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Are students ready for jobs when it comes time to graduation? This is a common question, and one that is often addressed in the media (e.g., Collie, 2019). Despite psychology being one of the most popular degree plans for undergraduate students (e.g., Higher Education Research Institute, 2008), many students in undergraduate psychology programs fail to see the relevance and value of their degree (Borden and Rajecki, 2000). In this work, we designed, delivered, and assessed a career "conference" for students in psychology. Intentionally different from a career fair where students seek jobs, this event applied a mentorship-based conference model. In this conference model, in addition to professional development training, industry mentors who work in professional fields related to psychology were invited to provide personal insight on their careers in a small-group format. Critical to this model, students were encouraged and able to ask questions that may not be appropriate for a job fair where hiring is happening. Further, this career model involved intentional connections with our Career Services office, allowing for programmatic delivery of career-based content within the domain-specific event. We provide early empirical evidence that this method of career development supports students in learning about career paths that psychology can lead to, identifying skills that will assist them in finding a career, feeling confident in their ability to network effectively, and feeling more connected with professionals in careers related to psychology. We suggest that this model may be beneficial across disciplines.

Obtaining and submitting documentation related to disabilities to instructors is a known barrier to students accessing necessary accommodations. We assessed whether the implementation of a universal course design procedure, an automatic re-weight for students who missed a midterm exam without requiring documentation, was associated with differences in midterm examination attendance relative to a previous course offering when documentation was required for such an absence. In 2018, a large (n = 1897) first-year course introduced a fall midterm examination that required documentation for assessment reweights resulting from a missed exam, and in 2019 (n = 1795) assessments were automatically (i.e., no documentation required) re-weighted for students who missed the exam. We expected that the midterm attendance rate for the 2019 (no documentation required) exam would be significantly lower than the 2018 fall midterm exam attendance rate. However, our results revealed that removing the requirement for documentation was not associated with an increase in exam absences. These findings indicate that flexible practices can be effective in promoting accessibility while not significantly affecting student engagement and completion of summative assessments. However, we did not assess for any differences in learning because of this missed testing practice, and there are limitations such that these findings may not generalize to other student populations. We call for further discussion and research with respect to the learning-related consequences of re-weighting assessments.

Multi-disciplinary programs are growing, and serve an integral role in fostering knowledge transfer among disciplines and the community. Despite their importance, relatively little has been written on how to foster success in multidisciplinary higher education engagement initiatives, particularly in ways that encompass service-learning. The current work highlights unique multi-disciplinary needs for knowledge transfer, critical and creative thinking, and building bridges between academia and practice. The SOLL model, a sustainable, integrative framework that encompasses lecture, operative, and service-learning, is summarized as one way in which to meet such multi-disciplinary needs. The current work discusses two applications of this model in graduate and undergraduate consumer science engagement initiatives.

The anteromedial temporal region and the lateral wall of the sphenoid can be the site of an array of pathology including trigeminal schwannoma, encephalocele, cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex, malignancy, infection, and sellar pathology extending to the lateral cavernous sinus. Approaches to this region are technically challenging and the existing approach requires sacrifice of all of the turbinates including the nasolacrimal duct, which can cause postoperative complications. We describe a novel anatomical landmark between the periorbita and the periosteum of the pterygopalatine fossa (which is located at the inferolateral periorbital periosteal line [ILPPL]). The posterior one-third of the incision line lies between the foramen rotundum and the superior orbital fissure, which is proximal to the maxillary strut. A 1.5-cm incision can divide the orbital and pterygoid contents and lead us to the posterior inferolateral orbital region, anteromedial temporal region, lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus, and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. A combined multiangled approach to the ILPPL will enable us to preserve all of the turbinates and the septum, and the nasolacrimal duct, allowing for the preservation of the physiological function and pedicled flaps, such as the middle turbinate, inferior turbinate, and septal membrane flap. The ILPPL is a simple, effective, and novel landmark for the minimally invasive approach to the anteromedial temporal fossa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: All intranasal corticosteroid spray formulations are safe to use in patients on pre‐exposure prophylaxis.Beclomethasone nasal spray can be used safely with all HAART and PrEP regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Priming is a psychological phenomenon where subconscious cues in the environment impact our behavioral responses in certain situations. Well studied in the worlds of business, marketing, and even politics, it is unclear how the priming phenomenon impacts patient perception of their own disease state nor how they report that perception using tools like the Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22), used to measure that perception in chronic rhinosinusitis. Objective: To determine the impact of positive or negative priming on self-reported patient perception of their chronic rhinosinusitis disease using the SNOT-22 disease-specific quality of life instrument. Methods: Single-blind, randomized, prospective cohort pilot study of 206 consecutive adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis presenting to a university rhinology clinic. Patients were randomized to receive "positive priming" (103) or "negative priming" (103) by reading a passage about the positive or negative aspects of chronic sinusitis and its treatment respectively. Patients were then asked to fill out the SNOT-22 and results between the two groups were compared. Results: The negative priming group had a higher median SNOT-22 score of 49 [IQR = 39] compared to the positive priming groups' score of 22 [IQR = 27], p < 0.0001), a difference of nearly three times the minimal clinical impactful difference (MCID). This effect was consistent regardless of age or sex of the patient. Subgroup analysis revealed a greater impact when priming was performed by the senior male attending regardless of patient age or sex (p < 0.001), while priming performed by the younger female research fellow had greater impact on older patients (>59 years, p = 0.001) and female patients (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Priming impacts how patient's perceive their chronic rhinosinusitis as determined by the SNOT-22. It is imperative that the rhinologist understand this when using this instrument in research applications and in clinical decision-making for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: Our findings suggest that primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)‐related chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a more significant impact on quality of life than CRS without nasal polyps and cystic fibrosis (CF).PCD and CF have similar mucociliary clearance defects, yet sinonasal symptom severity varies between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare autoimmune disease that affects small to medium-sized blood vessels throughout the body. Here, we present a case of an infratemporal mass that was the result of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A 51-year-old male presented to the emergency department due to right cheek and facial pain that he had been experiencing for 2 to 3 months. An MRI revealed a mass within the right infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae extending into the inferior right orbital fissure along the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2) and the vidian nerve causing concern for malignancy. Histology from an endoscopic biopsy demonstrated multiple arteries with luminal obliteration with non-necrotizing granulomas. The patient was started on steroids and immunosuppressive therapy, which improved his symptoms and decreased the size of the residual mass. This case illustrates the need for laboratory testing, imaging, and biopsy of the involved tissue in cases where GPA is suspected to prevent treatment delays that could lead to the destruction of vital organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although compliments can be an effective compliance tactic, little is known about the reasons for their effectiveness. Two studies tested three potential mechanisms underlying the use of compliments as a compliance tactic: reciprocity, positive mood, and liking. In both studies, participants were either primed with the reciprocity norm or not, then received either complimentary or neutral feedback from a stranger. Participants were later faced with a request from the stranger. Mood, liking for the requestor, and compliance were measured. As predicted, compliments increased compliance in both studies. Neither study found evidence for positive mood nor liking as a mediator of the compliment effect. However, reciprocity priming was found to moderate the compliment effect in both studies, suggesting that compliments are effective, at least in part, because they invoke the reciprocity norm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Balloon sinuplasty is increasingly used in the outpatient clinic for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, but radiologic analysis of its effects on sinonasal anatomy is largely uncharacterized in the known literature. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the anatomic effects of balloon sinuplasty in a cadaveric model. Methods: Five fresh cadaver heads underwent sequential endoscopic balloon dilation of maxillary ostia, frontal recess outflow tracts, and sphenoid ostia bilaterally by fellowship-trained rhinologists. Pre- and post-procedural CT imaging was obtained. CT scans were imported into Mimics™ software and sinonasal anatomy was analyzed systematically. Results: Visual confirmation of balloon dilation was achieved in all 3 sites bilaterally in each cadaver. Radiologic analysis demonstrated that the frontal sinus outflow tract was appropriately dilated 60% (6/10 sites) of the time while the agger was inadvertently dilated 30% of the time (3/10). The sphenoid os was successfully dilated 70% (7/10 sites) of the time. In two cases, a posterior sphenoethmoid (Onodi) cell was dilated instead of the sphenoid. Successful dilation of maxillary os was noted 60% of the time (6/10 sites). No significant change in maxillary os was noted after balloon dilation. Normal middle turbinates were significantly medialized following balloon dilation 75% (6/8 sites) of the time. Conclusions: While the goal of balloon sinuplasty is to improve natural sinonasal drainage by dilating existing outflow tracts, as evidenced by radiologic evaluation the procedure appears not to achieve this in all cases, while occasionally creating unintended changes in sinonasal anatomy as well. These unrecognized changes in anatomy may be responsible for the post-procedure change in symptomatology that some patients experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a response to a letter to the editor regarding a study on sinonasal quality of life in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The authors appreciate the observations made in the letter and agree that special consideration should be given to evaluating sinonasal quality of life in pediatric PCD patients. They acknowledge the challenges of conducting research in this population and the need for validated patient-reported outcome measures. The authors express their commitment to further research in this area and look forward to continued collaboration. The study was supported by NIH grants and the authors declare no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To determine influenza (flu) vaccination status among the mentally ill population and identify factors associated with vaccination status. Method: A non-interventional, cross-sectional study was conducted. A self-administered survey to investigate the vaccination status and per-ceptions related to flu vaccine was administered between October 2011-January 2012 in an outpatient psychiatry clinic that served the indigent, severely mentally ill population of Alabama. All statistical analyses were based upon a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the 736 patients invited, 302 participated (41%). Only 28.4% were vaccinated in 2010-2011 and 24.2% had been vaccinated at the time of the survey for 2011-2012. Respondents who had private health insurance, received a recommendation from healthcare providers, and who perceived a greater degree of vaccine effectiveness were more likely to obtain flu vaccination while respondents who had education beyond high school and were more in agreement that they can get the flu from the vaccine were less likely to obtain flu vaccination. All of the above factors accounted for 26.7% of vaccination decisions. Conclusions: The flu vaccination rate among this study's population was lower than the general population. Interventions targeting the above factors should help increase vaccination rates among the mentally ill population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The 22-question SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) assesses chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) severity. We aimed to identify predictors of SNOT-22 score improvement following highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) initiation and to corroborate the SNOT-22 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF)., Methods: Prospective observational data was pooled from four studies across 10 US centers investigating people with CF (PwCF) and CRS. Three studies evaluated HEMT's impact on CRS. For participants enrolled prior to HEMT initiation, SNOT-22 scores were obtained at baseline and after 3-6 months of HEMT. Multivariate regression identified predictors of improvement. Cronbach's alpha and four distribution-based methods were used to assess internal consistency and calculate the MCID of the SNOT-22., Results: A total of 184 PwCF participated with mean baseline SNOT-22 scores ranging from 18.1 to 56.7. Cronbach's alpha was ≥0.90 across sites. Participants at sites with pre- and post-HEMT data reported improvement in SNOT-22 scores after initiating HEMT (all p < 0.05). Worse baseline SNOT-22 score (odds ratio (OR): 1.05, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08), F508del homozygosity (OR: 4.30, p = 0.040, 95% CI: 1.14-18.99), and absence of prior modulator therapy (OR: 4.99, p = 0.017, 95% CI: 1.39-20.11) were associated with greater SNOT-22 improvement. The mean MCID calculated via distribution-based methods was 8.5., Conclusion: Worse baseline sinonasal symptoms, F508del homozygosity, and absence of prior modulator therapy predicted greater improvement after HEMT initiation. The mean MCID for SNOT-22 in PwCF is 8.5 points, similar to non-CF individuals with CRS, and provides a threshold specifically for PwCF. The SNOT-22 has strong internal consistency in PwCF., Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3965-3973, 2024., (© 2024 The Authors. The Laryngoscope published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common among people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) is a validated instrument that evaluates olfactory-specific quality-of-life. The QOD minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and factors associated with olfactory improvement after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor have not been determined for PwCF., Methods: Prospective observational data were pooled from three studies that enrolled adult PwCF with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). QOD scores and disease characteristics were assessed. To evaluate internal consistency and calculate the QOD MCID, Cronbach's alpha and four distribution-based methods were employed. For participants who enrolled prior to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, QOD scores were obtained at baseline and after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor initiation. Multivariable regression was used to identify factors associated with QOD improvement., Results: Of 129 PwCF included, 65 had QOD scores before and 3-6 months after starting elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. Mean baseline QOD score was 6.5 ± 7.9. Mean Cronbach's alpha was ≥0.85. The MCID estimates were as follows: Cohen's effect size = 1.6, standard error of measurement = 2.5, ½ baseline standard deviation = 4.0, and minimal detectable change = 6.9. Mean MCID was 3.7. Of those with pre/post elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor QOD scores, the mean change in QOD was -1.3 ± 5.4. After elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, QOD improvement surpassed the MCID in 22% of participants (14/65). Worse baseline QOD scores and nasal polyps were associated with improved QOD scores after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (both p < 0.04)., Conclusion: The QOD MCID in PwCF was estimated to be 3.7. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor led to qualitative but not clinically meaningful improvements in QOD score for most PwCF; PwCF with worse baseline QOD scores and nasal polyps improved in a clinically significant manner., (© 2023 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.)