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Low expression of certain ribosomal proteins leads to the inactivation of p53, which is mediated mainly by RPL5 or RPL11 (ribosomal protein L11). It is also unknown what mechanisms drive aberrant ribosomal proteins expression in tumor. SRBD1 (S1 RNA‐binding domain 1), as a highly conserved RNA‐binding protein, is lowly expressed in glioma tissues and correlated with glioma prognosis. In this study, we observed that SRBD1 was closely related to p53 signaling. The upregulation of SRBD1 elevated p53 levels, thereby activating the p53 signaling pathway. As an RNA bind protein, SRBD1 could bind to the 5′‐UTR of target genes and regulate RNA translation. We further conducted RNA immunoprecipitation using anti‐SRDB1 antibody and noticed 29 hub RNA, including RPL11. RPL11 could inhibit MDM2‐mediated p53 ubiquitination. SRBD1 upregulation promoted RPL11 binding to MDM2 via elevating RPL11 protein levels, which in turn activated the p53 signaling. Disrupting the p53 signaling blocked SRBD1‐induced glioma suppression. In mouse xenograft model, SRBD1 ectopic expression was effective in reducing the total M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) density and suppressed glioma tumor growth. In summary, these data show that SRBD1 has a critical role in inhibition of glioma tumor growth and M2 macrophage polarization, and targeting RPL11‐MDM2‐p53 signaling may be an effective strategy to improve therapy and survival for glioma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with malignant glioma often suffered from depression, which leads to an increased risk of detrimental outcomes. Imipramine, an FDA‐approved tricyclic antidepressant, has been commonly used to relieve depressive symptoms in the clinic. Recently, imipramine has been reported to participate in the suppression of tumour progression in several human cancers, including prostate cancer, colon cancer and lymphomas. However, the effect of imipramine on malignant glioma is largely unclear. Here, we show that imipramine significantly retarded proliferation of immortalized and primary glioma cells. Mechanistically, imipramine suppressed tumour proliferation by inhibiting yes‐associated protein (YAP), a recognized oncogene in glioma, independent of Hippo pathway. In addition to inhibiting YAP transcription, imipramine also promoted the subcellular translocation of YAP from nucleus into cytoplasm. Consistently, imipramine administration significantly reduced orthotopic tumour progression and prolonged survival of tumour‐bearing mice. Moreover, exogenous overexpression of YAP partially restored the inhibitory effect of imipramine on glioma progression. Most importantly, compared with imipramine or temozolomide (TMZ) monotherapy, combination therapy with imipramine and TMZ exhibited enhanced inhibitory effect on glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the synergism of both agents. In conclusion, we found that tricyclic antidepressant imipramine impedes glioma progression by inhibiting YAP. In addition, combination therapy with imipramine and TMZ may potentially serve as promising anti‐glioma regimens, thus predicting a broad prospect of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BiOI/TiO2 heterostructures with microsphere morphology were successfully synthesized via a solvent-thermal method. The photocatalytic performance of BiOI/TiO2 heterostructures was investigated via the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The results indicate that the BiOI/TiO2 heterostructures exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance with a maximum RhB degradation rate of 91% after 2 h of visible light irradiation, and the RhB molecules were mainly degraded by the holes and superoxide radicals. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the heterostructures was mainly ascribed to its large specific surface areas and the reduced recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, which caused by the introduction of TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gliomas result in the highest morbidity and mortality rates of intracranial primary central nervous system tumors because of their aggressive growth characteristics and high postoperative recurrence. They are characterized by genetic instability, intratumoral histopathological variability and unpredictable clinical behavior in patients. Proliferation is a key aspect of the clinical progression of malignant gliomas, complicating complete surgical resection and enabling tumor regrowth and further proliferation of the surviving tumor cells. Methods: The expression of Fstl1 was detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. We used cell proliferation and colony formation assays to measure proliferation. Then, flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle progression. The expression of Fstl1, p-Smad1/5/8 and p21 in GBM tissue sections was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, we used coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunoprecipitation to validate the relationship between Fstl1, BMP4 and BMPR2. Finally, we used orthotopic xenograft studies to measure the growth of tumors in vivo. Results: We found that follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) was upregulated in highgrade glioma specimens and that its levels correlated with poor prognosis. Fstl1 upregulation increased cell proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle progression, while its knockdown inhibited these processes. Moreover, Fstl1 interacted with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, but not BMP receptor (BMPR) 2, and competitively inhibited their association. Furthermore, Fstl1 overexpression suppressed the activation of the BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway, while BMP4 overexpression reversed this effect. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that Fstl1 promoted glioma growth through the BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway, and these findings suggest potential new glioblastoma treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) at two concentrations (0.05 and 0.1 mM) through ultrasonic irradiation at 585 kHz was studied under the air-, oxygen-, argon-, and nitrogen-saturated conditions. Effects of H2O2 on the degradation of IBP were also studied. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers (isopropyl alcohol and terephthalic acid) was used to derive and compare the reaction constants of IBP in the three zones (the cavitation bubble, the bulk solution, and the supercritical interface) formed during ultrasonic irradiation. Some results are as follows: first, degradation pathways proceed through first-order kinetics in all experiments by ultrasonic irradiation; second, IBP degradation rate was faster at the lower IBP concentration of 0.05 mM; third, additions of H2O2 from 0 to 5 mM could accelerate the degradation of IBP. In addition, degradation of IBP by γ-radiolysis was also compared to the degradation by ultrasonic irradiation under the air-, nitrous oxide-, and argon-saturated conditions. Results indicated that IBP degradation per unit energy during ultrasonic irradiation was only about 0.01% of that in γ-radiolysis at both IBP concentrations. Pathways of IBP degradation in both ultrasonic irradiation and γ-radiolysis were proposed based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, which mainly differed in the exclusive formation of two 5-membered ring products in γ-radiolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work investigates pollutant removal and the transformation of nitrogen from sewage wastewater using a pilot-scale multi-stage bio-vermifilter system. Over a study period of 48 weeks, the pollutant removal performance of the system was measured and the effects of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and dry-wet ratio (D/W) were estimated. The relationship between oxygen transfer rate and load of oxygen necessity was calculated and analysed for system optimisation. The method for diluting the isotope δN-NO was applied to study nitrogen transfer. Moreover, statistical correlations were analysed to determine the crucial factors which influence nitrogen transfer efficiency. The system removes pollutants efficiently; specifically, the average removal efficiencies are 94.2 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 93.3 % for NH-N, and 58.2 % for total nitrogen (T-N). Lowering HLR and D/W can enhance nitrogen removal. Nitrogen speciation and transformation were examined under an optimised condition with an HLR of 0.36 m day and a D/W of 3. The results of isotope δN-NO dilution showed that NO-N was mainly produced in trickling bio-filter and vermibio-filter (VBF) I. By contrast, NO-N was mainly reduced in VBF II. Under stable operating conditions and environmental factors, COD/T-N was verified as the crucial factor in nitrogen removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]