’ to position her disabled self as different and normal simultaneously. Hereby she resisted dominant notions about the abled body embedded in discourses about sport and physicality. This act of resistance enabled her to accept her disability as part of her self. Others normalized their disabled bodies by attempting to pass as able-bodied. They tried to minimize and/or hide their disability and in this manner reproduced ableist discourses about sport and physicality. Our interviewees also engaged in various performative acts of resistance. They challenged these dominant discourses by strategically using the possibilities a different/disabled self provided them. Overall the data indicate the important role that visible signifiers of disability played in the exclusionary practices that these disabled youth encountered and the subject positions they could claim. Since alternative constructions and positionings regarding the abled/normal body suggest ways in which the dominance of ableism may be disrupted, we conclude with an emphasis on the need for future research that explores such alternatives.

Studies on sport mega-events and their legacies often seem only loosely connected to local experiences. Stories on sport mega-event legacy appear as a setting-the-scene or function as a reference to illustrate specific types of legacy. However, stories themselves are never the primary focus in these studies. What is generally lacking from these studies is an interpretive perspective, giving voice to ordinary citizens’ everyday experiences of legacies in mundane aspects of their lives and their local environment. The article aims to add an analysis of stories to the existing body of knowledge as an innovative way of interpreting sport mega-events’ legacies. We introduce a narrative ethnographic approach for studying sport mega-event legacy, by looking at the way stories and narrative analysis are used to conceptualise legacy in the sociological subfield of ageing-studies. In our case study we show how citizens from one Johannesburg township make sense of the legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup one year after the event, by analysing people's stories about two sport-for-development projects. We conclude that local residents of the township of Alexandra perceive changes in public safety and the image of Alexandra as the most important positive legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. At the same time they take a critical stance towards the World Cup's legacy, because personal situations and community structures were often disrupted, rather than improved. We maintain that a narrative ethnographic approach provides extensive accounts about sport mega-event legacies, which help to better understand the different faces of sport mega-events’ legacies at a micro level.

Society ages and our already extensive use of a host of different portable devices continues to expand. No leap of the imagination is needed to grasp that an exponential growth of the eHealth market is at hand. While the ageing of the baby boomers will have an impact on the global economy as a whole, of particular interest is the impact this will have within the context of eHealth market development. We wish to clarify and raise the level of awareness about how older age identity is constructed in the marketer-consumer dialectic within the eHealth context and how the personas method can be used from a cultural age perspective. Our focus is on the process of third agers becoming eHealth consumers. We present an analytical framework for future studies aiming to an-alyze eHealth offerings. This will allow us to gain insight into the process of constructing the third age eHealth consumer group’s identity through multimodal communicative acts, as is the case in advertising, or in settings requiring interactivity, such as the service design process. It is through these multimodal acts that new eHealth offerings could be marketed to the third age eHealth con-sumer, focusing especially on both the written and visual language used. Our approach is meant to offer an alternative to studies in which ageing has mostly drawn upon the chronological age concept and where marketing has not been seen as a discursive practice shaping consumers’ identities.

Background: Health information is increasingly presented on the Internet. Several Web design guidelines for older Web users have been proposed; however, these guidelines are often not applied in website development. Furthermore, although we know that older individuals use the Internet to search for health information, we lack knowledge on how they use and evaluate Web-based health information. Objective: This study evaluates user experiences with existing Web-based health information tools among older (≥ 65 years) cancer patients and survivors and their partners. The aim was to gain insight into usability issues and the perceived usefulness of cancer-related Web-based health information tools. Methods: We conducted video-recorded think-aloud observations for 7 Web-based health information tools, specifically 3 websites providing cancer-related information, 3 Web-based question prompt lists (QPLs), and 1 values clarification tool, with colorectal cancer patients or survivors (n=15) and their partners (n=8) (median age: 73; interquartile range 70-79). Participants were asked to think aloud while performing search, evaluation, and application tasks using the Web-based health information tools. Results: Overall, participants perceived Web-based health information tools as highly useful and indicated a willingness to use such tools. However, they experienced problems in terms of usability and perceived usefulness due to difficulties in using navigational elements, shortcomings in the layout, a lack of instructions on how to use the tools, difficulties with comprehensibility, and a large amount of variety in terms of the preferred amount of information. Although participants frequently commented that it was easy for them to find requested information, we observed that the large majority of the participants were not able to find it. Conclusions: Overall, older cancer patients appreciate and are able to use cancer information websites. However, this study shows the importance of maintaining awareness of age-related problems such as cognitive and functional decline and navigation difficulties with this target group in mind. The results of this study can be used to design usable and useful Web-based health information tools for older (cancer) patients.

This chapter describes how Amsterdam University College (AUC), a liberal arts and science honours college in The Netherlands, promotes internationalization and adopts a global approach in its curriculum and academic community. It shows how global learning outcomes and 21st century skills can be fostered to contribute to the international competiveness of higher education institutions and considers the implications for East Asia.

A rapidly growing body of scholarly literature has evolved to describe the impressive scale and pace at which the Chinese higher education has developed over recent decades. This is often being analysed as a response to globalization.

This book highlights the experiences of international leaders in liberal arts and science education from around the world as they discuss regional trends and models, with a specific focus on developments in and cooperation with China. Focusing on why this model responds to the twenty-first century requirements for excellence and relevance in undergraduate education, contributors examine if it can be implemented in different contexts and across academic cultures, structures, and traditions.

In recent years dark clouds seem to have gathered over the institution of the voluntary sport club. General societal developments such as individualisation and commercialisation have given rise to concerns regarding the transfer of such attitudes to sport clubs. Many people who are involved in and around these clubs increasingly refer to a growing consumerist attitude among members of voluntary sport clubs and are worried that their organisations will have difficulty in overcoming this new challenge. It has been suggested that a consumerist attitude contrasts with the fundamental organising principles of voluntary sport clubs and therefore threatens the future of these organisations. The main focus of this dissertation is to see what a consumerist attitude means in relation to voluntary sport clubs and how voluntary sport clubs deal with this attitude. I therefore have researched the consumerist attitude in the voluntary sport sector on three levels, using a mixed methods research approach. The results of the first part of the study show that the member-consumer is an important figure in Dutch sport policy. Although there is no empirical evidence for an increasing consumerist attitude among members of voluntary sport clubs, sport policy makers do pressure clubs to modernise their activities. The story of the emerging member-consumer hereby clearly has a rhetoric function: because the alarming sound of the threats of consumerism are mixed with the opportunities that modernisation brings, the pressure for clubs to leave behind their ‘association logic’ and develop towards a ‘consumer logic’ is quite big. In the second part of the study I consider the meaning of consumerist attitude in voluntary sport clubs, as seen by people who are directly involved in these clubs. Using their views, I have developed a measurement instrument for consumerism in sport organisations. This instrument contains five dimensions, who together describe the consumerist attitude: 1) Independence, 2) detachment, 3) unsociability, 4) service quality and 5) exit. These five dimensions are all characteristics of the consumerist attitude in sport organisations. They prove to be most visible in commercial sport organisations such as fitness and health centres, but can also be recognised in some voluntary sport clubs. In the third part of this study, I have researched the question how and why voluntary sport clubs change as response to (perceived) consumerism. The data shows that generally there is no evidence of an increasing number of voluntary sport associations becoming more flexible and service-oriented in their membership arrangements. However, there is small number of clubs that have modernised their activities and have developed towards a consumer logic. Contrary to what might be expected, this change does not stem from members’ demand for flexible and service oriented activities. Rather, it is associated with clubs that have a higher degree of external funding (e.g. sponsorship, subsidies), more cooperation with other organisations and who experience more competition in their sport. Moreover, these clubs have younger and higher educated board members, and their boards are more volatile and often have a formal, written policy plan.

Purpose – This paper proposes a New Literacies approach to get insight into young people’s capability to detect Fake News. Design/methodology/approach – Replication of a US empirical study in the Netherlands to examine whether schoolchildren were able to identify the spoof website Save The Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus as a fake. Findings – In the Netherlands, only 2 out of 27 school children (7%) recognized the website as being a hoax; results that are worse, even, than those of the 2007 US study, where the website was recognized as being unreliable by slightly more than 6 out of 53 school children (11%). Research limitations/implications – A similar but large scale quantitative empirical study should be conducted in several countries to see if the trends in the US and the Netherlands are indeed significant. Practical implications – It is important to start teaching children at an early age how to critically evaluate online information. Social implications – Our perceived reliability of digital information is a hot issue, given the frequency with which fake news is circulated. Being able to critically evaluate digital information will help us to have access to trustworthy information. Originality/value – Instead of using technological fact checking by Google, Facebook and Twitter, this paper suggests the adoption of a New Literacies approach, focusing on young people’s capability to detect Fake News.