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Original in Farsi, zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2013. - ISBN 978-3-7983-2460-2, zweite veränderte Auflage des ersten Bandes der Reihe This is the first volume of the Young Cities Research Paper series presenting the scientific results of the mutual Iranian-German research Project Young Cities – Urban Energy Efficiency. Developing Energy-Efficient Urban Fabric in the Tehran-Karaj Region. The Project is funded for the German side by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research bmbf. From the Iranian side, the Building and Housing Research Center bhrc and the New Towns Development Corporation ntdc as the main Project Partners are both affiliated to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development mhud. The Young Cities Research Paper series shall disseminate the scientific results gained from project. The first volume is published on occasion of the completion of the first of the Pilot Project, i. e. the New Quality Pilot project building in Hashtgerd New Tow. Hashtgerd New Town, 70 km to the west of Tehran and 35 km to the west of Karaj forms the spatial focus of the Young Cities project. It is the place of intervention and for testing and trying the solutions and concepts developed for energy-efficient and sustainable urban design and planning, infrastructure provision, and object planning by the Iranian and German partners. The solutions shall, however, be applicable and transferable to other places in the Tehran-Karaj region as well as in Iran and in the Middle East North Africa region mena. The Young cities Project belongs to a worldwide “family” of ten research projects that are funded by the German bmbf and dedicated to the question of energy efficient urban development in future megacities. The other projects of this family are located in India, China, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa and Peru. The basic idea and commitment of this German research program is to produce research results useful for growing megacities. This research has to be done not on but for the growing megacities concerned and together with partners in these regions. In the case of the Young Cities project this led to an intensive and constructive cooperation between TU Berlin and the Iranian partners conducted by bhrc. The Research Paper series is intended to present the scientific results from the Young Cities project, while the consulting products including guidelines, software tools, instruments etc. are assembled after application and testing in a real project in Hashtgerd New Town and evaluation in a successively enlarged Manual. Since this first volume of the Young Cities Research Paper presents the overall Young Cities project in Farsi for the first time, focus is only partly laid on the results but also on its outline and objectives and only gives a glimpse into the first accomplishments and results. The present first volume of the Young Cities Research Paper series is to introduce the overall Young Cities Project with its accomplishments up to June 2010. It is divided into four main parts on the background of the project, its objectives and methodological approach, the results and accomplishments reached so far, and an outlook on the future progress of the project. The accomplishments form the main part and the focus of the volume. However, as the first volume, the Young Cities Project is also introduced with respect to some background information and primarily to its objectives and methodology forming the introduction into the whole series. 2

Zugleich gedruckt veröffentlicht im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter der ISBN 978-3-7983-2451-0. This report presents the major accomplishments of the ‘Shahre Javan Community’ pilot project as the main pilot project of the German-Iranian Young Cities research project,. ‘Shahre Javan’ is Farsi and stands for ‘Young City’. The pilot project uses an integrated planning and research process to explore aspects of energy and resource efficiency, climate and environmentally conscious solutions for urban form, architecture, landscape planning, transportation planning, water and energy management, and environmental assessment. It is about the upgraded Iranian detailed plan (‘Tarh-e Tafsili’) for a nearly 45 ha large pilot project area in the southern part of the Hashtgerd New Town, Iran. It includes innovations derived during the strategically integrative urban development and research process, in an effort to reach more climate responsive and more sustainable urban development. Thus, several of the presented solutions go above and beyond the standard content of an Iranian detailed plan. Hence, this publication does not present the or an approved formal Iranian detailed plan. Rather, it combines a reflection of research background, approach, and process with a kind of a hybrid detailed plan report which includes common Iranian detailed plan contents and new and innovative elements as well as research findings going beyond the detailed plan scale and content. Printed Version published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin (www.univerlag.tu-berlin.de), ISBN 978-3-7983-2451-0

This is the second volume of the Young Cities Research Papers series presenting the scientific results from the mutual Iranian-German research project “Young Cities—Urban Energy Efficiency. Developing Energy- Efficient Urban Fabric in the Tehran-Karaj Region”. The project is funded for the German side by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF. From the Iranian side, the Building and Housing Research Center BHRC and the New Towns Development Corporation NTDC as the main project partners are both affiliated to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development MHUD. The Young Cities Research Papers shall disseminate the scientific results gained from the Young Cities project and the related PhD, post doctoral and senior expert research. The first two volumes are published following the completion of the first of the overall project’s pilot project, i.e. the New Quality pilot project buildings in Hashtgerd New Town. Hashtgerd New Town, 65 km to the west of Tehran and 30 km to the west of Karaj in the Alborz Province in Iran, forms the spatial focus of the Young Cities project. It is the place of intervention and for testing and trying the solutions and concepts developed for energy-efficient and sustainable urban design and planning, infrastructure provision, and object planning by the Iranian and German project partners. The solutions and concepts shall, however, be applicable and transferable to other places in the Tehran-Karaj region as well as in Iran and in the Middle East North Africa region MENA. The New Quality buildings as the first of the pilot projects to be completed are residential buildings. It was planned jointly by the Iranian and German partners from a typical Iranian residential building scheme widely to be found in the region’s new settlements and New Towns and adapted by small scale interventions for economical improvements regarding building quality, construction layout, and energy-efficiency. The pilot project has been erected by the Housing Investment Company hic, Tehran, under supervision of BHRC and TU Berlin including an on-site vocational training workshop for construction site staff aiming at improved building quality and use of the new materials and construction technologies introduced. The erection of the New Quality pilot project, now, is completed. The pilot project, however, goes on by the seamless start of monitoring of the buildings performance during use regarding energy consumption, water consumption and building quality. The results from the monitoring will be fed into the development of the other pilot projects, into the tested and tried concepts and solutions to be presented and disseminated as the project’s output, and into the project evaluation assessing the effects from the project. The present second volume is to introduce the overall Young Cities project with its accomplishments up to August 2010. It is divided into four main parts on the background of the project, its objectives and methodological approach, the results and accomplishments reached so far, and an outlook on the future progress of the project. The accomplishments form the main part and the focus of the volume since the series is devoted primarily to the results from the project. However, as the first volume in English language, the Young Cities project is also introduced with respect to some background information and primarily to its objectives and methodology forming the introduction into the whole series as is the first volume for Farsi language readers. Printed Version published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin (www.univerlag.tu-berlin.de), ISBN 978-3-7983-2387-2

The indoor temperature and humidity conditions of the building envelope are important parameters for the evaluation of the thermal and hygric indoor comfort. In the research project GENSIM a new hygrothermal building library, based on the object- and equation-oriented model description language Modelica® has been developed by the Fraunhofer Institutes IBP and FIRST. This library includes many models as for instance a hygrothermal wall model, an air volume model, a zone model, a window model and an environment model. Due to the object-oriented modelling approach, some models of this library can be configured to complex hygrothermal room model, which can predict the time dependent indoor temperature and humidity conditions in a building construction. In this paper we will introduce in a first step the object-oriented hygrothermal room model of this library. In a second step, the validation of the room model with some field experiments will be shown. In a third step we will present some simulation results, we obtained by coupling the room model with an implemented Predicted-Mean-Vote (PMV) control ventilation system to predict and to ensure a thermal and hygric indoor comfort in one case study. In the conclusion, the possible range of future applications of this new hygrothermal building physics library and demands for further research are indicated

The cogeneration of power and water in large concentrating solar power (CSP) plants with thermal storage can have significant energetic and economic benefits to supply regions with high direct irradiation and good seawater access. Due to increasing water scarcity, the Middle-East North-Africa (MENA) region has a high demand of desalinated water and a strongly increasing energy demand which cannot be completely covered using fossil fuels. In the first six chapters of the thesis, a combined approach of power generation by a solar tower plant and a thermal seawater desalination unit is examined in detail. In order to perform the analysis, the most commercialized and demonstrated technologies are derived from literature and modeled for an integrated simulation. The applied thermal desalination technology bases on a new process using an improved internal heat transfer which has been extensively tested. The obtained data have been used to derive a simulation to integrate the desalination unit as power plant condenser. The results of the energy analysis are presented by different parameter variations of boundary conditions in order to examine the most important design factors. The exergy analysis points out thermodynamic ineffciencies in certain components of the CSP plant, the heat exchangers of the desalination unit and the power plant condenser. The economic analysis focuses on capital and operational expenditures as well as the derivation of optimal cogeneration ratios based on different product prices. All simulations are carried out using real meteorological measurement data by a weather station in El Gouna, Egypt. The obtained meteorological data are compared to literature and satellite data obtained by yearly observations. In the last chapter, the simulated cogeneration system is then used to build a real demand scenario of El Gouna. The scenario is developed in order to optimize the share of renewable energy supply. This requires the integration of a photovoltaic and a wind power plant to complement the renewable power generation. The analysis shows that the integrated energy supply system covers up to 71 % of the annual energy at around 17 ¢/kWh and up to 31 % of the yearly water demand. In addition, a new process for a short-term storage of surplus power is proposed and analyzed. The surplus power is converted into heat and stored in the thermal storage system of the CSP plant which results in an extended operation time and increased capacity factor. Die Kraft-Wärme Kopplung eines großen Solarkraftwerks (CSP) mit thermischer Meerwasserentsalzung kann für die gemeinsame Erzeugung von Strom und Wasser für die Versorgung von Regionen mit hoher solarer Direktstrahlung und Meerwasserzugang erhebliche energetische und ökonomische Vorteile bieten. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Wasserknappheit und eines stark steigenden Energiebedarfs in der Middle-East North-Africa (MENA) Region muss Trinkwasser meistens aufwendig entsalzt werden, wobei die nötige Energie in Zukunft kaum noch aus fossilen Quellen gedeckt werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die gemeinsame Erzeugung von Strom und Wasser mittels eines Solarturmkraftwerks mit thermischen Speicher und einer neuartigen thermischen Meerwasserentsalzung detailliert analysiert. Dazu wurde in einer Literaturrecherche die effzientesten Verfahren ausgewählt und in einer Simulation integriert. Die thermische Meerwasserentsalzung nutzt einen verbesserten Prozess zur Steigerung der internen Wärmeübertragung und wurde als Kondensator des Kraftwerks in die Simulation integriert. Die Modellierung der Entsalzungsanlage wurde basierend auf den Messdaten an einer Demonstrationsanlage erarbeitet. In einer Energie- und Exergieanalyse wurden die wichtigsten Einflussgrößen auf das System mittels Parametervariation untersucht und diskutiert. Die Exergieanalyse verdeutlicht thermodynamische Ineffzienzen, die im Solarfeld, den Wärmetauschern der Meerwasserentsalzung und im Kraftwerkskondensator am größten sind. Die ökonomische Analyse beschreibt die Investitionskosten und leitet daraus ein optimales Kraft-Wärme Kopplungsverhältnis für die Strom- und Wasserproduktion in Abhängigkeit der Strompreise ab. Alle Simulationen basieren auf realen Messdaten einer meteorologischen Station in El Gouna, Ägypten, die mit Literatur- und Satellitendaten verifiziert wurden. In dem letzten Kapitel wird das modellierte System in ein reales Verbrauchszenario der Stadt El Gouna gesetzt und hinsichtlich der Deckung von Strom- und Wasserbedarf analysiert. Dazu werden zusätzliche Modelle für die Stromerzeugung aus PV und Windkraftanlagen erarbeitet. Das integrierte Energiesystem deckt bis zu 71 % des jährlichen Energiebedarfs für ca. 17 ¢/kWh und bis zu 31 % des Wasserbedarfs. Außerdem wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen und analysiert, mit dem Überschussstrom kurzzeitig in dem thermischen Speicher des CSP Kraftwerks gespeichert wird, um die Laufzeit des Kraftwerks zu verlängern.