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Summary: Background: Haemodynamic changes occur in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Developing imaging techniques allowing the in vivo visualisation and quantification of cerebral blood flow would help better understand the underlying mechanism of these cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: 3D ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) is a recently developed technology that can map the microvasculature of the brain at large depth and has been mainly used until now in rodents. In this study, we tested the feasibility of 3D ULM of the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain with a single 256-channel programmable ultrasound scanner. Findings: We achieved a highly resolved vascular map of the macaque brain at large depth (down to 3 cm) in presence of craniotomy and durectomy using an 8-MHz multiplexed matrix probe. We were able to distinguish vessels as small as 26.9 μm. We also demonstrated that transcranial imaging of the macaque brain at similar depth was feasible using a 3-MHz probe and achieved a resolution of 60 μm. Interpretation: This work paves the way to clinical applications of 3D ULM. In particular, transcranial 3D ULM in humans could become a tool for the non-invasive study and monitoring of the brain cerebrovascular changes occurring in neurological diseases. Funding: This work was supported by the New Frontier in Research Fund (NFRFE-2022-00590), by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under grant 38095, by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under discovery grant RGPIN-2020-06786, by Brain Canada under grant PSG2019, and by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) under grant PJT-156047 and MPI-452530. Computing support was provided by the Digital Research Alliance of Canada.

In this study, we determine the chemical composition, bioactive compounds profile, antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic potential of two cactus fruits. Pilosocereus gounellei had the highest contents of ash (6.84%), lipid (7.79%), maltose (1.02 mg g−1), soluble fiber (10.85%) and minerals such as Mg. Thirteen volatile compounds (alcohols, terpenes, aldehydes and esters) were found in the fruits. Although higher amounts of quinic acid and quercetrin were found in Cereus Jamacaru, Pilosocereus gounellei had a higher content of p-coumaric acid and rutin. Regarding the functional potential, Cereus Jamacaru had the highest content of total phenolics (65.17 GAE g−1), total flavonoids (26.06 mg EC g−1), antioxidant capacity (28.67; 49.86; 158.79 µM TE g−1 for DPPH, ABTS and ORAC, respectively) and highest inhibition for α-amylase (84.84 ± 0.41%) and protein glycation. In view of their nutritional and bioactive characteristics, these species have great potential to be used in preparations with functional claims.

IntroductionHuman alveolar echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis is an important zoonotic disease in the northern hemisphere. The life cycle of E. multilocularis is maintained primarily in wild animals and requires an intermediate host (mainly small mammals). Human can become an intermediate host through accidental ingestion of E. multilocularis eggs. Hokkaido Prefecture is the only area of Japan in which human alveolar echinococcosis is endemic. The purposes of this study were to elucidate the land use ecological factors associated with the density of red fox feces along paved roads and the relationship between the distributions of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations and fox feces, which determine the level of hazard from eggs.MethodsA series of surveys was conducted in the central part of the Nemuro Peninsula of Hokkaido, excluding urban areas, over a total of 4 years in May–June in 2014 and 2016–2018 when red foxes remain with their cubs around the dens. Transects of 500 m were set up on paved roads, and feces within the transects were counted. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to examine ecological factors including the principal components (PCs) of five land use–type occupancy proportions within 500 m and 1 km, respectively, as explanatory fixed-effect variables. The number of feces in each transect was examined as the response variable using integrated nested Laplace approximation with negative binomial errors with a spatio-temporal autocorrelations structure to separate the effects of similarities of neighboring locations and annual variation. The multivariable models with the lowest widely applicable information criterion values were selected.ResultsThe feces density was explained by the PC of the 500- m buffer (−0.27, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles: −0.44, −0.10) characterized by mixed forests (−0.82) and scarcity of residential areas (0.29) and the proximity to the nearest livestock farm house (−0.35, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles: −0.53, −0.17). This suggested that foxes defecate in the areas where prey is abundant, avoiding humans.DiscussionPolicy discussions regarding bait distribution design targeting these conditions should be initiated.

Summary: Background: Carbapenem resistant organisms (CROs) such as Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPa), Escherichia coli (CREc), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) have been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as global priority pathogens. The dissemination of these pathogens and clonal outbreaks within healthcare facilities are of serious concern, particularly in regions with limited resources. In Fiji, where healthcare services are primarily provided by public hospitals, understanding the extent and nature of this problem is essential for the development of effective patient management, prevention interventions and control strategies. Methods: CROs isolated from 211 (77.3%) non-sterile (urinary catheters, urine, sputum, wound swab, and endotracheal tube) and 62 (22.7%) normally sterile (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, intravascular catheter, and aspirates) body sites of 272 patients treated at the three major hospitals in Fiji, the Colonial War Memorial Hospital (CWMH), Lautoka Hospital (LTKH), and Labasa Hospital (LBSH), and outer peripheral health centres around Fiji, were analysed. Clinical and demographic patient data such as age, sex, admission diagnosis, admission and discharge dates, patient outcomes, date of death, start and end date of meropenem and colistin treatment were reviewed. These CRO isolates comprised A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, that were prospectively collected at the microbiology laboratory of CWMH and LBSH from January 2020 through August 2021 and at the LTKH from January 2020 to December 2021. In addition, 10 retrospectively stored CRPa isolates collected from patients at the CWMH from January through December 2019, were also included in the study. All isolates were characterised using mass spectrometry, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships among the CROs were assessed through core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The CRAb isolates were also compared to the CRAb isolates from CWMH isolated in 2016/2017 and 2019, along with CRAb isolates obtained from Fijian patients admitted to New Zealand hospitals in 2020 and 2021 from our retrospective study. Findings: Of 272 patients, 140 (51.5%) were male, the median (range) age of patients was 45 (

El área de la educación presenta la inclusión de grandes herramientas tecnológicas como es el uso de la Inteligencia Artificial, que se viene incorporando en los diferentes procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje, para que se mejore la autonomía formativa de aprendizaje significativo, junto a la responsabilidad en la construcción de saberes, tanto para los maestros en su proceso de actualización más creativo e innovador que lleve al alumno a una interacción directa, para que su rendimiento académico sea óptimo en las competencias que exige la calidad pedagógica del siglo XXI en los diferentes niveles escolares. El diseño de la investigación fue de carácter documental – descriptivo, basado en la información recolectada en diferentes páginas web como Google Académico, Proquest, Science, Redalyc, Dialnet, Scielo. Los resultados demuestran que la educación en general ha tenido un avance significativo con la llegada de la tecnología, especialmente con la implementación competitiva de los entornos virtuales, gracias a la evolución progresiva de la Inteligencia Artificial, donde viene abriendo un mundo de posibilidades, sin límite alguno y con gran diversidad de software, ya sea en el sector de la seguridad informática, al igual para gerencia y y formación académica en todos los niveles existentes del saber pedagógico. Se concluye que la educación y la Inteligencia Artificial hacen un dúo perfecto en el buen manejo de la calidad educativa, acorde a la exigencia del siglo XXI, en preparación de las nuevas generaciones que garantice la solución de muchas eventualidades que se puedan presentar, tanto para los maestros como de los estudiantes, porque no tendrán excusa en tener los mejores resultados posibles.

Abstract In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), photoreceptor degeneration leads to progressive visual field loss and visual impairment. Several therapeutic trials are ongoing aiming to establish effective treatments. Although functional evaluations are commonly used in clinical trials, residual ellipsoid zone (EZ) measurement on optical coherence tomography has been shown to be more sensitive to detect disease progression. Establishment of sensitive outcome measurement is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we evaluated the progression rates of the disease in 76 eyes of 76 patients with RP, using the residual EZ length, ring-shaped macular hyperautofluorescent (AF), and visual field. Decrease rates measured by the residual EZ area and by the hyper-AF ring area were strongly positively correlated (P

This study evaluated the influence of gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antidiabetic potential of xique-xique (Pilosocereus gounellei) and mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) fruits. After digestion, the content of total phenolics and flavonoids reduced by 58.3 and 73.51% in xique-xique and 48.33 and 88.43% in mandacaru. In addition, compounds such as rutin, ρ-coumaric acid, catechin and epicatechin reduced during digestion for both fruits. The antioxidant potential by the ABTS assay increased by 153.3% for xique-xique and 273.46% for mandacaru in the intestinal phase. However, using the ORAC assay, the antioxidant potential of xique-xique reduced from 255.42 to 112.17 μmol TE g−1. The capacity of xique-xique fruit to reduce α-amylase activity reduced 23.71-fold after digestion, but the potential to inhibit α-glucosidase increased 17.8-fold. The antiglycation potential reduced in both fruits after the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds from the fruits, as well as their functional potential, were influenced by the digestive process, as well as by the sample evaluated.

(1) Background: Shoulder pathologies are mostly found in overhead sports. Many risk factors have been identified, in particular a deficit in the kinetic chain. The aim of this review was to find out whether prevention by strengthening the kinetic chain can have an impact on the rate of shoulder injury in overhead pitching athletes. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out, including studies on the role of the kinetic chain in the prevention of overhead athletes. The studies used were works published over the last 10 years searched on PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro and Science Direct. They were also analyzed by methodological quality scales: the PEDro scale and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. (3) Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies analyzed revealed a significant correlation between the use of the kinetic chain and the prevention of shoulder injuries, associating factors such as muscle strength, physical performance in tests (CMJ, FMS), static and dynamic balance and the ability to transfer energy from the lower to the upper body. (4) Conclusions: It is important to integrate core stability work and lower limb strengthening to minimize excessive stress on the shoulder complex, while optimizing force production and performance.

The pursuit of an improved quality of life is a major trend in the food market. This is driving the reformulation of the industry’s product portfolio, with the aim of providing nourishment while also contributing to beneficial health metabolic processes. In this context, the use of local biodiversity and the recovery of the traditional knowledge associated with the consumption of vegetables that grow spontaneously in nature emerge as more sustainable and nutritionally adequate concepts. The Amazon region is known for its abundant biodiversity, housing numerous unconventional food plants whose nutritional and biological properties remain unknown due to a lack of research. Among the different species are Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Acmella oleracea, Talinum triangulare, Pereskia bleo, Bidens bipinnata, and Costus spiralis. These species contain bioactive compounds such as apigenin, syringic acid, spilanthol, and lutein, which provide various health benefits. There are few reports on the biological effects, nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and market prospects for these species. Therefore, this review provides an overview of their nutritional contribution, bioactive compounds, health benefits, and current market, as well as the use of new technologies that can contribute to the development of functional products/ingredients derived from them.

Objetivo. Determinar la dosis recomendable de bentonita como quelante de arsénico (As) y plomo (Pb) en el medio ruminal, abomasal y duodenal mediante un sistema in vitro, considerando las variables de fermentación ruminal y el efecto adsorbente de As y Pb. Materiales y Métodos. Se prepararon viales con 50 mL de medio anaerobio y 0.5 g de alfalfa como sustrato. Los medios se adicionaron con 1.01 y 1.95 ppm de As y Pb, respectivamente. Los tratamientos consistieron en el nivel de bentonita (B) adicionada al medio, B-0%, B-1.5%, B-3.0% y B-4.5%. Los medios se incubaron durante 24 h y se midió el pH, producción de AGV, N-NH3, degradabilidad in vitro de MS (DIVMS) y efecto quelante de la bentonita, simulando las condiciones del rumen, abomaso y duodeno. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar y contrastes ortogonales. Resultados. La bentonita no modificó el pH ni la proporción molar de AGV (p>0.05), pero la producción total de AGV presentó un efecto lineal negativo al aumentar el nivel del mineral. Asimismo, el N-NH3 disminuyó (p

Summary: Effective neural stimulation requires adequate parametrization. Gaussian-process (GP)-based Bayesian optimization (BO) offers a framework to discover optimal stimulation parameters in real time. Here, we first provide a general protocol to deploy this framework in neurostimulation interventions and follow by exemplifying its use in detail. Specifically, we describe the steps to implant rats with multi-channel electrode arrays in the hindlimb motor cortex. We then detail how to utilize the GP-BO algorithm to maximize evoked target movements, measured as electromyographic responses.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bonizzato and colleagues (2023).1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

This article of empirical and interpretive nature aims to offer a contribution to the discussion of "Incubators" as research spaces in the formation of the novice researcher. It is a product of reflections carried out by the authors on the subject and discussions carried out with undergraduate and graduate young people who aspire to be researchers in the field of education. It is based on a reference framework related to: a) research as a systematic process that is learned and taught and; b) competences in research for the training of novice researchers. It is based on the assumption that to do a research in the field of Education Sciences is complex. However, this makes them fertile and an incubator for research competences. It is concluded with the proposal of three actions or paths associated with the training of novice researchers: to) the institutionalization of "Incubators" as research spaces; (b) the production of scientific papers and; (c) the implementation of the curriculum research. The expectation of the authors is that these reflections contribute to promote educational institutions spaces such as the research "Incubators" allowing them to exceed the research gaps that currently exist in Latin America and that they consolidated as organizations that learn and manage knowledge.