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1. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in postsecondary students

Author

Nugent K and Smart W

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Kevin Nugent,1 Wallace Smart2,3 1Kinark Child and Family Services, Trent University and Sir Sanford Fleming College, Peterborough, ON, Canada; 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 3University of Lethbridge Health Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Abstract: A PubMed review was conducted for papers reporting on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in postsecondary students. The review was performed in order to determine the prevalence and symptomatology of ADHD in postsecondary students, to examine its effects on academic achievement, and discuss appropriate management. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms among postsecondary students ranges from 2% to 12%. Students with ADHD have lower grade point averages and are more likely to withdraw from courses, to indulge in risky behaviors, and to have other psychiatric comorbidities than their non-ADHD peers. Ensuring that students with ADHD receive appropriate support requires documented evidence of impairment to academic and day-to-day functioning. In adults with ADHD, stimulants improve concentration and attention, although improved academic productivity remains to be demonstrated. ADHD negatively impacts academic performance in students and increases the likelihood of drug and alcohol problems. Affected students may therefore benefit from disability support services, academic accommodations, and pharmacological treatment. Keywords: adults, academic performance, stimulants, treatment

Published
2014

3. International Consensus Definition of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome

Author

Keane, Celia, Fearnhead, Nicola S., Bordeianou, Liliana G., Christensen, Peter, Basany, Eloy Espin, Laurberg, Søren, Mellgren, Anders, Messick, Craig, Orangio, Guy R., Verjee, Azmina, Wing, Kirsty, Bissett, Ian, An, V, Bryant, A, Byrne, C, Chen, T, Croft, S, Clark, D, Gladman, M, Heriot, A, Kariappa, S, Keck, J, Lubowski, D, Dinning, P, Khera, A, Kirkwood, K, Petersen, D, Sloots, K, Totten, B, Weston, M, Andersen, P, Bachmann, C, Barht, H, Emmertsen, K, Faaborg, P, Gögenur, I, Ingerslev, P, Isaksen, D, Iversen, H, Iversen, L, Jacobsen, K, Jansen, T, Jocobsen, I, Juul, T, Kjar, D, Krogh, K, Majgaard, M, Mynster, A, Neuenschwander, A, Nielsen, C, Nielsen, R, Nielsen, M, Nielsen, T, Olsen, J, Poulsen, B, Rahr, H, Snedker, B, Sørensen, G, Stolzenburg, T, Vaabengaard, P, Acheson, A, Andreyev, J, Bach, S, Battersby, N, Bradbury, J, Brown, S, Cecil, T, Chapman, S, Chapman, M, Chave, H, Cook, T, Cuffy, L, Davies, J, Dawson, C, Dixon, J, Duff, S, Edwards, C, Geh, I, Hamilton, C, Hancock, L, Harji, D, Hill, J, Holtham, S, Jenkins, J, Johnston, R, Kapur, S, Maxwell-Armstrong, C, McArthur, D, Moran, B, Norton, C, Nugent, K, Pateman, L, Perston, Y, Rockall, T, Sagar, P, Saunders, M, Sebag-Montefiore, D, Senapati, A, Singh, B, Skaife, P, Sykes, H, Smart, N, Taylor, C, Thorpe, G, Tierney, G, Voyce, S, Walsh, C, Warren, O, Wheeler, J, Woodward, A, Winter, D, Abbott, S, Beban, V, Bennett, M, Chadwick, T, Collinson, R, Corbett, S, Dennett, E, Eglinton, T, Fraser, A, Glue, J, Hohaia, D, Menzi, E, O’Connor, M, Stevenson, D, Wells, C, Wolyncewicz, S, Woodfield, J, Bence, K, Boutros, M, Brueseke, M, DeKorte, J, Floruta, C, Francone, T, Frederick, F, Grasso, J, Gurland, B, Higgins, K, Hull, T, Keller, D, Laffan, A, Lovett, S, Marlatt, J, McAdams, D, McCarthy, C, Milch, H, Natale, S, Pappou, E, Paquette, I, Pulskamp, S, Rich, M, Savitt, L, Shafi, M, Steele, S, Stein, S, Tolbert, M, Varma, M, Vogler, S, Vuong, T, Wells, K, Wexner, S, Wo, J, Wright, J, Wunderlich, C, Campbell, K, Lim, M, Moug, S, Oliphant, R, Labaka-Aretaga, I, Ballester, C, Belen-Bueno, A, Vaquer-Casas, G, Jerez, J, Castillo, J, Paniagua-Cayetano, G, Codina-Cazador, A, Blanco-Colino, R, de la Portilla, F, Pascual-Damieta, M, Enriquez-Navascuez, JM, Martin-Fernández, M, Araujo-Ferreiro, M, Sanchez-García, C, Vico-García, E, Gallego-García, M, Jimenez, LM, Martinez-Sanchez, C, Carrillo-Moreno, J, Muñoz, A, Ramirez, L, Vigorita, V, Adams, R, Cornish, J, Davies, M, Evans, M, Torkington, J, and Turner, J

Published
2020
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8. Implementation of 26 Gy in five fractions over 1 week adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer: Prospective report of acute skin toxicity and consideration of resource implications.

Author

Nugent, K., Quinlan, E., Cleary, S., O'Driscoll, H., Rohan, C., Trousdell, J., Williams, J., Dunne, M., McArdle, O, and Duane, F.K.

Subjects
ACUTE toxicity testing, BREAST cancer, CANCER radiotherapy, TELEMEDICINE
Abstract

In March 2020, a 1-week adjuvant breast radiotherapy schedule, 26 Gy in 5 fractions, was adopted to reduce the risk of COVID19 for staff and patients. This study quantifies acute toxicity rates and the effect on linac capacity. This is a report of consecutive patients receiving ultrafractionated breast radiotherapy (± sequential boost) Mar–Aug 2020. Virtual consultations assessed acute skin toxicity during treatment and weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 post treatment using CTCAE V5 scoring criteria. The number of linac minutes saved was estimated accounting for boost and DIBH use. In total, 128/135 (95%) patients, including 31/33 boost patients, completed at least 3/5 assessments. 0/128 (0%) reported moist desquamation not confined to skin folds or minor bleeding (Grade 3), 41/128 (32%) reported brisk erythema, moist desquamation confined to skin folds or breast swelling (Grade 2), 62/128 (48%) reported faint erythema or dry desquamation (Grade 1) as their worst skin toxicity, with the remaining 20% reporting no skin toxicity. The highest prevalence of grade 2 toxicity occurred week 1 following treatment (20%), reducing to 3% by week 4. There was no difference in toxicity between those who received a boost versus not (p = 1.00). Delivering this schedule to 135 patients over six months saved 21,300 linac minutes and 1485 hospital visits compared to a 3-week schedule. Rapidly implementing ultrahypofractionated breast radiotherapy is feasible and acute toxicity rates are acceptable even when followed by boost. • It is feasible and safe to rapidly implement ultrahypofractionated breast RT. • 26 Gy in 5 fractions (± sequential boost) leads to G0-2 acute skin toxicity. • G3 acute skin toxicity is usually not observed with ultrahypofractionated breast RT. • Ultrahypofractionation does not lead to excess toxicity when breast volume is large. • Ultrahypofractionation saved 6300 LINAC minutes over 6 months (135 patients). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Chronic constipation in adults: Contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 1: Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation

Author

Scott, S M, Farmer, A D, Dinning, P G, Carrington, E V, Benninga, M A, Burgell, R E, Dimidi, E, Fikree, A, Ford, A C, Fox, M, Hoad, C L, Knowles, C H, Krogh, K, Nugent, K, Remes-Troche, J M, Whelan, K, and Corsetti, M

Subjects
chronic constipation, diagnosis, epidemiology, IBS-C, investigation, pathophysiology
Abstract

Chronic constipation is a prevalent disorder that affects patients’ quality of life and consumes resources in healthcare systems worldwide. In clinical practice, it is still considered a challenge as clinicians frequently are unsure as to which treatments to use and when. Over a decade ago, a Neurogastroenterology & Motility journal supplement devoted to the investigation and management of constipation was published (2009;21(Suppl.2)). This included seven articles, disseminating all themes covered during a preceding two-day meeting held in London, entitled ‘Current perspectives in chronic constipation: a scientific and clinical symposium’. In October 2018, the 3rd London Masterclass, entitled ‘Contemporary management of constipation’ was held, again over two days. All faculty members were invited to author two new review articles representing a collective synthesis of talks presented and discussions held during this meeting. PURPOSEThis article represents the first of these reviews, addressing epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation. Clearly not all aspects of the condition can be covered in adequate detail; hence, there is a focus on particular ‘hot topics’ and themes that are of contemporary interest. The second review addresses management of chronic constipation, covering behavioural, conservative, medical and surgical therapies.

Published
2021

21. Impacts of Active Versus Passive Re‐Wetting on the Carbon Balance of a Previously Drained Bog.

Author

Nyberg, M., Black, T. A., Ketler, R., Lee, S.‐C., Johnson, M., Merkens, M., Nugent, K. A., and Knox, S. H.

Abstract

Peatland drainage depletes large carbon stocks by increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soil. Restoration via re‐wetting could play an important role in climate change mitigation, reducing CO2 emissions and increasing C storage within peatlands. However, re‐wetting leads to a biogeochemical compromise between increased CO2 uptake, and enhanced methane (CH4) release. The extent of this compromise in re‐wetted ecosystems with differing environmental conditions is uncertain. To assess re‐wetting effects, we analyzed eddy‐covariance flux measurements from a temperate bog near Vancouver, Canada, from two sites that have undergone different restoration techniques. By the end of the 1‐year study period, the actively re‐wetted, wetter site, was a weak CO2 sink (−26.1 ± 6.1 g C‐CO2 m−2), and the passively re‐wetted, drier site, was near CO2 neutral (3.8 ± 3.1 g C‐CO2 m−2). Higher CH4 emissions at the wetter site led to a larger radiative balance on 20‐ and 100‐year time horizons, implying that the strong radiative effect of CH4 can offset CO2 sink strength on shorter to medium timeframes. However, long‐term radiative forcing (RF) modeling suggests sustained CO2 uptake by the wetter site will eventually lead to a cooling effect on the climate. Furthermore, modeling results emphasize that despite both re‐wetted peatland sites having a positive RF over century timescales, the lack of restoration would have resulted in a significantly larger RF beyond the first few decades following restoration. Results highlight the importance of actively re‐wetting disturbed peatlands to mitigate climate warming and can be used to inform management decisions. Plain Language Summary: Peatlands are important ecosystems in the global carbon cycle as their soils can store vast quantities of carbon. However, when soils in peatlands are disturbed via drainage, they dry and release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Scientists have proposed re‐wetting drained peatlands to reverse this effect and promote CO uptake. This can be an issue, because wet conditions often lead to increased emissions of methane (CH4), a much more potent greenhouse gas (GHG). This study presents results comparing GHG and environmental measurements from two peatlands undergoing restoration near Vancouver, Canada—one wetter, and one drier site. Restoration of both sites has a climate benefit compared to not re‐wetting, however, results reveal that although the wetter site had higher CH4 emissions, it was a larger CO2 sink than the drier site, and therefore will eventually have a cooling effect on the climate on long timescales. These results are useful for identifying which environmental conditions in re‐wetted peatlands are most beneficial for the climate. Key Points: Of two rewetted peatland sites, wetter conditions at one site corresponded with it being a stronger carbon dioxide sinkThe wetter site was a larger methane source than the drier one, resulting in a greater radiative balance on 20‐ and 100‐year timeframesOver century timescales, the wetter site had a lower (eventually negative) radiative forcing, and overall rewetting had climatic benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. International consensus definition of low anterior resection syndrome

Author

Keane, C, Fearnhead, NS, Bordeianou, L, Christensen, P, Espin Basany, E, Laurberg, S, Mellgren, A, Messick, C, Orangio, GR, Verjee, A, Wing, K, Bissett, I, An, V, Bryant, A, Byrne, C, Chen, T, Clark, D, Croft, S, Dinning, P, Gladman, M, Heriot, A, Kariappa, S, Keck, J, Lubowski, D, Khera, A, Kirkwood, K, Petersen, D, Sloots, K, Totten, B, Weston, M, Andersen, P, Bachmann, C, Barht, H, Emmertsen, K, Faaborg, P, Gögenur, I, Ingerslev, P, Isaksen, D, Iversen, H, Iversen, L, Jacobsen, K, Jansen, T, Jocobsen, I, Juul, T, Kjær, D, Krogh, K, Majgaard, M, Mynster, A, Neuenschwander, A, Nielsen, C, Nielsen, M, Nielsen, R, Nielsen, T, Olsen, J, Poulsen, B, Rahr, H, Snedker, B, Sørensen, G, Stolzenburg, T, Vaabengaard, P, Acheson, A, Andreyev, J, Bach, S, Battersby, N, Bradbury, J, Brown, S, Cecil, T, Chapman, M, Chapman, S, Chave, H, Cook, T, Cuffy, L, Davies, J, Dawson, C, Dixon, J, Duff, S, Edwards, C, Geh, I, Hamilton, C, Hancock, L, Harji, D, Hill, J, Holtham, S, Jenkins, J, Johnston, R, Kapur, S, Maxwell‐Armstrong, C, McArthur, D, Moran, B, Norton, C, Nugent, K, Pateman, L, Perston, Y, Rockall, T, Sagar, P, Saunders, M, Sebag‐Montefiore, D, Senapati, A, Singh, B, Skaife, P, Smart, N, Sykes, H, Taylor, C, Thorpe, G, Tierney, G, Voyce, S, Walsh, C, Warren, O, Wheeler, J, Woodward, A, Winter, D, Abbott, S, Beban, V, Bennett, M, Chadwick, T, Collinson, R, Corbett, S, Dennett, E, Eglinton, T, Fraser, A, Glue, J, Hohaia, D, Menzi, E, O’Connor, M, Stevenson, D, Wells, C, Wolyncewicz, S, Woodfield, J, Bence, K, Boutros, M, Brueseke, M, DeKorte, J, Floruta, C, Francone, T, Frederick, F, Grasso, J, Gurland, B, Higgins, K, Hull, T, Keller, D, Laffan, A, Lovett, S, Marlatt, J, McAdams, D, McCarthy, C, Milch, H, Natale, S, Pappou, E, Paquette, I, Pulskamp, S, Rich, M, Savitt, L, Shafi, M, Steele, S, Stein, S, Tolbert, M, Varma, M, Vogler, S, Vuong, T, Wells, K, Wexner, S, Wo, J, Wright, J, Wunderlich, C, Campbell, K, Lim, M, Moug, S, Oliphant, R, Araujo‐Ferreiro, M, Ballester, C, Belen‐Bueno, A, Blanco‐Colino, R, Carrillo‐Moreno, J, Castillo, J, Codina‐Cazador, A, Enriquez‐Navascuez, JM, Gallego‐García, M, Jerez, J, Jimenez, LM, Labaka‐Aretaga, I, Martin‐Fernández, M, Martinez‐Sanchez, C, Muñoz, A, Paniagua‐Cayetano, G, Pascual‐Damieta, M, de la Portilla, F, Ramirez, L, Sanchez‐García, C, Vaquer‐Casas, G, Vico‐García, E, Vigorita, V, Adams, R, Cornish, J, Davies, M, Evans, M, Torkington, J, and Turner, J

Abstract

Aim: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is pragmatically defined as disordered bowel function after rectal resection leading to a detriment in quality of life. This broad characterization does not allow for precise estimates of prevalence. The LARS score was designed as a simple tool for clinical evaluation of LARS. Although the LARS score has good clinical utility, it may not capture all important aspects that patients may experience. The aim of this collaboration was to develop an international consensus definition of LARS that encompasses all aspects of the condition and is informed by all stakeholders. Method: This international patient–provider initiative used an online Delphi survey, regional patient consultation meetings, and an international consensus meeting. Three expert groups participated: patients, surgeons and other health professionals from five regions (Australasia, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain and Ireland, and North America) and in three languages (English, Spanish, and Danish). The primary outcome measured was the priorities for the definition of LARS. Results: Three hundred twenty-five participants (156 patients) registered. The response rates for successive rounds of the Delphi survey were 86%, 96% and 99%. Eighteen priorities emerged from the Delphi survey. Patient consultation and consensus meetings refined these priorities to eight symptoms and eight consequences that capture essential aspects of the syndrome. Sampling bias may have been present, in particular, in the patient panel because social media was used extensively in recruitment. There was also dominance of the surgical panel at the final consensus meeting despite attempts to mitigate this. Conclusion: This is the first definition of LARS developed with direct input from a large international patient panel. The involvement of patients in all phases has ensured that the definition presented encompasses the vital aspects of the patient experience of LARS. The novel separation of symptoms and consequences may enable greater sensitivity to detect changes in LARS over time and with intervention.

Published
2020

24. Defining and expanding the phenotype of QARS-associated developmental epileptic encephalopathy

Author

Johannesen, Km, Mitter, D, Janowski, R, Roth, C, Toulouse, J, Poulat, Al, Ville, Dm, Chatron, N, Brilstra, E, Geleijns, K, Born, Ap, McLean, S, Nugent, K, Baynam, G, Poulton, C, Dreyer, L, Gration, D, Schulz, S, Dieckmann, A, Helbig, Kl, Merkenschlager, A, Jamra, R, Finck, A, Gardella, E, Hjalgrim, H, Mirzaa, G, Brancati, F, Bierhals, T, Denecke, J, Hempel, M, Lemke, Jr, Rubboli, G, Muschke, P, Guerrini, R, Vetro, A, Niessing, D, Lesca, G, and Møller, Rs

Subjects
TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE, ILAE COMMISSION, POSITION PAPER, MUTATIONS, CLASSIFICATION, DEFICIENCY, FEATURES
Published
2020

29. A-LONG: results from a Phase 3 study of safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of long-lasting recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc): OC 37.2

Author

Mahlangu, J, Powell, J, Ragni, M, Chowdary, P, Josephson, N, Pabinger, I, Hanabusa, H, Gupta, N, Kulkarni, R, Fogarty, P, Perry, D, Shapiro, A D, Pasi, J, Apte, S, Krassova, S, Jiang, H, Li, S, Cristiano, L, Neelakantan, S, Greblikas, F, Goyal, J, Sommer, J, Dumont, J A, Innes, A, Nugent, K, Brennan, A, Luk, A, and Pierce, G F

Published
2013

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