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BACKGROUND: Access to pain education for healthcare professionals is an International Association for the Study of Pain's key recommendation to improve pain care. The content of preregistration and undergraduate physical therapy pain curricula, however, is highly variable.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a list, by consensus, of essential pain-related topics for the undergraduate physical therapy curriculum.METHODS: A modified Delphi study was conducted in four rounds, including a Delphi Panel ( N = 22) consisting of in pain experienced lecturers of preregistration undergraduate physical therapy of Universities of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands, and five Validation Panels. Round 1: topics were provided by the Delphi Panel, postgraduate pain educators, and a literature search. Rounds 2-4: the Delphi Panel rated the topics and commented. All topics were analyzed in terms of importance and degree of consensus. Validation Panels rated the outcome of Round 2. RESULTS: The Delphi Panel rated 257, 146, and 90 topics in Rounds 2, 3, and 4, respectively. This resulted in 71 topics judged as "not important," 97 as "important," and 89 as "highly important." In total, 63 topics were rated as "highly important" by the Delphi Panel and Validation Panels.CONCLUSION: A list was developed and can serve as a foundation for the development of comprehensive physical therapy pain curricula.

Although Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is traditionally defined as a static quality that teachers possess and apply in practice, we conceive of PCK as constituted by a dynamic, mutually influencing process between teacher and students. This co-constructing process is expressed in real-time interaction and defined by us as Expressed Pedagogical Content Knowledge (EPCK). The aim of this study is to develop a practically usable instrument that can track the microgenetic moment-to-moment interaction that embodies EPCK, and that enables us to observe different features and levels of EPCK in the form of changes in this interaction dynamics. We were interested to know how EPCK emerges and develops on the short-term time scale of classroom interaction. After presenting a general account of complex dynamic systems based measurement of psychological constructs (e.g., PCK), we describe a coding scheme for teacher-student interactions, based on theoretical EPCK components. The instrument was applied in an empirical observation study of a visit to a mobile planetarium by a grade 3 primary school class. A principal factor analysis was used to find latent EPCK components. Results show, firstly, that the instrument was reliable. Secondly, the variables in the coding scheme were relevant in view of the underlying theory. Thirdly, over the time course of the teaching session, latent components displayed various levels of EPCK – high, low or no ECPK. Instead of being an enduring or stable property of teaching-learning interactions, EPCK is a dynamic property occurring in the form of sequences of high and low levels, and corresponding peaks in the latent factors. Notably, EPCK did not appear in the form of a continuous steady state level but occurred in the form of bursts of high-level EPCK. We conclude that our coding scheme provides an adequate method for studying pedagogical content knowledge as it self-organizes in the form of real-time activity in the classroom. Keywords: complex dynamic systems approach, teaching-learning interaction, expressed pedagogical content knowledge, out-of-school science education, observation instrument, process validity, International Journal of Complexity in Education, Vol 1, No 1 (2020)

Current situation Conclusions: While pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting are considered relevant for future healthcare professionals, healthcare students currently lack appropriate pharmacovigilance knowledge and skills for these tasks. This is probably because they have had inadequate and or insufficient pharmacovigilance education during their training. Although only a few high-quality educational interventions have been described, the competencies learned with these educational interventions appear to fade quickly. Active learning techniques, such as enriched pharmacovigilance education or providing students with responsibility for an authentic and clinical task, could be a more effective way of teaching and increasing the pharmacovigilance competence of healthcare students. Recommendations: In order to improve the pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting competencies of future healthcare professionals, pharmacovigilance education should be developed using active learning techniques, such as a maximally enriched (pharmacovigilance) educational context, and evaluated. Real-life clinical practice Conclusions: Real-life pharmacovigilance education seems more effective than traditional education and has a positive influence on pharmacovigilance in clinical care. Healthcare students who had reported or assessed ADRs themselves had a more favourable attitude to ADR reporting and had more and longer-lasting pharmacovigilance skills and knowledge. By participating in this learning opportunity, they also contributed to pharmacovigilance in individual patient care and thereby increased medication safety. Recommendations: Incorporating real-life pharmacovigilance educational interventions in bachelor degrees and replacing aspects of current clerkships/internships should be seriously considered. Moreover, these interventions should involve students from different healthcare disciplines working in an interprofessional team. Real-life interprofessional practice Conclusions: Interprofessional healthcare teams, learning from and with each other, can contribute to pharmacovigilance in clinical practice by detecting and managing ADRs in real patients. In addition, students have their first opportunity to work in an interprofessional manner and thereby gain insight into the perspectives and qualities of their future colleagues. Recommendations: Although the value of interprofessional education is increasingly appreciated, curricula should try to ensure that students work on clinically relevant, real-life (pharmacovigilance) care. Future intervention studies should further unravel the learning benefits of real-life interprofessional education.

Current situation Conclusions: While pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting are considered relevant for future healthcare professionals, healthcare students currently lack appropriate pharmacovigilance knowledge and skills for these tasks. This is probably because they have had inadequate and or insufficient pharmacovigilance education during their training. Although only a few high-quality educational interventions have been described, the competencies learned with these educational interventions appear to fade quickly. Active learning techniques, such as enriched pharmacovigilance education or providing students with responsibility for an authentic and clinical task, could be a more effective way of teaching and increasing the pharmacovigilance competence of healthcare students. Recommendations: In order to improve the pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting competencies of future healthcare professionals, pharmacovigilance education should be developed using active learning techniques, such as a maximally enriched (pharmacovigilance) educational context, and evaluated. Real-life clinical practice Conclusions: Real-life pharmacovigilance education seems more effective than traditional education and has a positive influence on pharmacovigilance in clinical care. Healthcare students who had reported or assessed ADRs themselves had a more favourable attitude to ADR reporting and had more and longer-lasting pharmacovigilance skills and knowledge. By participating in this learning opportunity, they also contributed to pharmacovigilance in individual patient care and thereby increased medication safety. Recommendations: Incorporating real-life pharmacovigilance educational interventions in bachelor degrees and replacing aspects of current clerkships/internships should be seriously considered. Moreover, these interventions should involve students from different healthcare disciplines working in an interprofessional team. Real-life interprofessional practice Conclusions: Interprofessional healthcare teams, learning from and with each other, can contribute to pharmacovigilance in clinical practice by detecting and managing ADRs in real patients. In addition, students have their first opportunity to work in an interprofessional manner and thereby gain insight into the perspectives and qualities of their future colleagues. Recommendations: Although the value of interprofessional education is increasingly appreciated, curricula should try to ensure that students work on clinically relevant, real-life (pharmacovigilance) care. Future intervention studies should further unravel the learning benefits of real-life interprofessional education.

Over the last ten years there has been growing interest in the judgement and decision making (JDM) of outdoor professionals, though research to date has focused on the JDM processes of experts. In contrast, this study examined the JDM of less experienced, competent, but fully qualified outdoor instructors (N = 9) and the development of their JDM skills. Using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, we identified two overarching themes: Firstly, managing the cognitive load (relating to instructor JDM), and secondly social experiential learning (relating to instructor JDM development). We found these outdoor instructors needed to manage complex situational demands and high cognitive loads, while balancing the safety of their group with the development of their own JDM. We propose that a combination of challenging formative experiences, community of practice interactions, and explicit development of metacognition are essential to outdoor instructors JDM development. Implications for training, and future research are discussed.

Although Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is traditionally defined as a static quality that teachers possess and apply in practice, we conceive of PCK as constituted by a dynamic, mutually influencing process between teacher and students. This co-constructing process is expressed in real-time interaction and defined by us as Expressed Pedagogical Content Knowledge (EPCK). The aim of this study is to develop a practically usable instrument that can track the microgenetic moment-to-moment interaction that embodies EPCK, and that enables us to observe different features and levels of EPCK in the form of changes in this interaction dynamics. We were interested to know how EPCK emerges and develops on the short-term time scale of classroom interaction. After presenting a general account of complex dynamic systems based measurement of psychological constructs (e.g., PCK), we describe a coding scheme for teacher-student interactions, based on theoretical EPCK components. The instrument was applied in an empirical observation study of a visit to a mobile planetarium by a grade 3 primary school class. A principal factor analysis was used to find latent EPCK components. Results show, firstly, that the instrument was reliable. Secondly, the variables in the coding scheme were relevant in view of the underlying theory. Thirdly, over the time course of the teaching session, latent components displayed various levels of EPCK – high, low or no ECPK. Instead of being an enduring or stable property of teaching-learning interactions, EPCK is a dynamic property occurring in the form of sequences of high and low levels, and corresponding peaks in the latent factors. Notably, EPCK did not appear in the form of a continuous steady state level but occurred in the form of bursts of high-level EPCK. We conclude that our coding scheme provides an adequate method for studying pedagogical content knowledge as it self-organizes in the form of real-time activity in the classroom.

Au 19e siècle, les jeunes filles de la bourgeoisie, de la noblesse et des maisons royales d’Europe recevaient une éducation artistique. Si quelques-unes firent des arts leur métier en tirant profit d’une offre de formation en plein essor, la majorité – peu étudiée – d’entre elles pratiquait les arts en amateur. Cet article se concentre sur l’éducation artistique des artistes amatrices, en particulier celle des femmes de la noblesse dans le Bruxelles du 19e siècle. Pourtant très sensible à l’importance d’une éducation artistique, la noblesse ne vit naître dans ses rangs que de rares artistes professionnelles. La capitale offrait un vaste choix de formations. Des sources d’archives privées permettent d’approfondir les connaissances sur ces artistes amatrices et le paysage artistique de l’époque, tout en contextualisant les données liées aux artistes professionnelles. In de 19de eeuw kregen meisjes uit de burgerij, de adel en het koningshuis in Europa een artistieke opvoeding. Enkelen maakten van de kunsten hun beroep, wat door het groeiende opleidingsaanbod mogelijk was geworden. De weinig onderzochte meerderheid beoefende de kunsten als amateur. Dit artikel concentreert zich op de artistieke opvoeding van amateurkunstenaressen en specifiek op die van adellijke vrouwen in het 19de-eeuwse Brussel. De adel hechtte veel belang aan een kunstzinnige educatie, maar bracht zelden beroepskunstenaars voort. De hoofdstad bood ruime opleidingsmogelijkheden. Via bronnen uit privéarchieven wordt de kennis over amateurkunstenaressen en het artistieke landschap verdiept, terwijl bevindingen over beroepskunstenaressen worden gecontextualiseerd. In the 19th century, girls from the middle class, the nobility and the royal families in Europe received an artistic education. A few decided to become professional artists, which was made possible, among other things, by the growing range of education on offer. The understudied majority practiced the arts as amateurs. This article focuses on the artistic education of amateur artists and specifically on that of noble women in 19th-century Brussels. For the nobility, artistic education was very important, however it rarely produced professional artists. The capital offered ample education opportunities. The results from sources in private archives deepen the knowledge about amateur female artists and the artistic landscape, while contextualizing the findings about professional female artists.

Contains fulltext : 285985.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) 8 p.

Deze factsheet stelt de belangrijkste resultaten voor van een enquête die tussen juli en oktober 2018 werd afgenomen bij Franstalige kinderopvang in Brussel. De auteurs bespreken achtereenvolgens de inschrijvingsmodaliteiten en -criteria, de organisatie van de instap en van de eerste opvangdagen, de kenmerken van het publiek en de financiële bijdrage van de ouders. Cette fact sheet reprends les principaux résultats d’une enquête réalisée, entre les mois de juillet et d’octobre 2018, auprès de milieux d’accueil de la petite enfance francophones à Bruxelles. Elle aborde successivement les modalités et critères d’inscription, l’organisation de l’entrée et des premiers jours d’accueil, les caractéristiques du public et la contribution financière des parents. This fact sheet includes the main results of a survey of French-speaking childcare centres in Brussels between the months of July and October 2018. It deals with the registration procedures and criteria, the organisation of the first days of childcare, the characteristics of users and the financial contribution of parents.

This article will discuss social, environmental, and ecological justice in education for sustainable development (ESD) and Education for Sustainable Development Goals (ESDG). The concept of sustainable development and, by extension, the ESD, places heavy emphasis on the economic and social aspects of sustainability. However, the ESD falls short of recognizing ecological justice, or recognition that nonhumans also have a right to exist and flourish. An intervention in the form of an undergraduate course titled Politics, Business, and Environment (PBE) will be discussed. As part of this course, students were asked to reflect on the three pillars of sustainable development: society, economy, and environment, linking these to the fourth concept, ecological justice or biospheric egalitarianism. Biospheric egalitarianism is characterized by the recognition of intrinsic value in the environment and is defined as concern about justice for the environment. Some of the resulting exam answers are analyzed, demonstrating students&rsquo, ability to recognize the moral and pragmatic limitations of the anthropocentric approach to justice. This analysis presents ways forward in thinking about the role of &ldquo, ecological justice&rdquo, as the ultimate bottom line upon which both society and economy are based.

The COVID-19 pandemic forces millions of teachers worldwide to engage in online teaching. Teachers are exploring and experimenting with various digital forms to deliver learning content, keep communicating with students and colleagues, and assess learning outcomes. A digital knowledge-building community gradually emerges and becomes more vivid. This note reports results from a study among honors teachers and administrators from 18 schools of a large Dutch university who all shared their problems and recommendations after the first five weeks of remote teaching, Spring 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic forces millions of teachers worldwide to engage in online teaching. Teachers are exploring and experimenting with various digital forms to deliver learning content, keep communicating with students and colleagues, and assess learning outcomes. A digital knowledge-building community gradually emerges and becomes more vivid. This note reports results from a study among honors teachers and administrators from 18 schools of a large Dutch university who all shared their problems and recommendations after the first five weeks of remote teaching, Spring 2020.

Introduction: Acquiring practical skills is essential for dental students. These practical skills are assessed throughout their training, both formatively and summatively. However, by means of visual inspection alone, assessment cannot always be performed objectively. A computerised evaluation system may serve as an objective tool to assist the assessor. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate prepCheck as a tool to assess students’ practical skills and as a means to provide feedback in dental education. Methods: As part of a previously scheduled practical examination, students made a preparation for a retentive crown on the maxillary right central incisor—tooth 11. Assessments were made four times by two independent assessors in two different ways: (a) conventionally and (b) assisted by prepCheck. By means of Cohen's kappa coefficient, agreements between conventional and digitally assisted assessments were compared. Questionnaires were used to assess how students experienced working with prepCheck. Results: Without the use of prepCheck, ratings given by teachers differed considerably (mean κ = 0.19), whereas the differences with prepCheck assistance were very small (mean κ = 0.96). Students found prepCheck a helpful tool for teachers to assess practical skills. Extra feedback given by prepCheck was considered useful and effective. However, some students complained about too few scanners and too little time for practice, and some believed that prepCheck is too strict. Conclusion: prepCheck can be used to assist assessors in order to obtain a more objective outcome. Results showed that practicing with feedback from both prepCheck and the teacher contributes to an effective learning process. Most students appreciated prepCheck for learning practical skills, but introducing prepCheck requires enough equipment and preparation time.

In order to study education and development, researchers can choose among a plethora of methods. The Merriam-Webster dictionary tells us that “method” means: a procedure or process for attaining an object …such as …a systematic procedure, technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular discipline or art “ or “a way, technique, or process of or for doing something”, or “a body of skills or techniques”. Methods proper to the scientific study of education and development cover a very broad range of procedures, ranging from how to formulate and ask questions, how to design studies for answering such questions, how to perform such studies in real-world contexts, how to extract data and how to process them, how to relate processed data to answers on questions, how to communicate such questions and answers, and how to apply them to real world activities aimed at promoting education and development. This body of methods is customarily termed “methodology”, which is a concept that includes the methods themselves but also our understanding of their relationships and their rational and scientific justification. Let us call this body of methods and the justifications “Integrative methodology”. Researchers often tend to see this integrative methodology as a more or less autonomous set of good practice prescriptions. This view is consistent with practices of academic training in which methodology courses are offered separate from courses on disciplinarian contents, e.g. courses on development or educational science. As a consequence of this autonomy oriented view of methodology, scientific questions regarding development and education tend to be framed in terms of the available or habitual methods. For instance, we readily transform or translate concrete questions about the influence of some particular educational intervention in terms of a statistically significant difference between 2 representative samples that systematically differ in only one variable or feature of interest, which, in this case, is the intervention. Almost every word in this translation carries the heavy burden of methodological principles, concepts and presuppositions: “statistically”, “significant”, “difference”, “representative”, “sample”, “systematically”, “variable”, and “intervention”. And all these principles, concepts and presuppositions are taken from this autonomous body of integrative methodology, which forms our indisputable cookbook of good practices, outside of which no good — scientific — practices exist. The answers to questions that are shaped by this independent body of methodology will then contribute to existing theories of development and education. In this sense, it is the (allegedly) independent methodology that informs theory. In this chapter, we will move against this current practice and make the — apparently deeply obvious — claim that it must be theory that informs the questions and the way we shall answer these questions. That is, it must be theory – that is, your body of justified knowledge about a particular phenomenon – that informs, influences and determines methodology, that is, the whole of methods, procedures and instruments that you use to study that phenomenon. . The sort of theory that should inform integrative methodology must be an integrative theory, that is to say a theory consisting of a consistent set of general principles and concepts shaping the domains of inquiry, which in this particular case are the related domains of development and education

In order to study education and development, researchers can choose among a plethora of methods. The Merriam-Webster dictionary tells us that “method” means: a procedure or process for attaining an object …such as …a systematic procedure, technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular discipline or art “ or “a way, technique, or process of or for doing something”, or “a body of skills or techniques”. Methods proper to the scientific study of education and development cover a very broad range of procedures, ranging from how to formulate and ask questions, how to design studies for answering such questions, how to perform such studies in real-world contexts, how to extract data and how to process them, how to relate processed data to answers on questions, how to communicate such questions and answers, and how to apply them to real world activities aimed at promoting education and development. This body of methods is customarily termed “methodology”, which is a concept that includes the methods themselves but also our understanding of their relationships and their rational and scientific justification. Let us call this body of methods and the justifications “Integrative methodology”. Researchers often tend to see this integrative methodology as a more or less autonomous set of good practice prescriptions. This view is consistent with practices of academic training in which methodology courses are offered separate from courses on disciplinarian contents, e.g. courses on development or educational science. As a consequence of this autonomy oriented view of methodology, scientific questions regarding development and education tend to be framed in terms of the available or habitual methods. For instance, we readily transform or translate concrete questions about the influence of some particular educational intervention in terms of a statistically significant difference between 2 representative samples that systematically differ in only one variable or feature of interest, which, in this case, is the intervention. Almost every word in this translation carries the heavy burden of methodological principles, concepts and presuppositions: “statistically”, “significant”, “difference”, “representative”, “sample”, “systematically”, “variable”, and “intervention”. And all these principles, concepts and presuppositions are taken from this autonomous body of integrative methodology, which forms our indisputable cookbook of good practices, outside of which no good — scientific — practices exist. The answers to questions that are shaped by this independent body of methodology will then contribute to existing theories of development and education. In this sense, it is the (allegedly) independent methodology that informs theory. In this chapter, we will move against this current practice and make the — apparently deeply obvious — claim that it must be theory that informs the questions and the way we shall answer these questions. That is, it must be theory – that is, your body of justified knowledge about a particular phenomenon – that informs, influences and determines methodology, that is, the whole of methods, procedures and instruments that you use to study that phenomenon. . The sort of theory that should inform integrative methodology must be an integrative theory, that is to say a theory consisting of a consistent set of general principles and concepts shaping the domains of inquiry, which in this particular case are the related domains of development and education

The Serendipity Tables projects connects youngsters and students with the wider community and enhances entrepreneurial mindsets. The Serendipity Table has been approved as good practice. Moreover it scored high on the creativity and applicability aspect.

The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of a video feedback coaching intervention for upper-grade primary school teachers on students’ cognitive gains in scientific knowledge. This teaching intervention was designed with the use of inquiry-based learning principles for teachers, such as the empirical cycle and the posing of thought-provoking questions. The intervention was put into practice in 10 upper-grade classrooms. The trajectory comprised four lessons, complemented with two premeasures and two postmeasures. The control condition consisted of 11 upper-grade teachers and their students. The success of the intervention was tested using an established standardized achievement test and situated measures. In this way, by means of premeasure and postmeasure questionnaires and video data, an assessment could be made of the change in students’ scientific knowledge before, during, and after the intervention. In this study, we primarily focused on the dynamics of students’ real-time expressions of scientific knowledge in the classroom. Important indicators of the effect of the intervention were found. Through focusing on the number of explanations and predictions, a significant increase could be seen in the proportion of students’ utterances displaying scientific understanding in the intervention condition. In addition, students in the intervention condition more often reasoned on higher complexity levels than students in the control condition. No effect was found for students’ scientific knowledge as measured with a standardized achievement test. Implications for future studies are stressed, as well as the importance of enriching the evaluation of intervention studies by focusing on dynamics in the classroom.

Introduction In the Netherlands, hospitals have difficulty in implementing the formal procedure of comparing radiation dose values to Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). Methods To support the hospitals, train radiography students, and carry out a nationwide dose survey, diagnostic radiography students performed 125 DRL comparisons for nine different procedures in 29 radiology departments. Students were instructed at three Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences with a radiography programme and supervised by medical physicists from the participating hospitals. Results After a pilot study in the western part of the country in eight hospitals, this study was enlarged to involve 21 hospitals from all over the Netherlands. The 86 obtained dose comparisons fall below the DRLs in 97% of all cases. This very high compliance may have been enhanced by the voluntary participation of hospitals that are confident about their performance. Conclusion The results indicate that the current DRLs that were not based on a national survey, may need to be updated, sometimes to half their current value. For chest and pelvis examinations the DRLs could be lowered from 12 and 300 μGy·m 2 to the 75-percentile values found in this study of 5,9 and 188 μGy·m 2 , respectively.

Waarom vinden veel leerkrachten het lastig en draaien anderen hun hand er niet voor om? Waarom zijn sommige ouders dik tevreden over het contact met de leerkracht van hun kind en ervaren anderen frustraties? Om leerkrachten te ondersteunen in hun handelingsverlegenheid is er een ruim aanbod aan cursussen, trainingen en handboeken. Geadviseerd wordt om te werken aan een breed scala aan sociale en communicatieve vaardigheden. Vaak zijn deze vaardigheden heel algemeen geformuleerd en ontbreekt het in veel gevallen aan een onderbouwing van deze vaardigheden. Om (beginnende) leerkrachten adequaat voor te bereiden op de samenwerking met ouders is het noodzakelijk te weten welke specifieke competenties een leerkracht nodig heeft. De vraag in dit artikel is dan ook: Welke specifieke competenties zijn blijkens de onderzoeksliteratuur voor leerkrachten van belang in het samenwerken met ouders? Deze literatuurstudie maakt duidelijk dat er weinig zicht is op de specifieke competenties die een leerkracht nodig heeft om met ouders samen te kunnen werken. Er wordt vooral gesproken over sociale en communicatieve competenties in algemene zin en het aanbod (trainingen, cursussen en handboeken) om leerkrachten te helpen in de interactie met ouders is breed en ongericht. Onze literatuurstudie levert vier specifieke leerkrachtcompetenties op die van belang zijn in de samenwerking met ouders: 1) een uitnodigende houding , 2) omgaan met diversiteit, 3) ouders zien als waardevolle partners, 4) gericht op empowerment.

Game-based learning (GBL) is an interactive form of training in which instructional elements are combined with motivational elements within one GBL-environment. Under the right circumstances, GBL can contribute to both learning and motivation. It is, however, unclear which elements in the design of GBL-environments can encourage effective and efficient learning. Metacognition is cognition about cognition: knowing about one’s own knowledge and applying that knowledge in practice. While research has found that learners can benefit from metacognitive support within learning environments, it is unclear how to encourage metacognition in GBL-environments to improve learning effectively and efficiently. In this paper, we present a qualitative review of metacognition within GBL. We discuss the objectives, interventions, and effects reported in studies that address metacognition in GBL-environments. The aim of this review is to inform educational designers, researchers, and other professionals who want to address metacognition in GBL, and the review concludes with concrete implications for design and research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

To have sustainable societies, we need to accelerate the energy transition towards clean energy solutions, however, awareness and understanding of the process is still limited, especially among young people. In addition, the topic has mainly been approached from an engineering angle, ignoring the social challenges: lack of public support for solar farms and large wind turbines could stop the need to act. An optimal balance considering the point of view from all parties involved is out of sight without a focus on social structures and a dialogue among all parties. In this context, universities have a critical role to play: these institutions build capacity through the development of new knowledge, new understanding and new insights, and can therefore provide effective solutions to complex societal challenges. In search of innovative approaches to reach young people, whose communicative paradigm has become more interactive and participatory, the use of serious gaming in formal education is gaining attention among scholars and practitioners: they can foster skills and abilities, contribute to content development of complex issues by integrating insights from different disciplines, and permit learning experiences that are not possible in real life. In this paper, we introduce “We-Energy Game”, which aims to create understanding on the urgency and complexities in the provision of affordable energy from renewable sources for an entire town. During the game, players negotiate, from their respective roles, which energy source they want to employ and on which location, with the goal to make a village or city energy neutral. Then, we present findings from a pre-test and posttest completed by a hundred university students in The Netherlands to analyze the effects of the game on players awareness and understanding. Results reveal positive outcomes on awareness, as well as understanding of the complexity of energy transition and the importance (and difficulty) of collaboration among stakeholders.

To have sustainable societies, we need to accelerate the energy transition towards clean energy solutions, however, awareness and understanding of the process is still limited, especially among young people. In addition, the topic has mainly been approached from an engineering angle, ignoring the social challenges: lack of public support for solar farms and large wind turbines could stop the need to act. An optimal balance considering the point of view from all parties involved is out of sight without a focus on social structures and a dialogue among all parties. In this context, universities have a critical role to play: these institutions build capacity through the development of new knowledge, new understanding and new insights, and can therefore provide effective solutions to complex societal challenges. In search of innovative approaches to reach young people, whose communicative paradigm has become more interactive and participatory, the use of serious gaming in formal education is gaining attention among scholars and practitioners: they can foster skills and abilities, contribute to content development of complex issues by integrating insights from different disciplines, and permit learning experiences that are not possible in real life. In this paper, we introduce “We-Energy Game”, which aims to create understanding on the urgency and complexities in the provision of affordable energy from renewable sources for an entire town. During the game, players negotiate, from their respective roles, which energy source they want to employ and on which location, with the goal to make a village or city energy neutral. Then, we present findings from a pre-test and posttest completed by a hundred university students in The Netherlands to analyze the effects of the game on players awareness and understanding. Results reveal positive outcomes on awareness, as well as understanding of the complexity of energy transition and the importance (and difficulty) of collaboration among stakeholders.

Game-based learning can motivate learners and help them to acquire new knowledge in an active way. However, it is not always clear for learners how to learn effectively and efficiently within game-based learning environments. As metacognition comprises the knowledge and skills that learners employ to plan, monitor, regulate, and evaluate their learning, it plays a key role in improving their learning in general. Thus, if we want learners to become better at learning through game-based learning, we need to investigate how metacognition can be integrated into the design of game-based learning environments. In this paper we introduce a framework that aids designers and researchers to formally specify the design of game-based learning environments encouraging metacognition. With a more formal specification of the metacognitive objectives and the way the training design and game design aims to achieve these goals, we can learn more through analysing and comparing different approaches. The framework consists of design dimensions regarding metacognitive outcomes, metacognitive training, and metacognitive game design. Each design dimension represents two opposing directions for the design of a game-based learning environment that are likely to affect the encouragement of metacognitive awareness within learners. As such, we introduce a formalised method to design, evaluate and compare games addressing metacognition, thus enabling both researchers and designers to create more effective games for learning in the future.

Workshop

To tackle the continuous criticism of a lack of coherence and being disconnected from practice, teacher education programs have started to focus on the study and practice of teaching on campus. Yet, without theory, candidates may develop a technical view of teaching, lacking the understanding of the theoretical rationale behind the practices. Additionally, learning about research methods is a part of many teacher education programs as it helps candidates to become reflective and creative teachers who are able to learn systematically about their practice. Against this background, we investigate how the studying and practicing of teaching and attention to theory and research within campus courses influence teacher candidates’ perception of coherence in their teacher education program. Data from 270 candidates from Norway, Sweden and the US (California) were analyzed. Stepwise regression analyses show that, after controlling for the program candidates belong to, the study and practice of teaching and the opportunity to learn about theory contribute to explaining differences in perceptions of coherence between courses and opportunities to connect the various parts of the program. However, it seems that other variables come into play when candidates are asked about coherence between field experiences and campus courses. We furthermore find that learning about, reading, discussing, or analyzing research methods within methods courses is not a significant predictor of candidates’ perception of coherence. This finding seems to contrast the call for more attention to research methods in teacher education.

In the Southern part of Norway, many secondary school pupils drop out due to lack of motivation. Our project aims to enhance pupils’ desire to learn and to complete their education. Here, we investigate possible change in motivation after implementation of an intervention. We specifically focus on pupils’ motivation for their subject, in this study: Norwegian. Meta-cognitive abilities and self-regulated learning have a positive effect on motivation. Therefore, we developed a five-step intervention to strengthen pupils’ self-regulated learning and meta-cognitive abilities. In the intervention, pupils define a) what prevents them from being motivated for learning and b) how they can overcome possible obstacles hindering their learning. Additionally, they discuss this with their peers and formulate their own learning approach to the subject at hand, thus strengthening their sense of autonomy and relatedness. Pupils’ motivation was measured at three time points across the school year (N=101, T1; N=76, T2; N=105, T3). MANOVA revealed that, over the course of the year, pupils became less intrinsically and more extrinsically motivated towards their subject, thus contradicting our expectations and previous findings. Although we aimed to target pupils’ intrinsic motivation, the implementation of our study may also have reduced pupils’ sense of autonomy, thus strengthening their external motivation and moving away from more student-centered learning.

To tackle the continuous criticism of a lack of coherence and being disconnected from practice, teacher education programs have started to focus on the study and practice of teaching on campus. Yet, without theory, candidates may develop a technical view of teaching, lacking the understanding of the theoretical rationale behind the practices. Additionally, learning about research methods is a part of many teacher education programs as it helps candidates to become reflective and creative teachers who are able to learn systematically about their practice. Against this background, we investigate how the studying and practicing of teaching and attention to theory and research within campus courses influence teacher candidates’ perception of coherence in their teacher education program. Data from 270 candidates from Norway, Sweden and the US (California) were analyzed. Stepwise regression analyses show that, after controlling for the program candidates belong to, the study and practice of teaching and the opportunity to learn about theory contribute to explaining differences in perceptions of coherence between courses and opportunities to connect the various parts of the program. However, it seems that other variables come into play when candidates are asked about coherence between field experiences and campus courses. We furthermore find that learning about, reading, discussing, or analyzing research methods within methods courses is not a significant predictor of candidates’ perception of coherence. This finding seems to contrast the call for more attention to research methods in teacher education.

Workshop

In the Southern part of Norway, many secondary school pupils drop out due to lack of motivation. Our project aims to enhance pupils’ desire to learn and to complete their education. Here, we investigate possible change in motivation after implementation of an intervention. We specifically focus on pupils’ motivation for their subject, in this study: Norwegian. Meta-cognitive abilities and self-regulated learning have a positive effect on motivation. Therefore, we developed a five-step intervention to strengthen pupils’ self-regulated learning and meta-cognitive abilities. In the intervention, pupils define a) what prevents them from being motivated for learning and b) how they can overcome possible obstacles hindering their learning. Additionally, they discuss this with their peers and formulate their own learning approach to the subject at hand, thus strengthening their sense of autonomy and relatedness. Pupils’ motivation was measured at three time points across the school year (N=101, T1; N=76, T2; N=105, T3). MANOVA revealed that, over the course of the year, pupils became less intrinsically and more extrinsically motivated towards their subject, thus contradicting our expectations and previous findings. Although we aimed to target pupils’ intrinsic motivation, the implementation of our study may also have reduced pupils’ sense of autonomy, thus strengthening their external motivation and moving away from more student-centered learning.

Visual Thinking (VT) is concerned with the use of visual resources (diagrams, simple drawings, short texts) to represent, organize or communicate ideas or contents. VT aims to favor the understanding of concepts to `translate' to a visual representation a content or process. Lower thinking skills to remember and understand concepts are necessary as much as higher order skills to filter, manage and spatially organize contents. VT offers us a slower, but more effective, way to learn and teachers are increasingly using VT for educational purposes in their lectures. Within the VT techniques, we have set ourselves in the so-called canvas as a template that allows to visually structuring the fundamental elements of an entity or process. As an example of use in the educational field, the PBL canvas proposed by conecta13, describes a Project Based Learning process in nine steps (key competences, learning standards, evaluation method, final product, tasks, resources, ICT tools, grouping and organization and dissemination). On the other hand, we find the need to encourage Science, Technonoloy, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) vocations, especially in women, given the decreasing interest in these areas (Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Mathematics) considered more arid and boring by students. This makes us to face a paradoxical crossroad, since much of the jobs of the future will be linked to these fields. It is therefore necessary to bring the methodology of scientific thinking closer to the students by presenting it in accessible ways. Here we propose a canvas that provides a visual structure to represent graphically the various steps of the scientific method. These steps include the systematic observation, formulation of hypothesis, design of the experiment to prove or discard them, to finally elaborate some conclusions leading to development of a theory. The canvas is used as a visual tool to support the design to summarize the results of the scientific experiment, to cover the different steps in a schematic way either with text or graphically. An empty template is provided as well as different examples of the canvas covered with experiments that can be carried out in different pre-university educational levels. In order to let this canvas become part of the public domain it is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license, so that anyone can use it, copy or modify by free, with the only condition of attributing the corresponding authorship and keeping the license open.

Visual Thinking (VT) is concerned with the use of visual resources (diagrams, simple drawings, short texts) to represent, organize or communicate ideas or contents. VT aims to favor the understanding of concepts to `translate' to a visual representation a content or process. Lower thinking skills to remember and understand concepts are necessary as much as higher order skills to filter, manage and spatially organize contents. VT offers us a slower, but more effective, way to learn and teachers are increasingly using VT for educational purposes in their lectures. Within the VT techniques, we have set ourselves in the so-called canvas as a template that allows to visually structuring the fundamental elements of an entity or process. As an example of use in the educational field, the PBL canvas proposed by conecta13, describes a Project Based Learning process in nine steps (key competences, learning standards, evaluation method, final product, tasks, resources, ICT tools, grouping and organization and dissemination). On the other hand, we find the need to encourage Science, Technonoloy, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) vocations, especially in women, given the decreasing interest in these areas (Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Mathematics) considered more arid and boring by students. This makes us to face a paradoxical crossroad, since much of the jobs of the future will be linked to these fields. It is therefore necessary to bring the methodology of scientific thinking closer to the students by presenting it in accessible ways. Here we propose a canvas that provides a visual structure to represent graphically the various steps of the scientific method. These steps include the systematic observation, formulation of hypothesis, design of the experiment to prove or discard them, to finally elaborate some conclusions leading to development of a theory. The canvas is used as a visual tool to support the design to summarize the results of the scientific experiment, to cover the different steps in a schematic way either with text or graphically. An empty template is provided as well as different examples of the canvas covered with experiments that can be carried out in different pre-university educational levels. In order to let this canvas become part of the public domain it is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license, so that anyone can use it, copy or modify by free, with the only condition of attributing the corresponding authorship and keeping the license open.

What kind of serious games dealing with climate change are out there? Do these types of games share similar quality levels across borders? The purpose of this article is to carry out a comparative quality assessment of games produced in two different countries: United States and Spain. For this purpose, we develop and put into practice a tool to assess the quality of thirty games (fifteen US American and fifteen Spanish) based on the opinion of experts through the Delphi method. Criteria are categorized into identification, narrative, contents, gameplay, and didactics. The results show that these games share similarities but also differ from each other, which bring us to establish different quality scenarios for different countries. The total scores reveal a higher quality level of United States serious games on climate change.

A key concept within 21st-century skills is knowing how to acquire new knowledge and skills. Metacognition is the knowledge a person has of their own learning combined with the skills to apply that knowledge to enable more efficient and effective learning. Game-based learning can stimulate motivation as well as learning, but while various reviews have pointed out the opportunity for digital games to promote metacognition, little is known about how games can be designed to accomplish this. If we want learners to become better at learning with games, we need to investigate how metacognition can be supported and trained through game-based learning. Previous research has identified generic principles for designing metacognitive training, while only a few principles specific to game-based learning have been suggested. We designed the mobile game MeCo based on these design principles. MeCo was inspired by the mobile game Reigns and replicates its mechanic of exploring a dynamically branching story through choice-making by swiping cards left or right. However, in MeCo the objective is to learn as much as possible about different planets and their inhabitants, by planning, performing, and evaluating space exploration missions. Two metacognitive interventions were added to promote the transfer of metacognition to real-world learning situations: metacognitive question prompts and metacognitive feedback. A preliminary evaluation of the game was conducted using questionnaires and focus groups. Players found the game motivating enough to engage with the story and to be willing to play the game in their free time. Furthermore, they found that their in-game choices mattered, although more linear parts were preferred over more dynamically branching parts of the game. However, the humour in the narrative interfered with the more serious nature of metacognitive questions, resulting in players not taking the questions seriously enough to have an impact on metacognitive awareness. The implications for designing motivating digital games to enhance metacognition are discussed.

The Erasmus project Peat Valley+ was a coalition of the Hanze University of Applied Science, Vocational School Terra in the Netherlands, the Vives University of Applied Science in Belgium and the university of Skövde in Sweden. This Alliance worked on the development of an external structure in the region to make the schools, students, researchers and teachers mobile in their own region. This project is linked to LLO and Regional Food Chain REFRAME.

The Erasmus project Peat Valley+ was a coalition of the Hanze University of Applied Science, Vocational School Terra in the Netherlands, the Vives University of Applied Science in Belgium and the university of Skövde in Sweden. This Alliance worked on the development of an external structure in the region to make the schools, students, researchers and teachers mobile in their own region. This project is linked to LLO and Regional Food Chain REFRAME.

Videogames have become educational, communicative and social tools among the young, favouring the acquisition of skills, abilities and values, encompassing an endless number of themes, and helping them to experience and to face, in the first person, a great diversity of environmental situations and ecology problems. Thus, the present article aims: (a) to evaluate a sample of 20 educational videogames about water, making use of some empirical criteria of quality; and (b) to design, validate and apply an integrated quality indicator of educational videogames on water, based on the aspects of narrative, gameplay and education, which allows us to obtain a ranking. The findings reflect a ranking of games allowing us to suggest that the nature of the game (simulation, adventures, platforms or questions) does not determine the quality of the game, although generally simulations and adventure games are placed in a range of medium- or high-quality, as well as those games that pursue objectives related to the design and management of a territory in a sustainable way. The paper provides teachers with quality criteria based on narrative and gameplay that complement and enrich the pedagogical dimension., This research received funding of the Excelence Unit of Research, Faculty of Education & Vicerectorate of Research and Transference, University of Granada.

Hoe kiezen we wat de school moet meegeven aan de volgende generatie, als elke groep in de samenleving daar anders over denkt? Waarom mag de één wel met steun van de overheid programma's maken voor omroep of theater, en de ander niet? Wat moet worden onderzocht als niet elk onderzoek kan worden betaald? In een land waar geen enkele meerderheid zomaar zijn wil kan opleggen, zijn dat lastige vragen. "In de regel vrij" laat zien hoe Nederland in de afgelopen eeuw op eigen wijze vorm gaf aan onderwijs, cultuur en wetenschap. Een bijzondere ervaring, die bij de vraagstukken van de toekomst nog van nut kan zijn. Dit toegankelijke en rijk geïllustreerde boek verschijnt bij het honderdjarig bestaan van het ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. Het beschrijft een eeuw in thema's, van burgerschap tot wetenschap en van media tot Mammoetwet. Daarnaast bevat het bijzondere interviews met alle oud-ministers sinds 1973.

If we want game-based learning to make learning enjoyable as well as effective and efficient, we need to increase learner's awareness of and ability in learning itself. At the heart of learning is metacognition: a learner's understanding of how knowledge is constructed through learning, and the repertoire of strategies, tactics, and monitoring processes that enact learning. The goal of this PhD research is to inform designers and researchers who want to support and improve metacognition of learners within game-based learning environments, by identifying, implementing, and evaluating generic design principles for metacognitive interventions.

If we want game-based learning to make learning enjoyable as well as effective and efficient, we need to increase learner's awareness of and ability in learning itself. At the heart of learning is metacognition: a learner's understanding of how knowledge is constructed through learning, and the repertoire of strategies, tactics, and monitoring processes that enact learning. The goal of this PhD research is to inform designers and researchers who want to support and improve metacognition of learners within game-based learning environments, by identifying, implementing, and evaluating generic design principles for metacognitive interventions.

Teacher development courses should be based on both research and literature to promote their success and impact in practice. In this article, we translate the findings of research studies and theories into evidence-based design principles for a professional development course for honors teachers. This course was evaluated on the level of teacher reaction, teacher learning, outcomes, and organizational response. Nine design principles were formulated and translated into concrete actions, resulting in a one-year course (study load of 140 hours), ‘A Teacher’s Road to Excellence.’ We evaluated the impact of the course with a questionnaire filled in by participants (N=10) who finished the course one year ago. The design principles showed to be helpful in developing this course for honors teachers. The course, ‘A Teacher’s Road to Excellence,’ seems to be instructive for honors teachers and impact on student learning outcomes is seen. More research is needed to improve its impact further, on organizational level.

Posterpresentatie Symposium CoE Healthy Ageing 2017

Background Over the past few years, the complexity of the health care system in which nurses are required to practice has increased considerably, magnifying the need for excellent professionals with a specific set of knowledge, skills and attitudes. However, the characteristics that distinguish an excellent nurse have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to determine nurses’ perspectives regarding characteristics associated with an excellent nurse in order to elicit a conceptual profile. Method A focus group design followed by Delphi panel content validation was utilized. Information regarding nurses’ perspectives was derived from six focus group discussions comprising 19 nurses involved in hospital practice and 24 nurses with experience in mental health care. The analysis of the focus group discussions resulted in nine domains whereby content validity was achieved with contributions from a Delphi panel survey with 26 professionals. Results As determined by the survey, a combination of these specified aspects characterize an excellent nurse: analytical, communicative, cooperative, coordinating, disseminates knowledge, empathic, evidence-driven, innovative and introspective. Conclusion Determining what establishes an excellent nurse according to experienced nurses is valuable as this information can influence the broadening curriculum for educating future nurses to meet the needs in the professional field, contributing to the quality of care. This conceptual profile can be used as a reference guide for supervisors and professionals to personally improve their clinical practice as well as for education.