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Objectives: The use of plastination can minimize health risks and cost in anatomy laboratories. Plastinates are easy to handle and can facilitate the learning of complex anatomical structures. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of plastinates to teaching complex anatomy of the heart. Methods: Standard S10 technique was used for heart plastination by fixation, dehydration, impregnation and curing stages. Ninety volunteer first-year medicine students at Akdeniz University, who did not take cardiovascular system anatomy lectures yet, were included. Formalin-fixed heart specimens were used in the lecture of group 1; both formalin-fixed heart specimens and heart plastinates were used in the lecture of group 2. After the lecture, a 10-question exam was administered. Statistical significance between the scores of the two groups was tested with one sample t-test, and post hoc Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. Results: The pre-test scores of the groups were compared with the scores obtained after the 2 hours of lecture (p=0.002, p<0.05). The test scores of both groups increased significantly after the lecture (p<0.05). The post-test scores of group 2 were significantly higher than group 1 (p= 0.047, p<0.05). The average test scores of those trained with formalin-fixed specimens increased from 23.78±1.94 to 48.22±3.19 (p<0.05). Students gave positive feedback about heart plastinates, and they stated that their rising interest in the anatomy lecture due to the odourless, disinfected and reusable materials. Conclusion: In conclusion, besides being cost-effective, healthy, long lasting and easy to maintain materials, plastinates are useful tools to teach complex anatomical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Continuing medical education practices are activities that ensure the continuity of medical education. The aim of these activities is to improve the knowledge and skills of medical doctors for better health care for patients and community. The purpose of this study was to present the feedback received from the participants in the first clinical education and research unit in Turkey in workshops held between 2008-2020. Methods: Medical students, and specialist physicians in continuing medical education attended the workshops. Knee, shoulder and hip arthroscopical procedures, surgeries related with temporomandibular joint, peripheral nerve dissection, ear surgery, nail surgery and cadaver aesthetic application techniques were some of the organized courses. Feedbacks regarding the anatomy unit were received from the participants and instructors at the end of the courses, regarding the education period of 2008-2020. A total of 443 participants and 97 instructors filled the questionnaire. Results: 79.2% of the participants who filled out the questionnaire had very positive expectations prior to the course; the rate of expectations met was 97.4% at the end of the course. The ratio of satisfied participants was 88.3%. Among the instructors, the level of positive expectations prior to the training was 83.5%, and the rate of expectations met was 97.5% following the end of the course. The rate of satisfaction from the quality of the training was 91.8%. Conclusion: The Clinical Anatomy Training and Research Unit in Akdeniz University School of Medicine was assessed as of highly beneficial for both undergraduate medical students and specialist physicians in continuing medical education. The majority of the participants were satisfied with the applications, quality of training, and available resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: FK506 is an effective immunosuppressive drug for treating graft rejection in transplants patients. However, the neuroregenerative effect of FK506 has been well described in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FK506 in alpha motor neurons after primary and delayed repair of sciatic nerve. Methods: Rats (n=72) were divided into 6 groups. Control, sham-operated, primary repair FK506 (-), primary repair FK506 (+), delayed repair FK506 (-), and delayed repair FK506 (+) groups. Results: After injury, the normal structure of the motor neuron perikarya was maintained by primary repair in the FK506 (+) group. In the delayed repair group, beneficial effect of FK506 was found to be less effective. The SFI value reached -50 recovery level in the FK506-treated group earlier than those of not FK506-treated groups. Conclusion: Beneficial effect of FK506 has been approved by functional and ultrastructural data in both of primary and delayed repair groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effects of melatonin and cortistatin on the damage caused by cellulosic thinner in the rat nucleus accumbens due to chronic inhalation at the biochemical and histological level. Methods: Research ventilation was done in special glass cages at constant temperature and pressure. In our study, 50 young male Wistar rats of Rattus norvegicus species weighing approximately 400-45 g were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Groups; control group, thinner group, thinner and cortistatin group, thinner and melatonin group, and thinner, melatonin and vitamin C group. There were 10 rats in each group and the rats were exposed to thinner inhalation in glass cages with air ventilation for 1 hour, 2 times a day for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and tissue and blood analysis was performed. Results: The first clinical manifestations of rats exposed to thinner inhalation were observed as subjects lying on top of each other, trying to hide their faces, and a tendency to flee to the corners of the glass cage. As the thinner application time increased, excessive licking, frequent blinking, drooling, shortness of breath, and inability to balance were observed in rats. On the eighth day of thinner inhalation, yellowing of body hair occurred in the subjects. It was determined that this yellowing continued throughout the entire experiment. We found that the body weights of the rats who inhaled thinner were significantly decreased compared to the rats who did not inhale the thinner (p<0.05). The histology of the nucleus accumbens tissue taken at the end of the experiment is as follows: In hematoxylin-eosin staining; The cells in the nucleus accumbens in the control group were compared with the cells of the thinner inhaled, thinner + cortistatin, thinner + melatonin and thinner + cortistatin + melatonin group. Biochemical analysis; Catalase Enzyme Activity, Glutathione Peroxidase Enzyme Activity Detection, Superoxide Dismutase Activity Detection were performed. Blood was taken from the aorto abdominalis of the subjects and liver enzyme activity determination was made ALT, AST, GGT and LDH. Conclusion: After thinner inhalation, damage occurred in the nucleus accumbens, and it was determined that the application of melatonin and cortistatin was preventive at the biochemical and histological level against this damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the site of pudendal nerve compression and the relation between traction force and abduction angle regarding pressure levels at setup for hip arthroscopy.Methods: A total of 17 hips from 9 fresh-frozen cadavers (6 male and 3 female cadavers) were used. The pudendal nerves were dissected, and 3 FlexiForce force sensors (Tekscan, Boston, MA) were implanted on the pudendal nerve where the inferior rectal nerve, perineal nerve, and dorsal nerve of the clitoris/penis emerge. A custom-made traction table in a supine position was used with a padded perineal post of 9 cm. Recordings were made at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg of traction at varying hip abduction angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°.Results: The tuber ischiadicum (perineal nerve) and genital region (dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris) had statistically higher pressure values when compared with the pudendal canal (inferior rectal nerve) (P < .05). There was a significant increase in forces acting on the pudendal nerve with increasing application of 0 to 40 kg of traction in steps of 10 kg, with the exception of the pudendal canal sensor and reading of the perineal nerve sensor at 45° of hip abduction (P < .004 with Bonferroni correction for significant values). On the contrary, hip abduction angle had no statistically significant effect on pudendal nerve compression. (All specific P values with Bonferroni correction were greater than .003.)Conclusions: To avoid nerve palsy completely, the etiopathogenesis of compressive neuropathy should be identified. The location for compression and relation between different traction positions and forces are clarified in this study. This information can be used for further research and prevention.Clinical Relevance: This study adds objective data on the etiopathogenesis of pudendal nerve compression, which potentially contributes to prevention of pudendal nerve palsy as a common complication of hip arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the site of pudendal nerve compression and the relation between traction force and abduction angle regarding pressure levels at setup for hip arthroscopy., Methods: A total of 17 hips from 9 fresh-frozen cadavers (6 male and 3 female cadavers) were used. The pudendal nerves were dissected, and 3 FlexiForce force sensors (Tekscan, Boston, MA) were implanted on the pudendal nerve where the inferior rectal nerve, perineal nerve, and dorsal nerve of the clitoris/penis emerge. A custom-made traction table in a supine position was used with a padded perineal post of 9 cm. Recordings were made at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg of traction at varying hip abduction angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°., Results: The tuber ischiadicum (perineal nerve) and genital region (dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris) had statistically higher pressure values when compared with the pudendal canal (inferior rectal nerve) (P < .05). There was a significant increase in forces acting on the pudendal nerve with increasing application of 0 to 40 kg of traction in steps of 10 kg, with the exception of the pudendal canal sensor and reading of the perineal nerve sensor at 45° of hip abduction (P < .004 with Bonferroni correction for significant values). On the contrary, hip abduction angle had no statistically significant effect on pudendal nerve compression. (All specific P values with Bonferroni correction were greater than .003.), Conclusions: To avoid nerve palsy completely, the etiopathogenesis of compressive neuropathy should be identified. The location for compression and relation between different traction positions and forces are clarified in this study. This information can be used for further research and prevention., Clinical Relevance: This study adds objective data on the etiopathogenesis of pudendal nerve compression, which potentially contributes to prevention of pudendal nerve palsy as a common complication of hip arthroscopy., (Copyright © 2015 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)