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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of malignant tumor death. The development of novel, more effective drugs is desperately needed to treat CRC. Zingiber officinale is believed to possess anticancer properties due to its flavonoids and phenols. Using Soxhlet (SOXT) and maceration (MACR) techniques, the present study aimed to evaluate the amounts of quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, naringin, and caffeic acid in ginger capsules of Z. officinale. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ultraviolet was used for separation and quantitation. In vitro toxicity evaluation of ginger capsules on the CRC cell line HT‐29 was also conducted to assess the anticancer activity of the supplement. The cell line HT‐29 (HTB‐38) colorectal adenocarcinoma was utilized for the antiproliferative effect of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. Ginger herbal supplement extract at dosages of 200 and 100 μg had strong cytotoxic effects (IC50 < 50 μg/mL) on HT‐29 CRC cells via MACR. This extract is comparable to the SOXT extract, which has an IC50 of less than 50 μg/mL. The anticancer effect of ginger herbal supplement formulations against CRC lines was investigated, and the results obtained from both the MACR and SOXT extraction procedures were noteworthy. The quercetin content was the highest of all the extracts according to the HPLC data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the polyethylene oxide (PEO)/SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) nanocomposite films with various SiO2 NPs concentrations were prepared using an in situ formation of NPs in the polymer matrix for self‐cleaning antireflected surface applications. The effect of SiO2 NPs in PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films on the structural, morphological, chemical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films was performed. According to the x‐ray diffraction and the differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the crystallinity degree of the nanocomposite films decreases by increasing the SiO2 NPs concentrations. The bandgap energy of PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films decreases from 3.95 to 3.55 eV as the SiO2 NPs concentration increases up to 10 wt.%. The average electrical conductivity of the PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films increases from 5.1 × 10−7 to 2.0 × 10−6 S/cm as the SiO2 NPs concentration increases up to 10 wt.%. The refractive index decreases to 1.64 at 550 nm for the PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films with 10 wt.% of SiO2 NPs, and the water contact angle decreases to around 0° after thermal treatment, which confirms that the PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films can be used as self‐cleaning antireflected surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the multimodal strategy context, to implement healthcare-associated infection prevention, bundles are one of the most commonly used methods to adapt guidelines in the local context and transfer best practices into routine clinical care. One of the most important measures to prevent surgical site infections is surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). This narrative review aims to present a bundle for the correct SAP administration and evaluate the evidence supporting it. Surgical site infection (SSI) prevention guidelines published by the WHO, CDC, NICE, and SHEA/IDSA/APIC/AHA, and the clinical practice guidelines for SAP by ASHP/IDSA/SIS/SHEA, were reviewed. Subsequently, comprehensive searches were also conducted using the PubMed®/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, in order to identify further supporting evidence-based documentation. The bundle includes five different measures that may affect proper SAP administration. The measures included may be easily implemented in all hospitals worldwide and are based on minimal drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics knowledge, which all surgeons should know. Antibiotics for SAP should be prescribed for surgical procedures at high risk for SSIs, such as clean–contaminated and contaminated surgical procedures or for clean surgical procedures where SSIs, even if unlikely, may have devastating consequences, such as in procedures with prosthetic implants. SAP should generally be administered within 60 min before the surgical incision for most antibiotics (including cefazolin). SAP redosing is indicated for surgical procedures exceeding two antibiotic half-lives or for procedures significantly associated with blood loss. In principle, SAP should be discontinued after the surgical procedure. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programmes can optimise the treatment of infections and reduce adverse events associated with antibiotics. In the context of a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach, it is essential to encourage an institutional safety culture in which surgeons are persuaded, rather than compelled, to respect antibiotic prescribing practices. In that context, the proposed bundle contains a set of evidence-based interventions for SAP administration. It is easy to apply, promotes collaboration, and includes measures that can be adequately followed and evaluated in all hospitals worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To quantify quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, naringin, and caffeic acid in the rhizome of Zingiber officinale different extracts in seven different solvents (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, water, dichloromethane, chloroform, and n-hexane), for the first time, using HPLC/UV. Also, to study the anticancer activity of Zingiber officinale different extracts by evaluating its in vitro toxicity on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Methods: The fresh and dried rhizomes were extracted using Soxhlet (SOX) and maceration (MAC) methods. Separation of compounds was conducted using HPLC. The cell line used for MTT cell proliferation assay antiproliferative; is HT-29 (HTB-38) colorectal adenocarcinoma. Results: The MTT test indicated that powder ginger extracted by MAC or SOX showed high cytotoxicity activity (IC50<50) against HT-29 cells, except water using SOX, which showed mild cytotoxicity activity. The fresh ginger extracted by MAC using dichloromethane and those extracted by SOX using ethyl acetate showed strong cytotoxicity activity (IC50 <50). Conclusion: The phenolic and flavonoid contents of ginger can vary depending on the different extracts from ginger plant. Also, HPLC results revealed that quercetin was the highest in all extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two major characteristics that can impact the frequency and severity of traffic crashes are average speed and speed variance. This paper investigated these characteristics on 49 multilane highway segments in Jordan and developed prediction models for three different conditions: free (no enforcement), camera, and police enforcement. Speed data were collected during off-peak periods with fair weather conditions. Multiple linear regressions and nonlinear regressions were used to develop speed variance and average speed models. For the free condition, speed variance mainly depends on the difference between design speed and speed limit (DS-SL), with the speed variance decreasing as the difference reduces, while the average speed was positively correlated with the design speed. Camera enforcement causes speed variance and average speed to be positively correlated and linearly dependent with the speed limit. A quadratic relationship was found between speed variance during police enforcement and DS-SL, while the average speed during police enforcement depended on the speed limit and design speed. These modeling results, along with analysis of the collected data, can help operating agencies and roadway designers determine how various enforcement strategies affect average speed and speed variance and better set speed limits on existing and future roadways to improve safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure, morphology, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Co-doped Ba1−xCoxTiO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.06) were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy measurements. The XRD patterns confirmed that the Ba1−xCoxTiO3 samples crystallized in the perovskite phase, and a transition from quadratic to pseudo-cubic phase was observed with Co doping. Upon doping, the band gap (Eg) decreased from 3.14 eV to 2.11 eV, indicating that Co doping into BaTiO3 caused a change in their electronic levels associated with lattice defects. Additionally, the optical parameters including linear refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric coefficient, optical conductivity (σopt), and the static index (n0) were extracted and linked to the Co content. Finally, analysis of the linear (LOp) and nonlinear optical (NLOp) parameters of Ba1−xCoxTiO3 revealed that the increase in Co content induces an increase in the NLOp refractive index (n2) and third-order NLOp susceptibility χ(3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate red-light violations and their influencing factors at traffic signals in four major cities in Jordan. Field data was collected from 30 traffic signals in Amman, Zarqa, Jerash and Irbid cities. The intersection type, leg grade and speed of the subject's approach data was collected through field surveys and measurements, while the red-light violation data was collected from the recorded videos. The study analysis showed that among 3,444 drivers who had the chance to violate a red light, 436 (12.66%) drivers ran a red light. Pickup drivers had the highest violation rate among all drivers, with a rate of 21.4%, while heavy-vehicle drivers showed the lowest percentage of violation, at 11.18% for buses and 8.24% for trucks. The analysis showed that four-leg intersections had a higher violation rate than three-leg intersections. Also, drivers tended to show more violations on upgrade intersection approaches, with almost the same violation behavior on level and downgrade intersection approaches. According to traffic movement type, the analysis results showed that through-moving vehicles had the highest violation rate among all movement types, followed by left-turners, while the lowest violation rate was observed among U-turn movements. Referring to the location of the intersection, the violation rate was 13.48% in urban areas and 11.37% in sub-urban areas. The results showed that drivers tend to violate red lights more during fall than in spring. It was found that about 21% of drivers who arrived at the intersection at the beginning of red time violated the red light, while only 3.53% violated the red light during the rest of the red time interval. In addition, the percentage of red-light violations was directly proportional to the subject approach speed and total traffic volume entering the intersection and was inversely proportional to the conflicting traffic volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber-attacks on cyber-physical systems (CPSs) resulted to sensing and actuation misbehavior, severe damage to physical object, and safety risk. Machine learning (ML)models have been presented to hinder cyberattacks on the CPS environment; however, the non-existence of labelled data from new attacks makes their detection quite interesting. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a commonly utilized to detect and classify the existence of intrusions in the CPS environment, which acts as an important part in secure CPS environment. Latest developments in deep learning (DL) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) stimulate new IDSs to manage cyberattacks with minimum complexity and high sophistication. In this aspect, this paper presents an XAI based IDS using feature selection with Dirichlet Variational Autoencoder (XAIIDS-FSDVAE) model for CPS. The proposed model encompasses the design of coyote optimization algorithm (COA) based feature selection (FS) model is derived to select an optimal subset of features. Next, an intelligent Dirichlet Variational Autoencoder (DVAE) technique is employed for the anomaly detection process in the CPS environment. Finally, the parameter optimization of the DVAEtakes place using amanta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) model to tune the parameter of the DVAE. In order to determine the enhanced intrusion detection efficiency of the XAIIDS-FSDVAE technique, a wide range of simulations take place using the benchmark datasets. The experimental results reported the better performance of the XAIIDS-FSDVAE technique over the recent methods in terms of several evaluation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, experimental and numerical simulations were conducted to examine Acid orange 7 (AO7) adsorption by sodium hydroxide treated eggshells (SHTES). The tests were carried out in a continuous fixed-bed column of 10 cm. The Effects of initial dye concentration (30, 50 and 80 mg/L) and flow rate (2, 4 and 6 ml/min) on the column performance were also investigated. A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric mathematical model based on conservation equations of movement and species was used to predict the breakthrough curves of the fixed-bed for AO7 adsorption. The obtained experimental results were used to validate this model; a good compatibility has been noted between the numerical and experimental results of the breakthrough curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a case of incidentally discovered gas bubbles flowing within the inferior vena cava during a routine abdominal sonographic examination, that subsequently unmasked a previously undiagnosed emphysematous cystitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention of cervical cancer becomes essential and is carried out by the use of Pap smear images. Pap smear test analysis is laborious and tiresome work performed visually using a cytopathologist. Therefore, automated cervical cancer diagnosis using automated methods are necessary. This paper designs an optimal deep learning based Inception model for cervical cancer diagnosis (ODLIM-CCD) using pap smear images. The proposed ODLIM-CCD technique incorporates median filtering (MF) based pre-processing to discard the noise and Otsu model based segmentation process. Besides, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based Inception with Residual Network (ResNet) v2 model is utilized for deriving the feature vectors. Moreover, swallow swarm optimization (SSO) based hyperparameter tuning process is carried out for the optimal selection of hyperparameters. Finally, recurrent neural network (RNN) based classification process is done to determine the presence of cervical cancer or not. In order to showcase the improved diagnostic performance of the ODLIM-CCD technique, a series of simulations occur on benchmark test images and the outcomes highlighted the improved performance over the recent approaches with a superior accuracy of 0.9661. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a lead-free ceramic, lanthanum-modified barium titanate (BLT) has attracted significant attention among researchers in recent years due to its interesting ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and insulating behavior, which can be improved by the doping effect. For that, (Ba0.7La0.3) (Ti1−xNix)O3 (where x = 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% or 10%), denoted as BLTNx, were synthesized via the sol-gel process. The effect of the divalent ion Ni2+ on the structural, microstructural and dielectric properties was investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and impedance spectroscopy (IS). Surface morphology analysis is done by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Dielectric properties were determined in the ranges 28°C to 400°C and 1 kHz to 2 MHz. The results showed that a low doping amount of Ni (x < 5%) increases the dielectric constant. The sample with x = 5% exhibited, at 400°C, a relatively high dielectric constant (ɛ′ = 2202), the sample with x = 3% exhibited, at 100°C, low dielectric loss (tan(δ) = 0.009), and high insulating character, indicating a suitable material for multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the speed variance on multilane highways, explored the main associated factors, and developed prediction models to help agencies better set speed limits to reduce speed variance and their associated crashes. Speeds of vehicles were measured for twenty-five multilane highways in Jordan. Data were collected during off-peak hours on sunny days with dry pavement conditions. Results indicated the difference between the design speed and speed limit (DS-SL) is the primary factor that affects speed variance. The minimum speed variance occurs when the DS-SL is 10 km/hr. Speed limits more than 10 km/hr below the design speed increase the speed variance, as road conditions (represented by design speed) tend to control vehicle's speeds rather than speed limits in these cases. Additionally, having more highway lanes decreases speed variance, as does having roadside barriers. This paper provides beneficial information to authorities and policymakers who set speed limits on multilane highways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are indicated for patients with recurrent venous thrombosis despite proper anticoagulation or whenever anticoagulation is contraindicated. IVC filter deployment is an invasive procedure with various complications. One example is IVC filter limb fracture and migration, which is associated with significant morbidity and/or mortality. Extravascular migration toward pancreas may induce pancreatitis. Patients with chronic pancreatitis are known to have an increased risk of pancreatic malignancy. Case Report: We report an extremely rare case of IVC filter fractured limb in 44-year-old woman, which had migrated into the pancreatic tail and manifested as chronic distal pancreatitis. A pancreatic adenocarcinoma was found by biopsy at the pancreas tail. It is likely that a foreign body promoted this metaplasia and neoplastic transformation. Conclusions: Early detection and retrieval of a displaced foreign body in organs, such as the pancreas, seem to be essential to reduce risk of subsequent complications, including chronic inflammation and possibly neoplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Acute mesenteric ischemia has a high mortality rate of 50%–80%. • CT angiography is highly valuable in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. • Patients who present with peritonitis or hemodynamic instability should undergo open surgery. • Endovascular management is increasingly being considered as the main modality of management of AMI in selected cases. • Endovascular management of AMI involves aspiration thrombectomy, thrombolysis, and/or possible angioplasty and stenting. Acute mesenteric ischemia caused by an embolism resulting from atrial fibrillation in a thyrotoxic young male patient is a rare event. Endovascular intervention is increasingly being considered as the primary modality of treatment in selected patients. A 41-years male known to have hyperthyroidism presented with atrial fibrillation, acute mesenteric ischemia, splenic infarction, and left renal infarction. He was successfully managed with endovascular intervention of the superior mesenteric artery. Acute mesenteric ischemia has a high mortality rate. CT angiography is the investigation of choice for diagnosis of the mesenteric vessels occlusion and assessment of bowel ischemia. The clinical presentation guides into the treatment and the choice between open surgery and endovascular intervention as the primary modality of treatment. Thyrotoxicosis is a risky comorbid condition for any procedure to be done, so proper perioperative management is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and management of acute mesenteric ischemia is essential to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates. Endovascular management can be considered as a primary modality of treatment in selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to validate the trip travel time provided by three selected navigation applications, through examining the error in the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) provided. The ETA was compared with the actual travel time measured from 204 selected urban and rural road segments in Jordan. The overall trip travel time accuracy was 70%, 57% and 52% for the Google Maps, Here-WeGo and Waze applications, respectively. Analysis results showed that the three applications' ETA measures vary from the actual trip time with different error levels ranging from minor errors of less than 10% to significant errors of more than 40%. It was found that Google Maps has the most distinguished accuracy, yet the provided information by Google Maps contains a certain amount of error in the ETA. Also, ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant differences between Google Maps and Waze-ETA mean errors, while Here-ETA mean error significantly differs from those of both applications. The significant contribution of this research is the detailed evaluation process of the estimated journey times using field data collected by trained drivers instead of crowdsourcing data. The usage of such applications will attract the attention of individuals, organizations and agencies in different related sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile government services have changed how people and businesses can benefit from government public services at any time and from anyplace. The success of these services is becoming more dependent on satisfying the needs and the expectations of both citizens and business organizations. The current study aims to propose a new integrated conceptual model for examining some important key factors that may affect m-Government acceptance in Jordan from user perspective. It also aims to explore the effect of the following factors: trust in mobile technology, trust in government, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, service quality and user satisfaction on the behavioral intention to use mobile government applications. A survey method was applied through self-administrated questionnaire that were distributed randomly to 500 citizens who have used mobile government services. Empirical tests were conducted to analyze the collected primary data. Results showed that Jordanian citizens intention to use m-Government services increases if they have high level of positive trust toward Internet and the technologies used to access m- Government services. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were the original constructs in Technology Acceptance Model. Failures to reveal the advantages of m-Government services to potential users will most likely result in low rate of satisfaction. Thus, both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were found to have a significant effect on citizen satisfaction. Results indicated the appropriateness of the fundamental elements of Technology Acceptance Model in the Jordanian m-Government context. The higher levels of satisfaction lead to more usage and acceptance of modern mobile service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interchanges are constructed in urban and suburban areas to ease traffic operation. Outer connection ramps constitute a major part of interchanges planning and design. The objective of this study was to estimate interchange ramp capacity and investigate the impacts of ramp geometry on the obtained capacity. To achieve this objective, 20 ramps were selected, including 10 circular ramps and 10 curve-straight-curve ramps. Capacity of ramp proper and ramp exit were investigated in the study. At ramp proper, data on traffic speed and traffic flow were collected at 1 -minute intervals using video camera. Also, traffic data for ramp exit and mainline traffic were obtained under queued traffic condition on the ramp exit. An empirical approach using regression analysis was adopted to estimate capacity of the selected ramps and explore the impact of geometric design and traffic variables that might affect the estimated capacity. For ramp proper, the analyses revealed that the relationship between traffic speed and density is linear and between speed and traffic flow is parabolic irrespective of ramp configuration. For circular ramps, the capacity was found to vary from 1470 to about 2100 pc/hr./lane, and it was found that ramp radius is the most influencing factor in capacity estimation. For curve-straight-curve ramps, the results indicated that the obtained capacity varied from 1490 to 2200 pc/hr./lane, and both the straight segment length and the radius of the first curve are the most influencing factors. Also, it was found that ramp exit capacity is affected by flow and speed of traffic in the mainline street and degree of curvature of ramp exit curve. Finally, it was concluded that the use of curves with large radii at ramp proper and exit would increase ramp capacity, and customization of capacity values to reflect local conditions would provide more realistic estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a condition characterized by compression of the left common iliac vein (LCFV) between the right common iliac artery (RCIA) and the lumbar vertebrae. This anatomical entrapment typically affects young women and is mostly asymptomatic. High index of suspicion is required in cases of recurrent leftsided deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and severe leg pain. We describe a case of MTS in a young male patient with a left-sided superior vena cava (LSSVC) that was successfully managed by an endovascular approach. To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of MTS and LSSVC anomaly has not been reported previously. Case Report: A 31-year-old man presented with a history of left-sided iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and disabling venous claudication of 2 years' duration. Duplex ultrasound and computed tomography venogram (CTV) revealed evidence of MTS with chronic subtotal occlusion of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) with extensive venous collaterals. Venogram via the left femoral vein puncture confirmed the aforementioned findings. Retrograde recanalization of the occluded segment was attempted without success. Therefore, an antegrade approach via the right internal jugular vein was performed to facilitate recanalization. Surprisingly, venography revealed an LSSVC. The occluded CIV was successfully stented and the patient had complete resolution of his symptoms at 22-month follow-up. Conclusions: MTS is a potentially treatable and often-overlooked pathology. In the era of expanded endovascular management of MTS, recognition of this coincidence is essential to prevent unwarranted mishaps during endovascular management when the jugular approach is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research was to develop models to estimate the capacity at parking lot entrances and exits (gates) for different land uses (universities, hospitals, and shopping centers) in Jordan, and to determine the influence of geometric and control factors on their capacities. Continuous queues were recorded at each gate. Also, geometric elements were measured for each gate including; number of lanes, gate width, speed hump height and width, and slope of the gate. Regression analysis was used to develop six gates models. At first, a general model was developed in which the data of all land uses and gate types were included. Then, three models were developed; one model for each land use. Finally, a model for each gate type (entrance or exit) was developed. The analysis indicated that the number of lanes and control method have the major significant effect on gate capacity. University gates have the largest traffic capacities among the three studied land uses. The hospitals gates come in the second place whereas the shopping centers gates come at last. This can be referred to the fact that the users of gates may be different from one land use to another. This research found that exits have more capacity than entrances because usually there is no control on exits, and automatic control could reduce the traffic capacity at entrances due to that more time is needed for checking and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amorphous Co80−xErxB20 alloys with x = 0, 3.9, 5.5 and 8.6% have been prepared by melt spinning in pure argon atmosphere. The electrical resistivity has been measured over the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K. All investigated amorphous alloys exhibit a logarithmic resistivity versus temperature below the temperature of the resistivity minimum Tmin. In addition, the resistivity shows a quadratic temperature behavior in the temperature range Tmin < T < 77 K. At high temperature, the electrical resistivity was discussed by the extended Ziman theory. For the studied alloys, the composition dependence of the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity α shows a change in sign related to a structural short-range that is occurring in the composition range 8–9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]