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The use of plant extracts as potent reducing agents for the environmentally friendly production of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently attracted the interest of scientists. NPs have received high attention because of their novel properties. The aim of the present study is to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Raphanus sativus and study their effect as antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, and antidiabetic, agents, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, and inducers of phagocytosis and autophagy. The antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral activities of ZnO NPs were investigated using different assays: well diffusion assay, MTT assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis assay. Meanwhile, immunofluorescent assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry were used for detection of autophagy and phagocytosis. Docking was also achieved to study their binding mode as well as affinity within the target enzymes (glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase) (PDB:1MOQ) active site, estrogen receptor (PDB:3ERT) active site, and tubulin receptor (PDB:4O2B) active site. The results demonstrated that the ZnO NPs have an inhibitory role against bacteria and the proliferation of lung cancer cells (A549). IC50 was 22.78 µg/mL for A549 cells. For MCF-10, was 272.24 µg/mL, antiviral activity against influenza virus, and antidiabetic agent. Conversely, the results showed the ability of ZnO NPs to reduce inflammasome activity via induction of autophagy. The study’s findings show that R. sativus can be easily and effectively used to synthesize ZnO NPs, and they also highlight the ZnO NPs’ considerable potential as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, antidiabetic agent, and phagocytosis and autophagy inducer. Based on our findings, the green synthesized ZnO NPs could be used as promising therapeutic agents for biomedical applications.

In recent years, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential medicinal applications, including cancer therapy, antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity. Manufacturing V2O5 NPs is a crucial step in developing these applications, and laser ablation in solution has proven to be a particularly successful technique. Following fabrication, colloidal solutions were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this work, XRD study revealed that the produced NPs had an orthorhombic phase. Based on the laser energy, nanosized vanadium pentoxide particles were created by laser irradiating a vanadium bulk submerged in a double deionized water (DDW), resulting in spherical particles with average sizes ranging from 15.4 to 33.8 nm, as shown by TEM micrographs. Conforming to the quantum size concept, the bandgap energy of V2O5 NPs is higher than that of bulk V2O5 due to the decrease in particle size. This study examined the effectiveness of V2O5 NPs against pathogenic bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus as Gram's positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as negative Gram's bacteria. Then, we evaluated anticancer activity of V2O5 NPs against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using MTT assay. The results reveal that the activity of prepared V2O5 NPs against S. aureus is greater than that of E. coli. The findings suggest that prepared NPs can act as an anti-proliferative agent against MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, the produced NPs might be exploited as a future strategy for other biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we used a pulsed laser deposition technique to embed TiO2 nanostructure on porous silicon substrates using a pulsed laser deposition process. Nanocrystalline porous silicon was synthesized using the photo-assisted electrochemical method. The study analyzed the optoelectronic characteristics of double junctions of TiO2/PS/n-Si structures as well as the PS/n-Si structure. We investigated the properties of TiO2/PS/n-Si and PS/n-Si structures, focusing on their structural, optical, and electrical features under ambient conditions. The XRD measurement indicated the formation of the anatase and rutile tetragonal phases with the preferred orientation anatase (101) plane in the prepared sample. The mean sizes of The TiO2 nanostructures deposited onto porous silicon substrates range from 45.97 to 109.23 nm. The degree of pore filling depends upon the laser fluences employed, varying from moderate to close to complete packing. The optical properties of TiO2/PS/n-Si structures showed decreasing reflectance after depositing on porous silicon. The TiO2 nanostructure produced on porous silicon exhibits five different spectra in the UV and visible range, as displayed in the room-temperature photoluminescence analysis. The current density–voltage characteristics of formed samples in dark and photoilluminated conditions are examined at room temperature. The properties of the TiO2/PS/n-Si structure enhance those of the PS/n-Si device. The highest specific detectivity of the TiO2/PS/n-Si devices is 32.45 × 1010 Jones in the visible region, while the ultraviolet region is 30.04 × 1010 Jones. The TiO2/PS/n-Si photodetectors possess an optimal relative quantum efficiency of 80.1% in the near UV region, whereas, in the visible range, the values of relative quantum efficiency are 51.8% at 531 nm and 54.5% at 634 nm. The findings reveal that formed photodetectors exhibit UV and visible light sensitivity after depositing TiO2 layers on porous silicon. However, the photodetectors produced using TiO2 nanostructures placed on porous silicon demonstrate greater sensitivity than those made from as-synthesized porous silicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we used the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method to make Au:MgO nanoparticles on porous silicon (PS) substrates. The optical characteristics, crystallinity and surface morphology of generated Au:MgO nanoparticles have been investigated with utilizing XRD, TEM, AFM, UV–Vis, PL and fabrication of gas sensors examined at various laser energies. Au:MgO nanoparticles have been manufactured by pulsed laser ablation method (Q-switched) fundamental 1064-nm Nd:YAG, at different laser energies 600, 800 and 1000 mJ and 100 shots, and then sedimentation on surface of PS (porous silicon) layer prepared by photoelectrochemical etching method. The properties of samples are analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction), AFM (atomic force microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope). The prepared samples were spherical nanoparticles with an average of roughness and diameter 13.4 and 36.76 nm. The production of approximately spherical core- shell of Au:MgO NPs is indicated by TEM with a mean particle size of 10–55 nm. Also the face cubic-centered shape of Au:MgO NPs is revealed by XRD. Eventually, the diversity of running temperature on the sensor sensitivity, recovery times and the time of response for NO2 and H2S gas sensors fabricated from prepared specimens was studied. The maximal sensitivity of Au:MgO NPs/PS excised by laser energy of 800 mJ of NO2 gas was evaluated as 41.1%, while the maximal sensitivity of Au:MgO NPs/PS excised with a pulsed laser of 1000 mJ of H2S gas is much greater compared to NO2 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]