15 results on '"Norton, Sally L."'
Search Results
2. New sources of lentil germplasm for aluminium toxicity tolerance identified by high throughput hydroponic screening
- Author
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Kulkarni, Vani, Sawbridge, Tim, Kaur, Sukhjiwan, Hayden, Matthew, Slater, Anthony T., and Norton, Sally L.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Transcript profiles of wild and domesticated sorghum under water-stressed conditions and the differential impact on dhurrin metabolism
- Author
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Ananda, Galaihalage K. S., Norton, Sally L., Blomstedt, Cecilia, Furtado, Agnelo, Møller, Birger Lindberg, Gleadow, Roslyn, and Henry, Robert J.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Phenotypic variation in Australian wild Cajanus and their interspecific hybrids
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Vanambathina, Prameela, Rachaputi, Rao C. N., Henry, Robert J, and Norton, Sally L
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- 2019
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5. Seed science in Australasia: regionally important, globally relevant.
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Guja, Lydia K., Ooi, Mark K. J., Norton, Sally L., Wrigley, Damian, Desmond, Bradley, Offord, Catherine A., and Morgan, John
- Abstract
The crises of biodiversity loss, climate change and food security are challenges faced by the conservation and agriculture sectors.We outline, via presentations from the Australasian Seed Science Conference, how seed science is addressing these challenges. Research is focused on practical solutions for seed bank management, seed use and biodiversity conservation. Emerging trends include understanding the role of seed microbiota on plant performance and the roles of seeds in society and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Molecular characterization of Brassica genebank germplasm confirms taxonomic identity and reveals low levels and source of taxonomic errors.
- Author
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Steadman, Erica M., Whitehouse, Katherine J., and Norton, Sally L.
- Subjects
BRASSICA ,GERMPLASM ,PLANT germplasm ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CROP improvement ,GENETIC variation - Abstract
Crop germplasm conserved in genebanks, are a fundamental resource of genetic diversity for crop improvement activities, underpinning future food security and sustainable agricultural practices. However, taxonomic errors in genebank germplasm (due to misclassification, contamination and poor data collation) restrict the effective use of this material for correct purpose. Earlier studies investigating species genetic diversity using genebank germplasm, have shown varying levels of taxonomic error within the Brassica species. In response to this reported taxonomic error of global collections, together with the availability of a multiplex PCR (MPCR) marker, targeting the specific chromosomes (A, B and C) of the six Brassica species in U's triangle, this study was undertaken to confirm the taxonomic identity of accessions within the Australian Grains Genebank's (AGG) long-term Brassica collection. A total of 5161 accessions were analysed with MPCR for taxonomic identification, of which, 4842 (93.8%) were confirmed to be consistent (correct) with their labelled taxonomy, while the remaining 319 (6.2%) were identified as taxonomically inconsistent (in-error). Through the evaluation of earlier regeneration and original seed of the error accessions with MPCR, we determined that 80.9% of the taxonomic errors were traced back to the original seed, while 19.1% of errors were the result of genebank seed regeneration handling practices. Results from this study directly enhance information of the AGG Brassica collection and shape directions for distribution, acquisition and regeneration practices within the AGG and potentially other global genebanks, which will facilitate in a more effective use of these valuable genetic resources by researchers and breeders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Environmental effect on temporal patterns in lentil seed quality development.
- Author
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Whitehouse, Katherine J. and Norton, Sally L.
- Subjects
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SEED development , *SEED quality , *LENTILS , *HUMIDITY control , *SEED viability , *TEMPERATURE control - Abstract
To maximize seed longevity, seeds should be harvested at optimal maturity, that is, when seeds have acquired maximum physiological quality before deterioration begins. The aim of this study was to map the variation in temporal patterns of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seed quality development when grown across four regeneration environments, which differ in the level of temperature and humidity control throughout the growing season, at the Australian Grains Genebank. Seeds of two lentil accessions (76080 and 76072) were harvested at different stages throughout development, commencing at 21 d after 50% anthesis until a maximum of 130 d. At each harvest, physiological quality traits, including germinability (fresh and dried seeds) and seed longevity, were determined, as well as seed dry weight and moisture content. Seeds of both accessions, and in all environments, started to accumulate physiological quality early on in development but did not reach their maximum until 3–54 d after mass maturity. The temporal patterns of desiccation tolerance and storage longevity were highly influenced by the environmental conditions during the maturation drying phase, affecting both 'when' maximum quality was attained and for how long it was maintained, thereafter. Seeds did not show a typical developmental response, rather variation was observed in seed quality development both between and within accessions grown in the different environments. The poorest storage longevity was seen when seeds of both accessions were grown in the cooler, temperature-controlled glasshouse, and the maximum longevity was observed in the warmer, semi-protected environments of the green and the big igloo for accessions 76080 and 76072, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
8. Wild Sorghum as a Promising Resource for Crop Improvement.
- Author
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Ananda, Galaihalage K. S., Myrans, Harry, Norton, Sally L., Gleadow, Roslyn, Furtado, Agnelo, and Henry, Robert J.
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SORGHUM ,CROP improvement ,SORGHUM farming ,BIOLOGICAL classification ,FOOD crops ,GERMPLASM ,ABIOTIC stress - Abstract
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a multipurpose food crop which is ranked among the top five cereal crops in the world, and is used as a source of food, fodder, feed, and fuel. The genus Sorghum consists of 24 diverse species. Cultivated sorghum was derived from the wild progenitor S. bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum , which is commonly distributed in Africa. Archeological evidence has identified regions in Sudan, Ethiopia, and West Africa as centers of origin of sorghum, with evidence for more than one domestication event. The taxonomy of the genus is not fully resolved, with alternative classifications that should be resolved by further molecular analysis. Sorghum can withstand severe droughts which makes it suitable to grow in regions where other major crops cannot be grown. Wild relatives of many crops have played significant roles as genetic resources for crop improvement. Although there have been many studies of domesticated sorghum, few studies have reported on its wild relatives. In Sorghum , some species are widely distributed while others are very restricted. Of the 17 native sorghum species found in Australia, none have been cultivated. Isolation of these wild species from domesticated crops makes them a highly valuable system for studying the evolution of adaptive traits such as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The diversity of the genus Sorghum has probably arisen as a result of the extensive variability of the habitats over which they are distributed. The wild gene pool of sorghum may, therefore, harbor many useful genes for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. While there are many examples of successful examples of introgression of novel alleles from the wild relatives of other species from Poaceae, such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane, studies of introgression from wild sorghum are limited. An improved understanding of wild sorghums will better allow us to exploit this previously underutilized gene pool for the production of more resilient crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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9. Automated phenotyping for early vigour of field pea seedlings in controlled environment by colour imaging technology.
- Author
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Nguyen, Giao N., Norton, Sally L., Rosewarne, Garry M., James, Laura E., and Slater, Anthony T.
- Subjects
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PEAS , *PLANT phenology , *PHENOTYPES , *PLANT genetics , *PLANT breeding - Abstract
Early vigour of seedlings is a beneficial trait of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) that contributes to weed control, water use efficiency and is likely to contribute to yield under certain environments. Although breeding is considered the most effective approach to improve early vigour of field pea, the absence of a robust and high-throughput phenotyping tool to dissect this complex trait is currently a major obstacle of genetic improvement programs to address this issue. To develop this tool, separate trials on 44 genetically diverse field pea genotypes were conducted in the automated plant phenotyping platform of Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham and in the field, respectively. High correlation between estimated plant parameters derived from the automated phenotyping platform and important early vigour traits such as shoot biomass, leaf area and plant height indicated that the derived plant parameters can be used to predict vigour traits in field pea seedlings. Plant growth analysis demonstrated that the “broken-stick” model fitted well with the growth pattern of all field pea genotypes and can be used to determine the linear growth phase. Further analysis suggested that the estimated plant parameters collected at the linear growth phase can effectively differentiate early vigour across field pea genotypes. High correlation between normalised difference vegetation indices captured from the field trial and estimated shoot biomass and top-view area confirmed the consistent performance of early vigour field pea genotypes under controlled and field environments. Overall, our results demonstrated that this robust screening tool is highly applicable and will enable breeding programs to rapidly identify early vigour traits and utilise germplasm to contribute to the genetic improvement of field peas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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10. Priorities for enhancing the ex situ conservation and use of Australian crop wild relatives.
- Author
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Norton, Sally L., Khoury, Colin K., Sosa, Chrystian C., Castañeda-Álvarez, Nora P., Achicanoy, Harold A., Sotelo, Steven, and Offord, Cathy
- Abstract
Crop wild relatives - the wild cousins of cultivated plants - are increasingly recognised for their potential to contribute to the productivity, nutritional quality and sustainability of agricultural crops. However, the use of these genetic resources is dependent upon their conservation in genebanks and consequent availability to plant breeders, the status of which has not been comprehensively analysed in Australia. Such conservation assessments are given urgency by reports of increasing threats to natural populations due to habitat destruction, climate change, and invasive species, among other causes. Here we document Australian wild plants related to important food crops, and outline their priorities for ex situ conservation. Given that no major domesticated food plants originated in the country, Australia's native flora of crop wild relatives is surprisingly rich, including potentially valuable cousins of banana, eggplant, melon, mung bean, pigeonpea, rice, sorghum, sweetpotato, soybean and yam. Species richness of the wild relatives of major food crops is concentrated in the northern and north-eastern tropical regions, in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, and Queensland. Geographic priorities for collecting of these taxa for ex situ conservation, due to the limited representation of their populations in genebanks, largely align with areas of high species richness. Proposed dam building and agricultural expansion in northern Australia make conservation action for these species more urgent. We outline key steps needed for enhancing the ex situ conservation of Australia's heritage of major food crop wild relatives, and discuss the critical activities required to increase their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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11. Genebank Phenomics: A Strategic Approach to Enhance Value and Utilization of Crop Germplasm.
- Author
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Nguyen, Giao N. and Norton, Sally L.
- Subjects
PLANT germplasm ,GERMPLASM ,CULTIVARS ,CROP yields ,CROPS ,FOOD crops - Abstract
Genetically diverse plant germplasm stored in ex-situ genebanks are excellent resources for breeding new high yielding and sustainable crop varieties to ensure future food security. Novel alleles have been discovered through routine genebank activities such as seed regeneration and characterization, with subsequent utilization providing significant genetic gains and improvements for the selection of favorable traits, including yield, biotic, and abiotic resistance. Although some genebanks have implemented cost-effective genotyping technologies through advances in DNA technology, the adoption of modern phenotyping is lagging. The introduction of advanced phenotyping technologies in recent decades has provided genebank scientists with time and cost-effective screening tools to obtain valuable phenotypic data for more traits on large germplasm collections during routine activities. The utilization of these phenotyping tools, coupled with high-throughput genotyping, will accelerate the use of genetic resources and fast-track the development of more resilient food crops for the future. In this review, we highlight current digital phenotyping methods that can capture traits during annual seed regeneration to enrich genebank phenotypic datasets. Next, we describe strategies for the collection and use of phenotypic data of specific traits for downstream research using high-throughput phenotyping technology. Finally, we examine the challenges and future perspectives of genebank phenomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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12. Crop wild relatives as a genetic resource for generating low-cyanide, drought-tolerant Sorghum.
- Author
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Cowan, Max F., Blomstedt, Cecilia K., Norton, Sally L., Henry, Robert J., Møller, Birger Lindberg, and Gleadow, Roslyn
- Subjects
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SORGHUM , *GERMPLASM , *CYANIDES , *DROUGHT management , *CROP improvement , *PHOTOSYSTEMS , *QUANTUM efficiency , *PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates - Abstract
• First study of dhurrin concentration in Australian endemic sorghum in response to drought. • Wild sorghum show improved growth and photosynthetic rate under water-limitation. • Cyanide potential is extremely low in leaves of wild species. • Cyanide potential induced by water-limitation in S. bicolor but not in wild species. • Total plant nitrogen differed with species but not water deficit. Using a Sorghum bicolor cultivar and seven wild Sorghum species endemic to Australia as our experimental system, we monitored their different responses to drought by assessing growth and morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. Drought stress significantly decreased height, biomass, the maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II, photosynthetic rate and relative water content in S. bicolor , while several of the wild species were much more tolerant. Drought significantly increased dhurrin concentration in aboveground tissue in S. bicolor but not in the wild species. Root dhurrin content was unaffected by drought in S. bicolor , in contrast to the varied responses observed in the wild species. Sorghum macrospermum and S. brachypodum maintained relatively high growth and photosynthetic performance under drought, with negligible aboveground dhurrin content. These wild species are promising candidates for sorghum crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Crop wild relatives of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]: Distributions, ex situ conservation status, and potential genetic resources for abiotic stress tolerance.
- Author
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Khoury, Colin K., Castañeda-Alvarez, Nora P., Achicanoy, Harold A., Sosa, Chrystian C., Bernau, Vivian, Kassa, Mulualem T., Norton, Sally L., van der Maesen, L. Jos G., Upadhyaya, Hari D., Ramírez-Villegas, Julian, Jarvis, Andy, and Struik, Paul C.
- Subjects
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PIGEON pea , *GERMPLASM , *ABIOTIC stress , *CROP improvement , *PLANT breeders , *CROP adaptation , *DROUGHT tolerance , *CROPS - Abstract
Pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a versatile, stress-tolerant, and nutritious grain legume, possessing traits of value for enhancing the sustainability of dry sub-tropical and tropical agricultural systems. The use of crop wild relatives (CWR) in pigeonpea breeding has been successful in providing important resistance, quality, and breeding efficiency traits to the crop. Current breeding objectives for pigeonpea include increasing its tolerance to abiotic stresses, including heat, cold, drought, and waterlogging. Here we assess the potential for pigeonpea CWR to be further employed in crop improvement by compiling wild species occurrence and ex situ conservation information, producing geographic distribution models for the species, identifying gaps in the comprehensiveness of current germplasm collections, and using ecogeographic information to identify CWR populations with the potential to contribute agronomic traits of priority to breeders. The fifteen prioritized relatives of pigeonpea generally occur in South and Southeast Asia to Australia, with the highest concentrations of species in southern India and northern Australia. These taxa differ considerably among themselves and in comparison to the crop in their adaptations to temperature, precipitation and edaphic conditions. We find that these wild genetic resources are broadly under-represented in ex situ conservation systems, with 80% of species assessed as high priority for further collecting, thus their availability to plant breeders is insufficient. We identify species and highlight geographic locations for further collecting in order to improve the completeness of pigeonpea CWR germplasm collections, with particular emphasis on potential traits for abiotic stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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14. Screening of Diverse Lupinus spp. Highlights New Resistances to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum .
- Author
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Khan MA, You MP, Norton SL, and Barbetti MJ
- Subjects
- Lupinus microbiology, Ascomycota physiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Diseases immunology, Disease Resistance
- Abstract
Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious and sometimes devastating disease of lupin ( Lupinus spp.). A total of 236 lupin accessions from across 12 Lupinus species were screened against the prevalent S. sclerotiorum isolate MBRS-1 (pathotype 76). L. angustifolius accession 21655 and L. albus var. albus accession 20589 showed immune and "near-immune" responses, respectively. Thirteen accessions of L. angustifolius , three accessions each of L. albus and L. albus var. albus , and a single accession each of L. albus var. graecus , L. mutabilis , L. palaestinus , and L. pilosus (totaling ∼4%) showed a highly resistant (HR) response. A further 19 accessions of L. angustifolius , 2 accessions each of L. albus and L. pilosus , and a single accession of L. mutabilis (totaling ∼10%) showed a resistant (R) response. The reactions of 16 (15 L. angustifolius , 1 L. digitatus ) of these 236 accessions were also compared with their reactions to a different isolate, Walkaway-3 (WW-3; pathotype 10). Against this isolate, five L. angustifolius accessions showed an HR response and four showed an R response, and the L. digitatus accession showed a moderate resistance response. Overall, isolate WW-3 caused significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller lesions than MBRS-1 across tested accessions in common. In addition, 328 plants in a "wild" naturalized field population of L. cosentinii were screened in situ in the field against isolate MBRS-1. Five (∼1.5%) of the 328 plants of wild lupin showed an immune response, 63 (∼19%) showed an HR response, and 146 (∼45%) showed an R response. We believe this is the first examination of diverse Lupinus spp. germplasm responses to a prevalent pathotype of S. sclerotiorum . Lupin genotypes exhibiting high-level resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot identified in this study can be used as parental lines for crosses in lupin breeding programs and/or directly as improved cultivars to reduce the adverse impact of this disease on lupin crops., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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15. Hybrid RNA sequencing of broad bean wilt virus 2 from faba beans.
- Author
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Maina S, Norton SL, and Rodoni BC
- Subjects
- Australia, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Vicia faba genetics, Fabavirus genetics
- Abstract
Importance: Globally, viral diseases impair the growth and vigor of cultivated crops such as grains, leading to a significant reduction in quality, marketability, and competitiveness. As an island nation, Australia has a distinct advantage in using its border to prevent the introduction of damaging viruses, which threaten the continental agricultural sector. However, breeding programs in Australia rely on imported seeds as new sources of genetic diversity. As such, it is critical to remain vigilant in identifying new and emerging viral pathogens, by ensuring the availability of accurate genomic diagnostic tools at the grain biosecurity border. High-throughput sequencing offers game-changing opportunities in biosecurity routine testing. Genomic results are more accurate and informative compared to traditional molecular methods or biological indexing. The present work contributes to strengthening accurate phytosanitary screening, to safeguard the Australian grains industry, and expedite germplasm release to the end users., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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