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Context: The focus of learning and working with professions outside of one's own is the essence of interprofessional education (IPE). Interprofessional education satisfies accreditation standards and is a high-impact teaching practice. Interprofessional education is often studied in nursing, medicine, and pharmacy; however, it has rarely been explored in athletic training. Objective: To determine student perceptions of interprofessional valuing among a unique combination of disciplines. Design: Survey. Setting: Students were seated in interprofessional teams at round tables in a ballroom resembling a professional conference. Patients or Other Participants: Forty prelicensure students participated in the tabletop simulation (athletic training = 12, dietetics = 9, nursing = 19). Of these participants, 36 completed the survey (athletic training = 9, dietetics = 8, nursing = 19). Main Outcome Measure(s): Student teams were given 2 cases and were prompted to discuss and complete accompanying tasks. Debriefing followed each case. Afterward, students were asked to complete the questionnaire. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale-24 (ISVS) was used to assess interprofessional beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Results: The ISVS and factor means were near the top of the survey scale, indicating that students had positive perceptions of interprofessional roles and socialization. All disciplines reported strong beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors towards IPE. No significant differences on the ISVS or subscales were identified among the disciplines or between those with and without previous IPE experience. Analysis of items revealed low scores for athletic training students on being able to share and exchange ideas in a team discussion, an important interprofessional behavior. Conclusions: A combination of factors including newness to IPE, fewer IPE experiences, and unequal ratios of professions represented in each group may explain why athletic training students reported more challenges with sharing and exchanging ideas. Conducting a tabletop IPE events may facilitate the development of interprofessional valuing and socialization.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the skill-related fitness levels of undergraduate kinesiology majors in relation to the general population of college students of the same age, to investigate whether a difference exists between females and males in overall performance, and to examine the relationship between fitness and kinesiology specializations. Undergraduate kinesiology students were assessed using skill-related fitness tests that included scores from power, agility, speed, and balance tests. It was anticipated that undergraduate kinesiology students would possess higher skilled fitness than (or, at a minimum, equal to) the general public; however, the results were ambiguous and also no significant differences were found between female and male performance. Data from this study can serve to update normative population information, to add to the body of knowledge of current fitness levels for this population, and to contribute to the issue of inclusion of fitness standards for kinesiology preprofessionals.

The study was designed to examine the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Two widely adopted EAT models were tested: three-factor (Dieting, Bulimia and Food Preoccupation, and Oral Control) with 26 items (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, 1982), and four-factor (Dieting, Oral Control, Awareness of Food Contents, and Food Preoccupation) with 20 items (Koslowsky et al., 1992). Research participants included two samples of female college students (calibration N = 785, cross-validation N = 298). Maximum Likelihood estimation method was adopted. The fit indexes from the three-factor EAT-26 represented unacceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.11, SRMR = 0.11, CFI = 0.73, AGFI = 0.74). Similarly, the fit indexes from the four-factor EAT-20 model provided a poor fit (RMSEA = 0.09, SRMR = 0.07, CFI = 0.85, AGFI = 0.83); however, after eliminating four items with low factor loadings, the four-factor EAT model with 16 items was found to have an acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.88). The EAT-16 model was then crossvalidated on an independent sample and was found to have acceptable configural and metric invariance as well as internal consistency reliability. (Contains 2 figures and 7 tables.)

Kinesiology students represent a group of aspiring health professionals whose behavioral and anthropometric characteristics may be pertinent to their future clients 'perceptions (e.g., credibility) as well as behavior (e.g., modeling). The purpose of this study was to investigate health-relatedfitness (HRF) of undergraduate Kinesiology students relative to contemporary' recommended guidelines set by the American College of Sports Medicine. Undergraduate Kinesiology students (n = 98 women and 129 men) completed 5 HRF tests covering 4 areas of fitness. One-sample t-tests were used to compare Kinesiology students' HRF scores to age-adjusted, gender-specific criterion standards reflecting fair or average values. Both women and men performed significantly better than recommended standards in terms of flexibility' and muscular endurance, but were found to have significantly poorer body composition. In terms of cardiorespiratory endurance, men performed below average, while women managed to meet the recommended standard. Results suggest undergraduate Kinesiology students could improve their HRF in order to optimize health and professional benefits., Overweight and obesity is a nation-wide epidemic associated with a variety of serious health implications that are consistent across all sociodemographic groups (Wang & Beydoun, 2007). Recent data indicate that [...]

Discusses the results of a study regarding the occurrence of high-risk behaviors despite large expenditures of money on HIV/AIDS education in the U.S. Application of the analysis of variance to determine the subjects' differences in knowledge and behavior; Difference between the risk behavior of males and females; Effect of increased knowledge of the disease on the behavior of the participants in the study.

Mood State, Energy Drink, Bench Press, Posttest Score, Energy Supplement Further examination of posttest main effects revealed a significant difference between pre and posttest scores on the Dynavision™ reaction test for both the placebo, t(8) = -3.12, I p i <= 0.01, and the treatment I t i (9) = -2.92, I p i <= 0.05. Keywords: Mood State; Energy Drink; Bench Press; Posttest Score; Energy Supplement EN Mood State Energy Drink Bench Press Posttest Score Energy Supplement 1 2 2 04/05/22 20131202 NES 131202 Background Consumption of caffeine-containing liquid energy supplements has increased dramatically over the past several years. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this study was to investigate how listening to music while running affects performance and perceived exertion of college students. Twenty-eight undergraduate kinesiology students (17 males, 11 females; age = 22.9 ± 5.9 yrs) were studied to determine if running performance and rating of perceived exertion were affected by listening to music. Running performance (RP) was measured by a 1.5-mile run. Two trials were performed, the first was a running performance without music listening (RPWOML = 12.94 ± 3.35 min) and the second trial was a running performance while music listening (RPWML = 12.50 ± 2.48 min). The second trial was measured five days post the initial trial. Listening to music (music listening) was defined as the subject's self selection of music tracks and use of a personal digital audio player (e.g. IPod, MP3) during exercise. Perceived exertion without music listening (PEWOML = 14.7 ± 1.3) and perceived exertion with music listening (PEWML = 15.2 ± 2.4) was measured by the Borg 6 to 20 RPE scale. Data analysis was performed on the raw data by utilizing dependent t-tests to calculate and compare sample means. Statistical analyses determined a significant difference (p < .05) between running performance without music listening (RPWOML = 12.94 ± 3.35 min) and running performance with music listening (RPWML = 12.50 ± 2.48 min). However, no significant difference (p < .05) was determined between perceived exertion without music listening (PEWOML = 14.7 ± 1.3) and perceived exertion with music listening (PEWML = 15.2 ± 2.4) as measured by the Borg 6 to 20 RPE scale. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that music listening has a significant effect on running performance during a maximal 1.5-mile run. However, music listening had no significant effect on rating of perceived exertion at this distance. Based on the results of this study it is recommended that coaches, athletes, and traditional exercisers consider listening to music during training to enhance performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-exercise, high energy supplements are frequently consumed as a method of improving exercise performance during an acute bout of exercise. Keywords: Placebo; Caffeine; Fatigue Test; Injury Prevention; Exercise Bout EN Placebo Caffeine Fatigue Test Injury Prevention Exercise Bout 1 1 1 05/10/22 20111202 NES 111202 Background Muscular endurance of the trunk is associated with successful performance in athletics, as well as activities of daily living. Placebo, Caffeine, Injury Prevention, Exercise Bout, Fatigue Test. [Extracted from the article]

As the economy continues to decline, sport managers realize that discretionary spending is limited. As such, sport managers are giving more consideration to price strategies within their own marketing mix as well as their comparison to other sport teams. The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional pricing investigation of individual teams by region within a Class-AAA and Class-AA league from the minor league baseball system. Data were obtained for ticket prices and fees from baseball team websites and phone interviews. Multivariate analysis of variance was examined for both Double-A and Triple-A leagues divided into regions. This study found no significant F (1,6) = .09, p = .77 differences for the highest ticket prices, F (1,6) = .09, p = .78, or the lowest ticket prices, and F (1,6) = .07, p = .80 for the groups within the Double-A Affiliate Texas League. However, a significance F (2,13) = 8.08, p = .00 was found in lowest ticket price within the Triple-A Affiliate Pacific Coast League, unlike highest ticket prices and fees which were not measurably different. Most minor league sport managers could consider this advantageous for promoting their entertainment as a good economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between speed and agility of professional arena league football players. Speed was determined by 40 yard dash times and agility by 20 yard shuttle times. One hundred and twenty three male subjects, ranging in age from 20 to 31 years, participated in this study. All subjects had a minimum of two years professional football playing experience in an Arena Football League or higher level of competition. All subjects were tested for speed by the 40 yard dash and agility the by the 20 yard shuttle. Additional data collection included height (HT) and weight (WT). All tests were performed in one testing session in an indoor facility on artificial turf. Each test was administered by two timers with hand held stop watches. The best of two trials were recorded to the nearest hundredth second. Subjects were divided into four groups based on playing position: quarterbacks (n = 8, HT = 73.2 ± 1.9 in., WT = 222.25 ± 12.8 lbs.), fullbacks and linebackers (n = 17, HT = 72.2 ± 1.8 in., WT = 252 ± 26.8 lbs.), offensive and defensive linemen (n = 34, HT = 74.9 ± 1.15 in., WT = 311.6 ± 28.5 lbs.), and wide receivers and defensive backs (n = 64, HT = 71 ± 2.2 in., WT = 191.7 ± 15.8 lbs.). Speed times (S) by playing position were as follows: quarterbacks (S = 4.90 ± .10), fullbacks and linebackers (S = 5.54 ± .06), linemen (S = 5.92 ± .32), wide receivers and defensive backs (S = 4.67 ± .20). Agility times (A) by playing position were as follows: quarterbacks (A = 4.52 ± .15), fullbacks and linebackers (A = 4.64 ± .26), linemen (A = 5.04 ± .34), wide receivers and defensive backs (A = 4.4 ± .21). Data analysis was performed on the raw data by utilizing Pearson's r correlation coefficients to determine the relationship between speed and agility among their respective positions. Statistical analyses (p < .05) indicated significant relationships between speed and agility for all positions: quarterbacks (r = .66), fullbacks and linebackers (r = .48), offensive and defensive linemen (r = .60), and wide receivers and defensive backs (r = .48). The results of this study indicate a significant relationship between speed and agility of professional arena league football players. Since a causal relationship cannot be assumed for speed and agility, it is suggested that coaches, players, and trainers include drills specifically designed to improve speed as well as drills that enhance agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the relationship between static strength, rotational strength, rotational power, bat speed and batted-ball velocity of NCAA Division I baseball players. Thirty-three NCAA Division I male baseball players (age 20.36 +/- 1.41 yrs.) were studied to determine static strength, rotational strength, rotational power, bat speed, and batted-ball velocity. Static strength (SS = 68.4 +/- 12.83 lb.) was measured by a cable tensiometer at the contact point (bat and ball) in a static hitting position. The maximum of three trials was recorded. Rotational strength (RS = 194.39 +/- 21.46 lbs.) was measured by a 1RM on a Cybex Torso Rotational Machine. Rotational power (RP = 21.09 +/- 1.11 mph) was measured by a Stalker Pro digital sports radar gun during a rotational medicine ball toss using a 3 kg medicine ball. Bat speed (BS = 84.4 mph +/- 5.87 mph) was measured with the ATEC 2000® Bat Speed Chronograph by recording the maximum result of five swings on a batting tee. Batted-ball velocity (BBV = 82.00 +/- 5.28 mph) was measured with the Stalker Pro digital sports radar gun by recording the maximum velocity of five batted balls from a batting tee. Height (HT = 72.19 +/- 2.66 in.) was measured to the nearest half-inch and body weight (BW = 201.88 +/- 27.41 lb.) to the nearest pound. The three-site skin fold test was used to determine percent body fat (%BF = 12.89 +/- 3.94) and lean body mass (LBM = 173.2 +/- 21.1 lb.). Data analysis was performed on the raw data by utilizing a correlation matrix to calculate correlation coefficients for all variables. Statistical analyses (p < .05) indicated moderate to high positive relationships between static strength and bat speed (r = .58) and static strength and batted-ball velocity (r = .62). Additional moderate positive relationships existed for rotational strength and bat speed (r = .41), rotational strength and batted-ball velocity speed (r = .43), rotational power and bat speed (r = .36), and rotational power and batted-ball velocity (r = .43). The results of this study indicate that a significant relationship existed among static strength, rotational strength, rotational power, bat speed and batted-ball velocity. Baseball coaches, players, and trainers should consider the relationship of static strength, rotational strength, and rotational power, when training for bat speed and batted-ball velocity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This study was funded by a grant from the Center for Educational Development, Evaluation, and Research (CEDER) at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was two-fold; 1) to investigate the effects of shoulder girdle dynamics, reach, and scapular elevation on vertical jump performance and 2) to investigate why measurements of vertical jump in Kinesiology students ascertained from a traditional vertical jumping apparatus (VVJ) are significantly different from those measurements taken from an electronic vertical jump mat (MVJ). A recent class sample of 50 students revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between vertical jumps performed with a traditional vertical jump apparatus (54.4 ± 12.6 cm) and the electronic jump mat (50.9 ± 11.8 cm). In this sample the MVJ measurement was significantly lower than that of the traditional apparatus. Twenty volunteers, 10 women and 10 men, aged 24.1 ± 5.5 years were tested. All subjects were Kinesiology students at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. Population demographics for women were as follows: height: 163.8 ± 5.3 cm, weight: 63.2 ± 5.5 kg, body fat: 23.3 ± 5.9% and BMI: 23.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2. Population demographics for men were as follows: height: 175.1 ± 5.5 cm, weight: 83.8 ± 13.9 kg, body fat: 16.8 ± 5.3% and BMI: 27.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2. All testing occurred in two sessions, one week apart, and in randomized order. One session consisted of three jump trials utilizing the MVJ only (49.9 ± 10.8 cm), the second session consisted of three jump trials that utilized the VVJ only. Shoulder girdle measurements were taken during both sessions. These measurements consisted of reach height at shoulder extension (RHSE) (214.3 ± 10.6 cm), reach height at maximal scapular elevation after shoulder extension (MRH) (222.8 ± 4.3 cm), scapular rotation (SR), and shoulder elevation displacement (SD). Vertical jumps using the traditional vertical jumping apparatus were calculated using both the RHSE (54.7 ± 13.7 cm) and MRH (44.9 ± 10.9 cm). A one-way RM ANOVA with a pair-wise comparison post-hoc, utilizing a Bonferonni adjustment was used to analyze differences between jump heights. A Pearson's r correlation was utilized to analyze relationships between all data. Significance for all statistics was accepted at p < 0.05. All three jump styles were significantly different when comparing the MVJ and VVJ/MRH (p = 0.00), MVJ and VVJ/RHSE (p = 0.016), and VVJ/RHSE and VVJ/MRH (p = 0.00). There was a significant difference in reach between RHSE and MRH (p = 0.00). The average difference in reach was 8.5 ± 7.3 cm. There were no significant correlations between any jump and shoulder girdle measurements. However, there was a significant, moderate correlation (r = 0.49) between reach difference and shoulder elevation displacement. Results suggest that not properly measuring reach when using a traditional vertical jump apparatus will incorrectly inflate measurements on this apparatus. Properly measuring reach will correctly decrease the appearance of vertical jump measurements. Traditional vertical jumping requires maximal reaching and jumping. Proper reach measurements and performance using maximal reach must be used. Furthermore, the MVJ measurement remains significantly different from the properly measured VVJ with MRH. Our results suggest that the significantly lower MVJ measurements, as compared to the traditional apparatus in the above mentioned class sample, are likely due, in part, to reach measurement errors. It is vital that proper attention be given to protocol when performing vertical jumps using a traditional vertical jump apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect listening of music has on running performance and rating of perceived exertion of college students. Twenty-eight undergraduate kinesiology students (17 males, 11 females; age = 22.9 +/-5.9 yrs) were studied to determine if running performance and rating of perceived exertion were affected by listening to music. Running performance (RP) was measured by a 1.5mile run. Two trials were performed, the first was a running performance without music listening (RPWOML = 12.94 +/-3.35 min) and the second trial was a running performance while music listening (RPWML = 12.50+/-2.48 min). The second trial was measured five days post the initial trial. Listening to music (music listening) was defined as the subject's self selection of music tracks and use of a personal digital audio player (eg., Ipod and MP3) during exercise. Perceived exertion without music listening (PE-WOML = 14.7+/-1.3) and perceived exertion with music listening (PEWML = 15.2+/-2.4) was measured by the Borg 6 to 20 RPE scale. Data analysis was performed on the raw data by utilizing dependent t-tests to calculate and compare sample means. Statistical analyses determined a significant difference (p < .05) between running performance without music listening (RPWOML = 12.94+/-3.35 min) and running performance with music listening (RPWML = 12.50 +/-2.48 min). However, no significant difference (p < .05) was determined between perceived exertion without music listening (PEWOML = 14.7+/-1.3) and perceived exertion with music listening (PEWML = 15.2 +/-2.4) as measured by the Borg 6 to 20 RPE scale. The results of this study indicate that music listening has a significant effect on running performance during a maximal 1.5 mile run. However, music listening had no significant effect on rating of perceived exertion during a maximal 1.5 mile run. Coaches, athletes, and traditional exercisers should consider music listening to enhance aerobic running performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]