188 results on '"Navas González, Francisco Javier"'
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2. Evaluation of the effect of the addition of an olive oil-derived antioxidant (Pectoliv-80A) in the extender for cryopreservation of rooster sperm through the use of a discriminant statistical tool
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Díaz Ruiz, Esther, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Fernández-Bolaños Guzmán, Juan, Bermúdez Oria, Alejandra, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
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- 2024
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3. Mathematical modeling of egg production curve in a multivariety endangered hen breed
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Gónzalez Ariza, Antonio, Arando Arbulu, Ander, León Jurado, José Manuel, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Nogales Baena, Sergio, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
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- 2022
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4. Data mining-based discriminant analysis as a tool for the study of egg quality in native hen breeds
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González Ariza, Antonio, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, José Manuel, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
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- 2022
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5. Bayesian evaluation of the effect of non-genetic factors on the phenomics for quality-related milk nutrients and yield in Murciano-Granadina goats
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Pizarro Inostroza, María Gabriela, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, Jose Manuel, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Fernández Álvarez, Javier, and Martínez Martínez, María del Amparo
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- 2022
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6. Study of variability of cognitive performance in captive fallow deer (Dama dama) through g and c factors
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Pastrana, Carlos Iglesias, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Pizarro Inostroza, María Gabriela, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Ruiz Aguilera, Maria Josefa
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- 2022
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7. Effect of Supplementation of a Cryopreservation Extender with Pectoliv30 on Post-Thawing Semen Quality Parameters in Rooster Species.
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Díaz Ruiz, Esther, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, León Jurado, José Manuel, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Fernández-Bolaños Guzmán, Juan, Bermúdez Oria, Alejandra, and González Ariza, Antonio
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GERMPLASM conservation ,SEMEN analysis ,POULTRY breeding ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,ROOSTERS ,FROZEN semen - Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a fundamental tool for the conservation of avian genetic resources; however, avian spermatozoa are susceptible to this process. To cope with the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the addition of exogenous antioxidants is beneficial. Pectoliv30 is a substance derived from alperujo, and in this study, its effect was analyzed on seminal quality after its addition to the cryopreservation extender of roosters at different concentrations. For this purpose, 16 Utrerana breed roosters were used, and seminal collection was performed in six replicates, creating a pool for each working day with ejaculates of quality. After cryopreservation, one sample per treatment and replicate was thawed, and several seminal quality parameters were evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed numerous correlations between these variables, both positive and negative according to the correlation matrix obtained. Furthermore, the chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree (DT) reported significant differences in the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) variable between groups. Moreover, results for this parameter were more desirable at high concentrations of Pectoliv30. The application of this substance extracted from the by-product alperujo as an antioxidant allows the improvement of the post-thawing seminal quality in roosters and facilitates optimization of the cryopreservation process as a way to improve the conservation programs of different endangered poultry breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Data-Mining Methodology to Improve the Scientific Production Quality in Turkey Meat and Carcass Characterization Studies.
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Salgado Pardo, José Ignacio, Navas González, Francisco Javier, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Carolino, Nuno, Carolino, Inês, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
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SCIENTIFIC method , *COLORIMETRY , *LIVESTOCK productivity , *SHEARING force , *DECISION trees , *MEAT quality - Abstract
Simple Summary: Simple Summary: Currently, research on livestock production suffers from isolation from other disciplines and a generalist nature, which makes publishing in top-tier journals a very difficult task. This situation is even more drastic when it comes to turkey meat research, which is an underdeveloped area that has historically suffered from a lack of resources compared to other species. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to develop a tool that allows researchers to determine which carcass and meat quality traits are related to increased interest by the scientific community and the quality standards of the journals in which studies are published. Variables improving journal standards include carcass dressing traits, muscle fibers properties, pH, colorimetry, some texture and water captivity traits, and chemical composition. Contrarily, carcass or piece yield is not a recommended variable to be performed in studies, as this parameter did not show a clear impact on publication quality. Finally, measures after 72 h are contraindicated since they showed a correlation with poor journal quality standards. Thus, this work can be used as a guideline for designing turkey carcass and meat quality studies, describing parameters to prioritize in order to maximize the impact quality of publication in the scientific community. The present research aims to describe how turkey meat and carcass quality traits define the interest of the scientific community through the quality standards of journals in which studies are published. To this end, an analysis of 92 research documents addressing the study of turkey carcass and meat quality over the last 57 years was performed. Meat and carcass quality attributes were dependent variables and included traits related to carcass dressing, muscle fiber, pH, colorimetry, water-holding capacity, texture, and chemical composition. The independent variables comprised publication quality traits, including journal indexation, database, journal impact factor (JIF), quartile, publication area, and JIF percentage. For each dependent variable, a data-mining chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was developed. Carcass or piece yield was the only variable that did not show an impact on the publication quality. Moreover, color and pH measurements taken at 72 h postmortem showed a negative impact on publication interest. On the other hand, variables including water-retaining attributes, colorimetry, pH, chemical composition, and shear force traits stood out among the quality-enhancing variables due to their low inclusion in papers, while high standards improved power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. A tool for functional selection of leisure camels: Behaviour breeding criteria may ensure long-term sustainability of a European unique breed
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Ciani, Elena, González Ariza, Antonio, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
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- 2021
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10. Hen breed and variety factors as a source of variability for the chemical composition of eggs
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González Ariza, Antonio, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
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- 2021
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11. Nonparametric analysis of noncognitive determinants of response type, intensity, mood, and learning in donkeys (Equus asinus)
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Navas González, Francisco Javier, Vidal, Jordi Jordana, León Jurado, José Manuel, McLean, Amy Katherine, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
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- 2020
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12. Molecular inference in the colonization of cattle in Ecuador
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Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Barba Capote, Cecilio José, Aguirre Riofrío, Edgar Lenin, Cabezas Congo, Ronald, Cevallos Falquez, Orly Fernando, Rizzo Zamora, Lauden Geobakg, Vargas Burgos, Julio Cesar, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Álvarez Franco, Luz Ángela, Biobovis, Consorcio, and Martínez Martínez, Amparo
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- 2020
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13. Genetic diversity evolution of a sheep breed reintroduced after extinction: Tracing back Christopher Columbus' first imported sheep
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Casanovas Arias, David, León Jurado, José Manuel, Bermejo Asensio, Luis Alberto, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Marín Navas, Carmen, and Barba Capote, Cecilio José
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- 2020
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14. Effects of meteorology and lunar cycle on the post-thawing quality of avian sperm.
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Díaz Ruiz, Esther, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Arando Arbulu, Ander, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
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LUNAR phases ,SPERMATOZOA ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,NEW moon ,ANIMAL reproduction - Abstract
Introduction: Various climatological and lunar cycle parameters have a direct impact on animal reproduction, and in the case of the avian species, spermatozoa are extremely sensitive to heat stress. These parameters could influence sperm freezability, which will ultimately affect post-thawing semen quality, being sperm motility in roosters a relevant indicator of this quality as it is highly related to fertility. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to determine which are the climatological and lunar cycle parameters that have a greater effect on sperm freezability in roosters. Methods: Sperm was obtained from 16 Utrerana breed roosters and a total of 27 replicates were performed. A pool was made with those ejaculates that met the minimum quality criteria for each replicate, and four freezing-thawing samples per replicate were analyzed. The straws were thawed, and sperm motility was evaluated, classifying the results obtained into four seminal quality groups according to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Group 1: Good, Group 2: Satisfactory, Group 3: Acceptable but undesirable and Group 4: Unsatisfactory). The following traits were recorded for each day of semen collection: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, maximum barometric pressure, minimum barometric pressure, maximum gust, wind direction, mean wind speed, sunshine hours, rainfall, moon phase, and percentage of illuminated lunar surface over the total area. Results: A discriminant canonical analysis was performed to determine which of these parameters offered the most information when classifying an ejaculate in each quality group, with minimum temperature, the new moon as moon phase, minimum barometric pressure, and rainfall being the most significant variables. Discussion: According to the results obtained, semen quality decreases when temperature and precipitation are lower, pressure is higher, and when there is a new moon phase. Therefore, these environmental conditions should be avoided for sperm collection and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Analysis of Endangered Andalusian Black Cattle (Negra Andaluza) Reveals Genetic Reservoir for Bovine Black Trunk.
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Cartuche Macas, Luis Favian, Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Marín Navas, Carmen, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
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Simple Summary: This study reveals a significant decline in the Black Andalusian cattle breed population due to agricultural changes and foreign breed introductions, leading to smaller herds and a shift in the male-to-female ratio. Although inbreeding rates are low, there is concern over assortative mating. Key ancestors influence genetic diversity, with variations in population size and geographic subpopulations. Historical transhumance routes, notably the Cañadas Reales, impact genetic connections. Conservation efforts, including breed association initiatives, have increased registrations, but challenges persist, requiring genealogical registration, targeted breeding, and collaborative efforts. Monitoring and adjusting selection practices are crucial to maintaining genetic diversity. Continued proactive measures are essential for conserving the Black Andalusian breed's genetic viability, acknowledging historical factors, and addressing contemporary challenges. This comprehensive study on the Andalusian Black cattle breed reveals a substantial population decline, with the average herd size decreasing significantly from 305.54 to 88.28 animals per herd. This decline is primarily attributed to agricultural changes and the introduction of foreign meat-focused breeds. The male-to-female ratio shift is noteworthy, with more cows than bulls, impacting selection intensity for both genders. Inbreeding levels, though relatively low historically (5.94%) and currently (7.23%), raise concerns as 37.08% historically and 48.82% currently of the animals exhibit inbreeding. Positive assortative mating is evident, reflected by the increasing non-random mating coefficient (α). Key ancestors play a crucial role in shaping genetic diversity, with one ancestor significantly influencing the current genetic pool and the top 10 ancestors contributing substantially. Breed maintains a conservation index of 2.75, indicating relatively high genetic diversity. Recent conservation efforts have led to an increase in registered animals. The Cañadas Reales, historical transhumance routes, may have contributed to genetic connections among provinces. Challenges include the historical bottleneck, demographic changes, and potential impacts from reproductive practices. The Andalusian Black breed's conservation necessitates ongoing efforts in genealogical registration, targeted breeding programs, and collaborative initiatives to address the observed demographic shifts and ensure sustainable genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Impact of breeding for coat and spotting patterns on the population structure and genetic diversity of an islander endangered dog breed
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Marín Navas, Carmen, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Castillo López, Vanesa, Payeras Capellà, Llorenç, Gómez Fernández, Mariano, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
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- 2020
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17. White-naped mangabeys’ viable insurance population within European Zoo Network
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Ruiz Aguilera, María Josefa, Dávila García, José Antonio, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Abelló, María Teresa
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- 2021
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18. Dumb or smart asses? Donkey's (Equus asinus) cognitive capabilities share the heritability and variation patterns of human's (Homo sapiens) cognitive capabilities
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Navas González, Francisco Javier, Jordana Vidal, Jordi, León Jurado, José Manuel, McLean, Amy Katherine, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
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- 2019
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19. Integrated Discriminant Evaluation of Molecular Genetic Markers and Genetic Diversity Parameters of Endangered Balearic Dog Breeds.
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Alanzor Puente, José Manuel, Pons Barro, Águeda Laura, González Ariza, Antonio, Martínez Martínez, María del Amparo, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
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DOG breeds ,GENETIC variation ,GENETIC markers ,INBREEDING ,HETEROZYGOSITY ,MICROSATELLITE repeats - Abstract
The genetic diversity analysis of six dog breeds, including Ca de Bestiar (CB), Ca de Bou (CBOU), Podenco Ibicenco (PI), Ca Rater (CR), Ca Mè (CM), and Ca de Conills (CC), reveals insightful findings. CB showcases the highest mean number of alleles (6.17) and heterozygosity values, with significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) observed in five markers, indicating high intra-racial genetic diversity (average observed heterozygosity (H
o ) = 0.754, expected heterozygosity (He ) = 0.761). In contrast, CBOU presents the lowest mean number of alleles (5.05) and heterozygosity values, coupled with moderate polymorphic information content (PIC) values and a moderate level of intra-racial genetic diversity (average Ho = 0.313, He = 0.394). PI demonstrates moderate genetic diversity with an average of 5.75 alleles and highly informative PIC values, while CR displays robust genetic diversity with an average of 6.61 alleles and deviations from equilibrium, indicating potential risks of inbreeding (average Ho = 0.563, He = 0.658). CM exhibits moderate genetic diversity and deviations from equilibrium, similar to CBOU, with an average of 6.5 alleles and moderate PIC values (average Ho = 0.598, He = 0.676). Conversely, CC shows a wider range of allelic diversity and deviations from equilibrium (average Ho = 0.611, He = 0.706), suggesting a more diverse genetic background. Inter-racial analysis underscores distinct genetic differentiation between breeds, emphasizing the importance of informed breeding decisions and proactive genetic management strategies to preserve diversity, promote breed health, and ensure long-term sustainability across all breeds studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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20. Modeling Climate Change Effects on Genetic Diversity of an Endangered Horse Breed Using Canonical Correlations.
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Marín Navas, Carmen, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, McLean, Amy Katherine, León Jurado, José Manuel, Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
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CLIMATE change models ,HORSE breeding ,HORSE breeds ,GENETIC variation ,CLIMATE extremes ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Simple Summary: Gene pools are the foundation for autochthonous breeds' improved resilience and adaptability to climate-change-derived extreme climatic conditions. Modeling climate change's impact on the genetic diversity of domestic animals may help predict challenging situations. However, short life cycles and a lack of historical data for extended periods greatly compromise the evaluation of climate change effects. Preserving these domestic resources offers breeding alternatives for those seeking enhanced adaptability. From 1950 to 2019, the long-existing information and international character of the Hispano-Arabian horse breed made it an excellent model for studying other international populations. Wind speed, gust speed, or barometric pressure have greater impacts than extreme temperatures on genetic diversity. Extreme climate conditions may prompt breeders and owners to implement effective short- to medium-term strategies that enhance breed sustainability and the capacity to respond to extreme climate events in the long run. Domestic population preservation can catalyze regulatory changes occurring during breeds' climate change adaptive process and identify genes that confer greater adaptability while maintaining enhanced performance. This model aids in determining how owners should plan their breeding strategies to obtain more resilient animals adapted to climate-extreme conditions as an efficient alternative to increase profitability and ensure sustainability in these populations. The historical increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events in Spain during the last thirty years makes it a perfect location for the evaluation of climate change. Modeling the effects of climate change on domestic animals' genetic diversity may help to anticipate challenging situations. However, animal populations' short life cycle and patent lack of historical information during extended periods of time drastically compromise the evaluation of climate change effects. Locally adapted breeds' gene pool is the base for their improved resilience and plasticity in response to climate change's extreme climatic conditions. The preservation of these domestic resources offers selection alternatives to breeders who seek such improved adaptability. The Spanish endangered autochthonous Hispano-Arabian horse breed is perfectly adapted to the conditions of the territory where it was created, developed, and widespread worldwide. The possibility to trace genetic diversity in the Hispano-Arabian breed back around seven decades and its global ubiquity make this breed an idoneous reference subject to act as a model for other international populations. Climate change's shaping effects on the genetic diversity of the Hispano-Arabian horse breed's historical population were monitored from 1950 to 2019 and evaluated. Wind speed, gust speed, or barometric pressure have greater repercussions than extreme temperatures on genetic diversity. Extreme climate conditions, rather than average modifications of climate, may push breeders/owners to implement effective strategies in the short to medium term, but the effect will be plausible in the long term due to breed sustainability and enhanced capacity of response to extreme climate events. When extreme climatic conditions occur, breeders opt for mating highly diverse unrelated individuals, avoiding the production of a large number of offspring. People in charge of domestic population conservation act as catalyzers of the regulatory changes occurring during breeds' climate change adaptive process and may identify genes conferring their animals with greater adaptability but still maintaining enhanced performance. This model assists in determining how owners of endangered domestic populations should plan their breeding strategies, seeking the obtention of animals more resilient and adapted to climate-extreme conditions. This efficient alternative is focused on the obtention of increased profitability from this population and in turn ensuring their sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Discriminant canonical analysis as a tool for genotype traceability testing based on turkey meat and carcass traits.
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Salgado Pardo, José Ignacio, González Ariza, Antonio, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, José Manuel, Díaz Ruiz, Esther, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
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DISCRIMINANT analysis ,MEAT ,GENOTYPES ,MEAT quality ,MULTICOLLINEARITY - Abstract
The present study aims to develop a statistical tool for turkey breed traceability testing based on meat and carcass quality characteristics. To this end, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed, collecting data from a total of 75 studies approaching meat and carcass attributes of 37 turkey strains and landraces since the late 1960s. A total of 22 meat and carcass traits were considered variables, grouped in the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, colorimetry, water-capacity traits, texture-related attributes, and nutritional composition of the meat. Once the multicollinearity analysis allowed the deletion of redundant variables, cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, muscle fiber diameter, sex-female, carcass/piece weight, meat redness, ashes, pH24, meat lightness, moisture, fat, and water-holding capacity showed explanatory properties in the discriminating analysis (p < 0.05). In addition, strong positive and negative correlations were found among those variables studied. Carcass traits were positively associated, particularly slaughter weight and cold carcass weight (+0.561). Among meat physical traits, pH showed positive correlations with drip loss (+0.490) and pH24 (+0.327), and water-holding capacity was positively associated with cholesterol (+0.434) and negatively associated with collagen (-0.398). According to nutritional traits, fat and ash showed a strong correlation (+0.595), and both were negatively associated with moisture (-0.375 and -0.498, respectively). Strong negative correlations were found as well between meat protein and fat (-0.460) and between collagen and cholesterol (-0.654). Finally, the Mahalanobis distance suggested a clustering pattern based on meat and carcass characteristics that report information about interbreeding and variety proximity. This study establishes a departure point in the development of a tool for breed traceability guaranteeing aimed at enhancing distinguished, local breed-based turkey meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Thermographic ranges of dromedary camels during physical exercise: applications for physical health/welfare monitoring and phenotypic selection.
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Ciani, Elena, Marín Navas, Carmen, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
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CAMELS ,BODY surface area ,SHOULDER joint ,PHYSIOLOGICAL stress ,SKIN temperature ,WHEAT breeding - Abstract
Despite the relatively wide knowledge of camel biomechanics, research into the immediate functional response that accompanies the execution of physical exercise remains unapproached. Therefore, selective breeding programs lack an empirical basis to achieve genetic improvement of physical stress tolerance traits and monitor camel welfare in this regard. Given the fact that physical exercise increases net heat production, infrared thermography (IRT) was selected to study the temperature changes at the skin surface of the different body areas in clinically normal dromedary camels, mostly relegated to leisure activities. Specifically, a lower dispersion at the individual level of the surface temperature at the scapular cartilage region, shoulder joint, and pelvis region, as well as lower values for Tmax and Tmin at the region of the ocular region, pectoral muscles, semimembranosus-semitendinosus muscles, and hind fetlock after exercise, have to be considered as breeding criteria for candidate selection. Such thermophysiological responses can be used as indirect measures of tissue activity in response to exercise and hence are reliable indicators of animal tolerance to physical exercise-induced stress. Additionally, sex, castration, age, and iris pigmentation significantly impacted the thermo-physiological response to exercise in the study sample, which can be attributed to hormones, general vigor, and visual acuity-mediated effects. These specific factors' influence has to be considered for the evaluation of physical performance and the design of selection schemes for physical-related traits in dromedaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Can Scientists Influence Donkey Welfare? Historical Perspective and a Contemporary View
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McLean, Amy K. and Navas Gonzalez, Francisco Javier
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- 2018
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24. A Quality Assurance Discrimination Tool for the Evaluation of Satellite Laboratory Practice Excellence in the Context of the European Official Meat Inspection for Trichinella spp.
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Villegas-Pérez, José, Navas-González, Francisco Javier, Serrano, Salud, García-Viejo, Fernando, and Buffoni, Leandro
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MEAT inspection ,TRICHINELLA ,QUALITY assurance ,FOODBORNE diseases ,ZOONOSES - Abstract
Trichinellosis is a parasitic foodborne zoonotic disease transmitted by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing the first larval stage (L1) of the nematode. To ensure the quality and safety of food intended for human consumption, meat inspection for detection of Trichinella spp. larvae is a mandatory procedure according to EU regulations. The implementation of quality assurance practices in laboratories that are responsible for Trichinella spp. detection is essential given that the detection of this parasite is still a pivotal threat to public health, and it is included in list A of Annex I, Directive 2003/99/EC, which determines the agents to be monitored on a mandatory basis. A Quality Management System (QMS) was applied to slaughterhouses and game handling establishments conducting Trichinella spp. testing without official accreditation but under the supervision of the relevant authority. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of implementing the QMS in slaughterhouses and game handling establishments involved in Trichinella testing in southern Spain. Canonical discriminant analyses (CDAs) were performed to design a tool enabling the classification of SLs while determining whether linear combinations of measures of quality-assurance-related traits describe within- and between-SL clustering patterns. The participation of two or more auditors improves the homogeneity of the results deriving from audits. However, when training expertise ensures that such levels of inter-/intralaboratory homogeneity are reached, auditors can perform single audits and act as potential trainers for other auditors. Additionally, technical procedure issues were the primary risk factors identified during audits, which suggests that they should be considered a critical control point within the QMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Study of Meat and Carcass Quality-Related Traits in Turkey Populations through Discriminant Canonical Analysis.
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Salgado Pardo, José Ignacio, Navas González, Francisco Javier, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Galán Luque, Inés, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
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DISCRIMINANT analysis ,TURKEYS ,WILD turkey ,MEAT ,BAYESIAN analysis ,LAMB (Meat) - Abstract
The present research aimed to determine the main differences in meat and carcass quality traits among turkey genotypes worldwide and describe the clustering patterns through the use of a discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 75 documents discussing carcass and meat characteristics in the turkey species was performed. Meat and carcass attributes of nine different turkey populations were collected and grouped in terms of the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, color-related traits, water-retaining characteristics, texture-related traits, and meat chemical composition. The Bayesian ANOVA analysis reported that the majority of variables statistically differed (p < 0.05), and the multicollinearity analysis revealed the absence of redundancy problems among variables (VIF < 5). The DCA reported that cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, sex-male, carcass/piece weight, and the protein and fat composition of meat were the traits explaining variability among different turkey genotypes (Wilks' lambda: 0.488, 0.590, 0.905, 0.906, 0.937, and 0.944, respectively). The combination of traits in the first three dimensions explained 94.93% variability among groups. Mahalanobis distances cladogram-grouped populations following a cluster pattern and suggest its applicability as indicative of a turkey genotype's traceability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. Discriminant Analysis and Data Mining CHAID Decision Tree as Tools to Evaluate the Buffering Effect of Hydroxytyrosol on Reactive Oxygen Species in Rooster Sperm Cryopreservation.
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Díaz Ruiz, Esther, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Bermúdez Oria, Alejandra, Fernández Prior, África, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
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FROZEN semen ,SPERMATOZOA ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,DECISION trees ,SEMEN analysis ,DATA mining - Abstract
Simple Summary: For the conservation of genetic resources in avian species, semen freezing is very helpful. The disadvantage of this process is that spermatozoa suffer different types of damage. Exogenous antioxidants can be added to the cryopreservation extender to mitigate this damage. This study aimed to test whether the addition of different hydroxytyrosol (HT; an antioxidant derived from olive oil) concentrations produces beneficial effects in the sperm of a local avian breed (Utrerana roosters). For this purpose, different semen quality parameters, which fell under the following macro-areas were evaluated in both fresh and thawed semen: motility, morphology, membrane functionality, and flow-cytometry-related traits. At the statistical level, a descriptive analysis and a canonical discriminant analysis were performed, which allowed us to extract valuable information about the different studied variables. Lastly, a chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree (DT) was carried out and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) variable was found to have the highest power to discriminate between the different treatments according to the HT concentration. Low or no HT concentrations resulted in higher ROS values, and therefore, possible mechanical damage unrelated to plasma membrane peroxidation can be produced in the frozen–thawed rooster spermatozoa. Sperm cryopreservation is effective in safeguarding genetic biodiversity in avian species. However, during this process, spermatozoa are very susceptible to plasma membrane peroxidation in the presence of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To mitigate this effect, the addition of exogenous antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; HT), an antioxidant derived from olive oil, to the cryopreservation sperm diluent, could be useful. To verify this, a cryopreservation diluent was supplemented with different concentrations (0 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 150 μg/mL) of HT. For this, semen was collected in 10 replicates from 16 roosters of the Utrerana avian breed, and a pool was prepared with the optimum quality ejaculates in each replicate. After cryopreservation, spermatozoa were thawed and different in vitro semen quality parameters were evaluated. A discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was carried out and revealed that total motility (TM; Lambda = 0.301, F = 26,173), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST; Lambda = 0.338, F = 22,065), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, Lambda = 0.442; F = 14,180) were the variables with the highest discriminant power. Finally, a chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree (DT) was performed excluding fresh semen samples and ROS was found to be the most valuable variable to discriminate between the different established freezing groups. Samples in the absence of HT or with low concentrations of this antioxidant showed less desirable ROS values in cryopreserved rooster semen. The present study could lead to the improvement of cryopreservation techniques for the genetic material of local poultry breeds and optimize the conservation programs of endangered native avian breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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27. Genetic parameter estimation and implementation of the genetic evaluation for gaits in a breeding program for assisted-therapy in donkeys
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Navas González, Francisco Javier, Jordana Vidal, Jordi, León Jurado, Jose Manuel, McLean, Amy Katherine, Pizarro Inostroza, Gabriela, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Traditional sexing methods and external egg characteristics combination allow highly accurate early sex determination in an endangered native turkey breed
- Author
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Salgado Pardo J.I., Navas González, Francisco Javier, González Ariza, Antonio, Arando Arbulu A., León Jurado J.M., and Delgado Bermejo J.V.
- Abstract
Early sex determination methods are not only crucial in the worldwide massive poultry industry, but also for small-holder producers. The profitability of sexing techniques must be accounted for when aiming to boost management, nutrition, and conservation practices in endangered poultry breeds. This becomes pivotal when the local breed dealt with belongs to an understudied species, such as the turkey. So, the main objective of this study is to identify which method combination may report a higher likelihood of successful sex determination in poults across the three-pattern varieties of the Andalusian turkey breed. A total of 84 one to two days old Andalusian turkey poults (42 black, 28 black-roan, and 14 bronze-roan) were evaluated in this study. Sex determination was performed using 15 methods, which included testing external egg metrics and eggshell color, poult morphological appraisal and phaneroptics, and behavioral traits. Possible differences across plumage varieties and the interaction between sex and plumage were observed when external egg quality was measured. Sex determination through behavioral methods in black base feathered (black and black-roan) male sex individuals showed seven times higher sensitivity when compared to the rest of the studied individuals (χ2= 7.14, df = 1, P < 0.01). In contrast, for the black-roan plumage females, the method based on the color of down feathers was approximately four times more sensitive (χ2= 3.95, df = 1, P ≤ 0.05). For the bronze-roan pattern, none of the sexing techniques was reported to efficiently predict sex itself. However, the most proper method combination to determine sex, independent of plumage color, was physical external egg characteristics, the color of down feathers, and behavioral approaches (“English method” and “slap technique”). The specificity values were found to be 49.12, 93.33, and 100%, while the sensitivity values were observed to be 74.64, 91.03, and 100%, which translated into accuracy of 63.10, 92.26, and 100% in black, black-roan, and bronze-roan poults, respectively. Our results suggest that the method combination tested in this study could be considered a highly accurate, simple, and affordable alternative for sex determination in turkeys. This could mean a pivotal advance for small producers of turkeys, as early sex detection can help to plan timely conservational management strategies, which is of prominent importance in the context of endangered poultry breeds. Copyright © 2022 Salgado Pardo, Navas González, González Ariza, Arando Arbulu, León Jurado, Delgado Bermejo and Camacho Vallejo.
- Published
- 2022
29. Do Pharaohs' cattle still graze the Nile Valley? Genetic characterization of the Egyptian Baladi cattle breed.
- Author
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Molina Flores, Baldomero, Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Navas González, Francisco Javier, and Martínez, María del Amparo
- Subjects
CATTLE breeding ,CATTLE breeds ,CATTLE ,ZEBUS ,GRAZING ,GERMPLASM - Abstract
Egyptian Baladi cattle is one of the few native taurine breeds which remain in the original domestication area of Bos taurus, the Nile Valley (Upper Egypt). Apart from its evolutive relevance, the breed is well-adapted and integrated into the traditional family farming systems, with great potentialities for local sustainable rural development. The diversity and structure of the Baladi population were assessed using 28 genetic microsatellite markers. Within and between-breeds diversity, its relations with other cattle breeds, and an inference on its origin and evolution, were analyzed. Results reported high levels of diversity, with an average number of alleles (Na) of 11.39, observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.68, and expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.75. The studied population was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium, which could be ascribed to its internal structure. The comparison between breeds using factorial correspondence analysis, Reynolds genetic distance evaluation, and genetic structure analysis suggested slight influences of Bos indicus. Upper Egypt's rural communities have preserved the Baladi cattle breed, protecting this historical and biological heritage against the constant and indiscriminate introduction of exotic genetic resources along the history of development of the breed. Developing and implementing conservation and breeding programs is crucial for the preservation and improvement of the breed. Baladi cattle breed is a well-defined and highly diverse breed. Higher diversity levels are found in northern and central governorates. A clear geographical cluster is formed around the Nile Delta. Baladi cattle may be reminiscent of the ancient 'pharaoh' cattle. Assiut's population acted as the most ancestral population nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Lunar Cycle, Climate, and Onset of Parturition in Domestic Dromedary Camels: Implications of Species-Specific Metabolic Economy and Social Ecology.
- Author
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Ciani, Elena
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL ecology , *LUNAR phases , *CAMELS , *NONPROFIT sector , *DURATION of pregnancy , *PARTURITION , *FEMALES , *INFANTS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Despite traditional reports on the ability of female dromedaries to modulate pregnancy length in response to environmental conditions, no empirical study has been developed. According to the present results, female dromedaries would adjust the onset of parturition to give birth around darker and, therefore, safer nights since social communication and interaction between congeners are increased under dim light conditions, mostly mediated by hormonal signals. Furthermore, the time of delivery, a highly energy-demanding process, may also be modulated by mean wind speed and its transient increases since these weather variables affect the thermal comfort and, thus, the heat transfer between an animal and its environment and the individual energy budget. Gravid females may be more energetically compromised when the offspring is a male; hence, the onset of parturition for the newborns of the male sex will be more probable to occur on slightly brighter nights and when mean wind speed is lower when compared to their female counterparts. Such specific phenology would favor a proper multisensory interaction between the mother and the more immature male young at neonatal stages so that thermoregulatory demands are minimized for these reproductive tasks, and then the fitness of parents and the survival of offspring are improved. Given energy costs for gestating and caring for male offspring are higher than those of female newborns, external environmental conditions might be regarded as likely to affect the timing of delivery processes differentially depending on the sex of the newborn calf to be delivered. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the association between environmental stressors such as the moon phase and weather-related factors and the onset of labor in female dromedaries. A binary logistic regression model was developed to find the most parsimonious set of variables that are most effective in predicting the probability for a gravid female dromedary to give birth to a male or a female calf, assuming that higher gestational costs and longer labor times are ascribed to the production of a male offspring. Although the differences in the quantitative distribution of spontaneous onset of labor across lunar phases and the mean climate per onset event along the whole study period were deemed nonsignificant (p > 0.05), a non-negligible prediction effect of a new moon, mean wind speed and maximum wind gust was present. At slightly brighter nights and lower mean wind speeds, a calf is more likely to be male. This microevolutionary response to the external environment may have been driven by physiological and behavioral adaptation of metabolic economy and social ecology to give birth to cooperative groups with the best possible reduction of thermoregulatory demands. Model performance indexes then highlighted the heterothermic character of camels to greatly minimize the impact of the external environment. The overall results will also enrich the general knowledge of the interplay between homeostasis and arid and semi-arid environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
31. Analysis of the Genetic Parameters for Dairy Linear Appraisal and Zoometric Traits: A Tool to Enhance the Applicability of Murciano-Granadina Goats Major Areas Evaluation System.
- Author
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Fernández Álvarez, Javier, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, Jose Manuel, Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
- *
GOAT milk , *GOAT breeds , *GOATS , *GENETIC correlations , *LINEAR systems , *PHENOTYPES - Abstract
Simple Summary: Murciano-Granadina has drifted towards better dairy-linked conformation traits without losing the grounds of the zoometric basis which confers it with an enhanced adaptability to the environment. Consequently, international Linear Appraisal Systems (LAS) may not fit the zoometric variability reality of autochthonous breeds, such as the Murciano-Granadina goat. LAS panels comprise large numbers of traits which makes selection for dairy conformation a complex and time costly task, hence selection practices focusing on major areas is often suggested. The evaluation of genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameters for each zoometric/LAS trait individually and of the pairwise relationships among traits may permit the design of a solid selection strategy towards the maximization of dairy potential while making selection tasks time- and resource-efficient. Results suggest that zoometrics and LAS-derived genetic and phenotypic parameters are translatable as long as the process of collection is performed objectively by trained operators. Selection of major areas is feasible but may be conditioned to the restructuration and modification of the scales that are currently used for dairy goats. The strategies that were designed help to evaluate the momentum of selection for dairy-linked zoometric traits of the Murciano-Granadina population and its future evolution to enhance the profitability and efficiency of breeding plans. Selection for zoometrics defines individuals' productive longevity, endurance, enhanced productive abilities and consequently, their long-term profitability. When zoometric analysis is aimed at large highly selected populations or in those at different levels of selection, linear appraisal systems (LAS) provide a timely response. This study estimates genetic and phenotypic parameters for zoometric/LAS traits in Murciano-Granadina goats, estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations among all traits, and determining whether major area selection would be appropriate or if adaptability strategies may need to be followed. Heritability estimates for the zoometric/LAS traits were low to high, ranging from 0.09 to 0.43, and the accuracy of estimation has improved after decades, rendering standard errors negligible. Scale inversion of specific traits may need to be performed before major areas selection strategies are implemented. Genetic and phenotypic correlations suggests that negative selection against thicker bones and higher rear insertion heights indirectly results in the optimization of selection practices in the rest of the traits, especially those in the structure, capacity and mammary system major areas. The integration and implementation of the strategies proposed within the Murciano-Granadina breeding program maximizes selection opportunities and the sustainable international competitiveness of the Murciano-Granadina goat in the dairy goat breed panorama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Camel (Camelus spp.) Urine Bioactivity and Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Knowledge Gaps, Advances, and Directions for Future Research.
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Sgobba, Maria Noemi, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Guerra, Lorenzo, Pinto, Diana C. G. A., Gil, Ana M., Duarte, Iola F., Lentini, Giovanni, and Ciani, Elena
- Subjects
CAMEL milk ,URINE ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,CAMELS ,ANIMAL health - Abstract
Up to the present day, studies on the therapeutic properties of camel (Camelus spp.) urine and the detailed characterization of its metabolomic profile are scarce and often unrelated. Information on inter individual variability is noticeably limited, and there is a wide divergence across studies regarding the methods for sample storage, pre-processing, and extract derivatization for metabolomic analysis. Additionally, medium osmolarity is not experimentally adjusted prior to bioactivity assays. In this scenario, the methodological standardization and interdisciplinary approach of such processes will strengthen the interpretation, repeatability, and replicability of the empirical results on the compounds with bioactive properties present in camel urine. Furthermore, sample enlargement would also permit the evaluation of camel urine's intra- and interindividual variability in terms of chemical composition, bioactive effects, and efficacy, while it may also permit researchers to discriminate potential animal-intrinsic and extrinsic conditioning factors. Altogether, the results would help to evaluate the role of camel urine as a natural source for the identification and extraction of specific novel bioactive substances that may deserve isolated chemical and pharmacognostic investigations through preclinical tests to determine their biological activity and the suitability of their safety profile for their potential inclusion in therapeutic formulas for improving human and animal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Applicability of an international linear appraisal system in Murciano-Granadina breed: fitting, zoometry correspondence inconsistencies, and improving strategies.
- Author
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Fernández Álvarez, Javier, León Jurado, Jose Manuel, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
LINEAR systems ,GOAT breeds ,ANIMAL populations ,YOUNG adults ,GOATS ,STATURE - Abstract
Linear appraisal systems (LAS) are effective strategies to systematically collect zoometric information from animal populations. Traditionally applied LAS in goats was developed considering the variability and scales found in highly selected breeds. As a result, traditional LAS may no longer cover the different contexts of goat breeds widespread throughout the world, and departures from normality may be indicative of the different stages of selection at which a certain population can be found. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution and symmetry properties of twenty-eight zoometric traits. After symmetry analysis was performed, the scale readjustment proposal suggested specific strategies should be implemented such as scale reduction of lower or upper levels, determination of a setup moment to evaluate and collect information from young (up to 2 years) and adult bucks (over 2 years), the addition of upper categories in males due to upper values in the scale being incorrectly clustered together. The particular analysis of each variable permits determining specific strategies for each trait and serve as a model for other breeds, either selected or in terms of selection. Specific strategies must be approached for each particular zoometric trait. Scale levels for limb related traits must be readjusted. An extension of the scale in the stature of males is proposed. Males must be subdivided into two categories (below and over two years). Environment adaptability shapes progress for better dairy-linked zoometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Bayesian Linear Regression and Natural Logarithmic Correction for Digital Image-Based Extraction of Linear and Tridimensional Zoometrics in Dromedary Camels.
- Author
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Ciani, Elena, Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
- *
CRONBACH'S alpha , *DIGITAL images , *CAMELS , *TAPE measures - Abstract
This study evaluates a method to accurately, repeatably, and reliably extract camel zoo-metric data (linear and tridimensional) from 2D digital images. Thirty zoometric measures, including linear and tridimensional (perimeters and girths) variables, were collected on-field with a non-elastic measuring tape. A scaled reference was used to extract measurement from images. For girths and perimeters, semimajor and semiminor axes were mathematically estimated with the function of the perimeter of an ellipse. On-field measurements' direct translation was determined when Cronbach's alpha (Cα) > 0.600 was met (first round). If not, Bayesian regression corrections were applied using live body weight and the particular digital zoometric measurement as regressors (except for foot perimeter) (second round). Last, if a certain zoometric trait still did not meet such a criterion, its natural logarithm was added (third round). Acceptable method translation consistency was reached for all the measurements after three correction rounds (Cα = 0.654 to 0.997, p < 0.0001). Afterwards, Bayesian regression corrected equations were issued. This research helps to evaluate individual conformation in a reliable contactless manner through the extraction of linear and tridimensional measures from images in dromedary camels. This is the first study to develop and correct the routinely ignored evaluation of tridimensional zoometrics from digital images in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Data Mining as a Tool to Infer Chicken Carcass and Meat Cut Quality from Autochthonous Genotypes.
- Author
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González Ariza, Antonio, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, José Manuel, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
- Subjects
- *
MEAT quality , *MEAT cuts , *DATA mining , *CHICKEN breeds , *CHICKENS , *GENOTYPES - Abstract
Simple Summary: The present study is a meta-analysis of ninety-one research documents dealing with carcass quality characterization in autochthonous chicken genotypes. Documents were published between 2002 and 2021. Data mining methods were used to determine which variables should be considered or otherwise discarded from comprehensive carcass quality differential models to improve the study's efficiency and accuracy. Even if the impact on carcass quality of certain variables such as chicken sex, meat firmness, chewiness, L* meat 72 h post-mortem, a* meat 72 h post-mortem, b* meat 72 h post-mortem, and pH 72 h post-mortem could be presumed, these should not be considered if strongly related variables are simultaneously considered too, to prevent redundancy problems. In contrast, carcass/cut weight, pH, carcass yield, slaughter age, protein, cold weight, and L* meat must be regarded strictly due to their high potential to explain differences and correctly classify carcass cuts across chicken genotypes. The standardization of characterization methods of minority populations (with limited censuses and lacking population structure, but well-adapted to alternative systems) enhances the possibility of success of the implementation of sustainable conservation strategies through the dissemination of knowledge on local breeds and the competitivization of their distinctive products within specific market niches. The present research aims to develop a carcass quality characterization methodology for minority chicken populations. The clustering patterns described across local chicken genotypes by the meat cuts from the carcass were evaluated via a comprehensive meta-analysis of ninety-one research documents published over the last 20 years. These documents characterized the meat quality of native chicken breeds. After the evaluation of their contents, thirty-nine variables were identified. Variables were sorted into eight clusters as follows; weight-related traits, water-holding capacity, colour-related traits, histological properties, texture-related traits, pH, content of flavour-related nucleotides, and gross nutrients. Multicollinearity analyses (VIF ≤ 5) were run to discard redundancies. Chicken sex, firmness, chewiness, L* meat 72 h post-mortem, a* meat 72 h post-mortem, b* meat 72 h post-mortem, and pH 72 h post-mortem were deemed redundant and discarded from the study. Data-mining chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID)-based algorithms were used to develop a decision-tree-validated tool. Certain variables such as carcass/cut weight, pH, carcass yield, slaughter age, protein, cold weight, and L* meat reported a high explanatory potential. These outcomes act as a reference guide to be followed when designing studies of carcass quality-related traits in local native breeds and market commercialization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Variability of Meat and Carcass Quality from Worldwide Native Chicken Breeds.
- Author
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González Ariza, Antonio, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Arando Arbulu, Ander, León Jurado, José Manuel, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
- Subjects
CHICKEN breeds ,MEAT quality ,POULTRY breeding ,BIRD populations ,POULTRY as food ,SHEARING force - Abstract
The present research aimed to determine the differential clustering patterns of carcass and meat quality traits in local chicken breeds from around the world and to develop a method to productively characterize minority bird populations. For this, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 91 research documents that dealt with the study of chicken local breeds through the last 20 years was performed. Thirty-nine traits were sorted into the following clusters: weight-related traits, histological properties, pH, color traits, water-holding capacity, texture-related traits, flavor content-related nucleotides, and gross nutrients. Multicollinearity problems reported for pH 72 h post mortem, L* meat 72 h post mortem, a* meat 72 h post mortem, sex, firmness, and chewiness, were thus discarded from further analyses (VIF < 5). Data-mining cross-validation and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree development allowed us to detect similarities across genotypes. Easily collectable trait, such as shear force, muscle fiber diameter, carcass/pieces weight, and pH, presented high explanatory potential of breed variability. Hence, the aforementioned variables must be considered in the experimental methodology of characterization of carcass and meat from native genotypes. This research enables the characterization of local chicken populations to satisfy the needs of specific commercial niches for poultry meat consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Candidate Genes and Their Expressions Involved in the Regulation of Milk and Meat Production and Quality in Goats (Capra hircus).
- Author
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Salgado Pardo, Jose Ignacio, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, González Ariza, Antonio, León Jurado, José Manuel, Marín Navas, Carmen, Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Martínez Martínez, María del Amparo, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
MILKFAT ,GOAT breeds ,GENETIC regulation ,GOATS ,MILK yield ,MEAT quality ,STEROL regulatory element-binding proteins - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Organización Estructural de la Diversidad Genética y Caracterización Etofuncional en la Raza Asnal Andaluza
- Author
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Navas González, Francisco Javier, Delgado-Bermejo, J.V., and Jordana, J.
- Subjects
Heritability ,Donkeys ,Andalusian donkey breed ,Animal behaviour ,Genetic parameters ,Genetic diversity ,Animal cognition - Abstract
Tools allowing to understand the evolution of donkey populations in time, the future trends that these populations describe, and the factors conditioning such trends, become invaluably critical when aiming at preserving and later recovering such populations from their endangerment status. Basing on the characteristic lack of information regarding the genealogical background of donkey populations and taking a particular breed as an example, it is possible to infer a model to assess the genetic and demographical structure of other international endangered donkey populations. Then, we can plot selection strategies to implement once such populations have reached the sufficient number of individuals, and are supported by solid enough structures. Microsatellite-tested pedigree analyses were carried out to study the genetic diversity, structure and historical evolution of the Andalusian donkey breed since the 1980s. Despite mean inbreeding was low, highly inbred animals were present. The effective population size based on individual inbreeding rate was about half when based on individual coancestry rate. Nei's distances and equivalent subpopulations number indicated differentiated farms in a highly structured population. Although genetic diversity loss since the founder generations could be considered small, intraherd breeding policies and the excessive contribution of few ancestors to the gene pool could lead to narrower pedigree bottlenecks. Long average generation intervals could be considered when reducing inbreeding. Wright's fixation statistics indicated slight inbreeding between farms. Pedigree shallowness suggested applying new breeding strategies to reliably estimate descriptive parameters and control the negative effects of inbreeding, which could indeed, mean the key to preserve such valuable animal resources avoiding the extinction they potentially head towards. Diversity studies render especially important in donkeys as they reveal the genetic background in the populations and the starting point for making decisions on whether to apply conservation or breeding plans in this functionally misallocated species. Once genetic diversity parameters are balanced, finding new niches for donkeys becomes potentially the most relevant aim to approach in the midterm future for the species. Selection strategies in donkeys are approached from three different perspectives; donkey-assisted therapy and therapeutic riding, fertility and disease resistance, not only as a way to widen the functional spectrum of opportunities of donkeys but also to lengthen their useful lives, and improve their life quality and welfare. Studying the specific genetic background behind functional traits enables quantifying the degree in which such features pass from jacks and jennies onto the new foal generations. As a genetic term, environment means all influences other than inherited factors. Controlling the environmental factors conditioning the expression of certain functional features help to build animal models shedding light in the genetic fraction involved in such functional traits. The functional performance of 300 microsatellite-assisted parentage tested donkeys was studied using REML and Gibbs sampling Bayesian methods for the obtention of genetic parameters and breeding values using BLUP methodology. The first functional niche for which donkeys may be well-suited is linked to their special psychological nature and physical characteristics as facilitators of learning processes and for the development of key life skills and confidence building for a wide spectrum of vulnerable people. Therapeutic riding and asinotherapy take advantage of the physical and psychological interaction between donkeys and patients given the potential application of donkey's characteristics and abilities for the treatment of specific human disorders. The selection of donkeys when the breeding criteria is their suitability for equine-assisted therapies was implemented following two different approaches; the selection for coping styles and cognitive processes and the selection for gaits and kinetics. Aiming at developing suitable models seeking the consolidation of equine assisted-therapy breeding criteria, we studied 29 factors that may potentially influence several cognitive processes in donkeys. These factors not only affect donkeys' short-term behaviour but may also determine their long-term cognitive skills from birth. Thus, animal behaviour becomes a useful tool to obtain past, present or predict information from the situation of a certain animal in a particular area. Operant conditioning and Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) synergism can provide valuable information about animals' extinction/learning and emotional status. All noncognitive animal inherent features significantly affected four variables (P
- Published
- 2019
39. Characterisation of biological growth curves of different varieties of an endangered native hen breed kept under free range conditions.
- Author
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González Ariza, Antonio, Nogales Baena, Sergio, Lupi, Teresa Marta, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, José Manuel, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
- Subjects
AKAIKE information criterion ,SEXUAL dimorphism ,HENS ,BIOLOGICAL models - Abstract
The aim of this study is to model the growth samples of four varieties (White, Black, Partridge, Franciscan) of Spanish Utrerana hen breed, which is endangered, by using Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst, Logistic and Gompertz models. For this purpose, a total of 16,235 weight data observations from 2004 animals reared in free range system were collected. Logistic was the best suited model for predicting the biological growth curve of White variety in both sexes, while Von Bertalanffy was the best fitting model for the rest of individuals of the breed, based on the 5 goodness-of-fit and flexibility criteria: Pseudo-R
2 , mean squared error, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and the biological coherence of the estimated parameters. Black variety was the heaviest, with values of 2605.96 and 2032.61 g (for males and females, respectively) for a parameter, while White variety presented the lowest maturity weight (a = 2442.99 and 1874.24 g, for males and females, respectively). Conclusively, this growth characterisation is essential for the conservation of the Utrerana hen, to search for new market niches and a greater profitability to this differentiated product. Non-linear models can explain the Utrerana hen growth. Females reach maturity earlier than males. Utrerana hen shows a strong sexual dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Optimization and Validation of a Linear Appraisal Scoring System for Milk Production-Linked Zoometric Traits in Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats and Bucks.
- Author
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Fernández Álvarez, Javier, León Jurado, Jose Manuel, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
GOATS ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,LABOR costs ,COMPLEX variables ,LINEAR systems ,DAIRY processing ,MILK - Abstract
Featured Application: Linear appraisal systems (LAS) determine individuals' degree of fitness to an optimal morphological standard. These methods are efficient tools that help saving the time, personnel and economic resources when zoometric phenotype collection is performed at large population scale. Reducing the complexity of zoometric panels may maximize phenotype collection outcomes at the minimum possible accuracy cost. Once panel optimization has succeeded, LAS/Traditional measuring validation must be performed to ensure traditional zoometric results are replicable when LAS is performed. After validation, reduced models proved to be effective to capture and predict for dairy-related zoometric variability in Murciano-Granadina bucks and does. Implementing linear appraisal systems (LAS) may reduce time, personnel and resource costs when performing large-scale zoometric collection. However, optimizing complex zoometric variable panels and validating the resulting reduced outputs may still be necessary. The lack of cross-validation may result in the loss of accuracy and value of the practices implemented. Special attention should be paid when zoometric panels are connected to economically-relevant traits such as dairy performance. This methodological proposal aims to optimize and validate LAS in opposition to the traditional measuring protocols routinely implemented in Murciano-Granadina goats. The sample comprises 41,323 LAS and traditional measuring records from 22,727 herdbook-registered primipara does, 17,111 multipara does and 1485 bucks. Each record includes information on 17 linear traits for primipara/multipara does and 10 traits for bucks. All zoometric parameters are scored on a nine-point scale. Cronbach's alpha values suggest a high internal consistency of the optimized variable panels. Model fit, variability explanation power and predictive power (mean square error (MSE), Akaike (AIC)/corrected Akaike (AICc) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC), respectively) suggest the model comprising zoometric LAS scores performs better than traditional zoometry. Optimized reduced models are able to capture variability for dairy-related zoometric traits without noticeable detrimental effects on model validity properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Non‐parametric association analysis of additive and dominance effects of casein complex SNPs on milk content and quality in Murciano‐Granadina goats.
- Author
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Pizarro Inostroza, María Gabriela, Landi, Vincenzo, Navas González, Francisco Javier, León Jurado, José Manuel, Martínez Martínez, María del Amparo, Fernández Álvarez, Javier, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
MILK quality ,MILK proteins ,MILK yield ,COMPOSITION of milk ,SOMATIC cells ,CASEINS ,LACTOSE - Abstract
Goat milk casein proteins (αS1, αS2, β and κ) are encoded by four loci (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3, respectively) clustered within 250 kb in chromosome 6. In this study, 159 Murciano‐Granadina goats were genotyped for 48 SNPs within the entire casein region. Phenotypes on milk yield and components were obtained from 2,594 dairy registries. Additive and dominance effects on milk composition and quality were studied using non‐parametric tests and principal component analysis to prevent SNPs multicollinearity. Two deletions in exon 4 (CSN1S1 and CSN3), one in exon 7 (CSN2) and one in exon 15 (CSN1S2) have been found at frequencies ranging from 0.12 to 0.50. Bonferroni‐corrected significant SNP additive and dominance effects were found for milk yield, fat, protein, dry matter and lactose, and somatic cells. Exons 15 and 7 were significantly associated with milk yield and components except for lactose and somatic cells, while exon 4 was significantly associated with milk yield and components except for protein and dry matter. SNPs' associations with somatic cells were less frequent and weaker than those with milk yield and components. As caseins increase, somatic cells decrease, reducing milk enzymatic activity and consumption suitability. Hence, including molecular information in breeding schemes may promote production efficiency, as selecting against undesirable alleles could prevent the compromises derived from their dominance effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effect of three commercial extenders on sperm motility and fertility in liquid ram semen stored at 15 °C or 5 °C.
- Author
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Arando, Ander, Delgado, Juan Vicente, León, José Manuel, Nogales, Sergio, Navas-González, Francisco Javier, Pizarro, María Gabriela, and Pérez-Marín, Carlos Carmelo
- Subjects
SPERM motility ,EGG yolk ,FROZEN semen ,SEMEN ,FERTILITY ,SKIM milk ,RANDOM access memory - Abstract
The effect of different extenders on sperm motility and fertility was evaluated during liquid storage of ram semen at 5 °C and 15 °C. The semen was collected, pooled and diluted in three commercial extenders: Inra 96® (INRA) based on skimmed milk, Biladyl® A fraction (BIL) based on egg yolk, and Ovixcell® (OVIX) based on soybean lecithin. Then, sperm motility was evaluated at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In order to evaluate fertility, samples stored at 15 °C were used after dilution in INRA and OVIX. Results showed that progressive motility was significantly higher up to 72 h of storage in sperm samples maintained at 5 °C in comparison with 15 °C, similarly for each tested diluent. When samples were stored at 5 °C in OVIX, kinematic parameters such as velocity (except curvilinear velocity, VCL), trajectory [linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB)], amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat/cross frequency (BCF) were higher than in INRA and BIL. No significant differences in pregnancy rate were detected between INRA (62.6%) and OVIX (58.9%). In conclusion, liquid storage at 5 °C with OVIX extender is an interesting option since non-animal components are used, and this extender offers similar in vitro and in vivo efficacy as other extenders containing animal components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Genetic parameter and breeding value estimation of donkeys' problem-focused coping styles.
- Author
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Navas González, Francisco Javier, Jordana Vidal, Jordi, León Jurado, José Manuel, Arando Arbulu, Ander, McLean, Amy Katherine, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
- *
DONKEYS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *STIMULUS & response (Biology) , *MOOD (Psychology) , *ARTIFICIAL selection of animals , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Donkeys are recognized therapy or leisure-riding animals. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that more reactive donkeys or those more easily engaging flight mechanisms tend to be easier to train compared to those displaying the natural donkey behaviour of fight. This context brings together the need to quantify such traits and to genetically select donkeys displaying a neutral reaction during training, because of its implication with handler/rider safety and trainability. We analysed the scores for coping style traits from 300 Andalusian donkeys from 2013 to 2015. Three scales were applied to describe donkeys’ response to 12 stimuli. Genetic parameters were estimated using multivariate models with year, sex, husbandry system and stimulus as fixed effects and age as a linear and quadratic covariable. Heritabilities were moderate, 0.18 ± 0.020 to 0.21 ± 0.021. Phenotypic correlations between intensity and mood/emotion or response type were negative and moderate (−0.21 and −0.25, respectively). Genetic correlations between the same variables were negative and moderately high (−0.46 and −0.53, respectively). Phenotypic and genetic correlations between mood/emotion and response type were positive and high (0.92 and 0.95, respectively). Breeding values enable selection methods that could lead to endangered breed preservation and genetically selecting donkeys for the uses that they may be most suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Risk factor meta-analysis and Bayesian estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for hypersensibility to cutaneous habronematidosis in donkeys.
- Author
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Navas González, Francisco Javier, Jordana Vidal, Jordi, Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza, León Jurado, Jose Manuel, De La Haba Giraldo, Manuel Rafael, Barba Capote, Cecilio, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
- Subjects
- *
SKIN diseases in animals , *DONKEYS , *HERITABILITY , *META-analysis , *BAYESIAN analysis , *DISEASES - Abstract
Cutaneous habronematidosis (CH) is a highly prevalent seasonally recurrent skin disease that affects donkeys as a result from the action of spirurid stomach worm larvae. Carrier flies mistakenly deposit these larvae on previous skin lesions or on the moisture of natural orifices, causing distress and inflicting relapsing wounds to the animals. First, we carried out a meta-analysis of the predisposing factors that could condition the development of CH in Andalusian donkeys. Second, basing on the empirical existence of an inter and intrafamilial variation previously addressed by owners, we isolated the genetic background behind the hypersensibility to this parasitological disease. To this aim, we designed a Bayesian linear model (BLM) to estimate the breeding values and genetic parameters for the hypersensibility to CH as a way to infer the potential selection suitability of this trait, seeking the improvement of donkey conservation programs. We studied the historical record of the cases of CH of 765 donkeys from 1984 to 2017. Fixed effects included birth year, birth season, sex, farm/owner, and husbandry system. Age was included as a linear and quadratic covariate. Although the effects of birth season and birth year were statistically non-significant (P > 0.05), their respective interactions with sex and farm/owner were statistically significant (P < 0.01), what translated into an increase of 40.5% in the specificity and of 0.6% of the sensibility of the model designed, when such interactions were included. Our BLM reported highly accurate genetic parameters as suggested by the low error of around 0.005, and the 95% credible interval for the heritability of ±0.0012. The CH hypersensibility heritability was 0.0346. The value of 0.1232 for additive genetic variance addresses a relatively low genetic variation in the Andalusian donkey breed. Our results suggest that farms managed under extensive husbandry conditions are the most protective ones against developing CH. Furthermore, these results provide evidence of the lack of repercussion of other factors such as age or sex. Potentially considering CH hypersensibility as a negative selection aimed goal in donkey breeding programs, may turn into a measure to improve animal welfare indirectly. However, the low heritability value makes it compulsory to control environmental factors to ensure the effectiveness of the breeding measures implemented to obtain individuals that may genetically be less prone to develop the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Process of Introduction of Australian Braford Cattle to South America: Configuration of Population Structure and Genetic Diversity Evolution.
- Author
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González, Araceli Rocío Marisel, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Crudeli, Gustavo Ángel, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza, and Quirino, Celia Raquel
- Subjects
- *
GENETIC variation , *CATTLE , *ANIMAL breeds , *EYE cancer , *ANIMAL breeding - Abstract
Simple Summary: The Braford breed originated in the USA and Australia from a cross between the Brahman and Hereford breeds to obtain animals suitable for the subtropical climate and resistant to hoof diseases, eye cancer, and ectoparasites, mainly ticks. This resistance to ticks was what attracted the attention of South American breeders, who acquired animals from Australia. The first breeder to do so was Uruguay around 1970. From then on, the breed was distributed across Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Each country has its own association of breeders, and each one keeps the herdbook of the breed where the animals are registered. Selective breeding was conducted, thereby shaping genetic diversity over the years. The analysis of the pedigree database allowed us to evaluate these changes and the evolution of diversity over time. The objective of the present work was to analyze the population structure of the Braford breed in four countries, the repercussions of founders and ancestors, and the parameters of genetic diversity to suggest effective strategies for Braford breeders. This study analyzes the evolution of the population structure and genetic diversity of Braford cattle in South America from 1949 to 2019 to suggest effective strategies for breeding in the future. The percentage of bulls historically increased. The average generational interval decreased to 11.78 years for the current population. Average inbreeding (F) and coancestry (C) are low and show a historically increasing trend (0.001% to 0.002%, respectively). The degree of nonrandom mating (α) increased from −0.0001 to 0.0001 denoting a change in the trend to mate similar individuals. The average relatedness coefficient (ΔR) increased in the current period from 0.002% to 0.004%. A single ancestor explained 4.55% to 7.22% of the population's gene pool. While the effective population size based on the individual inbreeding rate (NeFi) was 462.963, when based on the individual coancestry rate (NeCi), it was 420.168. Genetic diversity loss is small and mainly ascribed to bottlenecks (0.12%) and to unequal contributions of the founders (0.02%). Even if adequate levels of diversity can be found, practices that consider the overuse of individual bulls (conditioned by nature or not), could lead to a long-term reduction in diversity. The present results permit tailoring genetic management strategies that are perfectly adapted to the needs that the population demands internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. One Hundred Years of Coat Colour Influences on Genetic Diversity in the Process of Development of a Composite Horse Breed.
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Marín Navas, Carmen, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, McLean, Amy Katherine, León Jurado, José Manuel, Torres, Antonio Rodríguez de la Borbolla y Ruiberriz de, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
HORSE breeds ,ANIMAL coloration ,HORSE breeding ,GENETIC variation ,GENEALOGY - Abstract
Genetic diversity and demographic parameters were computed to evaluate the historic effects of coat colour segregation in the process of configuration of the Hispano-Arabian horse (Há). Pedigree records from 207,100 individuals born between 1884 and 2019 were used. Although coat colour is not a determinant for the admission of Hispano-Arabian individuals as apt for breeding, it may provide a representative visual insight into the gene contribution of Spanish Purebred horses (PRE), given many of the dilution genes described in Há are not present in the Arabian Purebred breed (PRá). The lack of consideration of coat colour inheritance patterns by the entities in charge of individual registration and the dodging behaviour of breeders towards the historic banning policies, may have acted as a buffer for diversity loss (lower than 8%). Inbreeding levels ranged from 1.81% in smokey cream horses to 8.80 for white horses. Contextually, crossbred breeding may increase the likelihood for double dilute combinations to occur as denoted by the increased number of Há horses displaying Pearl coats (53 Há against 3 PRE and 0 PRá). Bans against certain coat colours and patterns may have prevented an appropriate registration of genealogical information from the 4th generation onwards for decades. This may have brought about the elongation of generation intervals. Breeder tastes may have returned to the formerly officially-recognised coat colours (Grey and Bay) and Chestnut/Sorrel. However, coat colour conditioning effects must be evaluated timely for relatively short specific periods, as these may describe cyclic patterns already described in owners' and breeders' tastes over the centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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47. The Winner Takes it All: Risk Factors and Bayesian Modelling of the Probability of Success in Escaping from Big Cat Predation.
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Fernández Moya, Sergio, Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Marín Navas, Carmen, Ruíz Aguilera, María Josefa, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Navas González, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
PREDATION ,RISK-taking behavior ,CATS ,BAYESIAN analysis ,PARSIMONIOUS models ,PEST control ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Simple Summary: Predation is a complex behavioural interaction that is conditioned by biotic and abiotic factors. In their struggle for survival, the agents participating in the hunt interaction adapt their strategies seeking an opposite interest which leads to the same outcome, success in surviving. Predator/prey interaction data was obtained from on-line posted videos. The examination of records suggested that the species and age range of the predator, its status at the end of the hunt, the time elapsed between the sighting of its prey and the physical contact with it, the species of the prey and the relief of the land were determined success of escape of the prey in case of attack. The present study sheds light on the multietiological nature of predatory abilities and the strategies to fend off anti-predation strategies of the prey in big cats. The theoretical and empirical contents derived from this work will allow the design of environmental enrichment programs in captivity to be substantially improved by providing preys and enough space for them to express big cats predating strategies. The extrapolation of these results to domestic contexts may enable approaching selection strategies from two perspectives, with the aim to boost predating ability of domestic felids for pest control or to enhance defence in domestic ruminant prey from big cats. The individuals engaged in predation interactions modify their adaptation strategies to improve their efficiency to reach success in the fight for survival. This success is linked to either capturing prey (predator) or escaping (prey). Based on the graphic material available on digital platforms both of public and private access, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of those animal- and environment-dependent factors affecting the probability of successful escape of prey species in case of attack by big cats. Bayesian predictive analysis was performed to evaluate the outcomes derived from such factor combinations on the probability of successful escape. Predator species, age, status at the end of the hunting act, time lapse between first attention towards potential prey and first physical contact, prey species and the relief of the terrain, significantly conditioned (p < 0.05) escape success. Social cooperation in hunting may be more important in certain settings and for certain prey species than others. The most parsimonious model explained 36.5% of the variability in escaping success. These results can be useful to design translatable selective strategies not only seeking to boost predation abilities of domestic felids for pest control, but also, biological antipredator defence in potential domestic prey of big cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Youngest, the Heaviest and/or the Darkest? Selection Potentialities and Determinants of Leadership in Canarian Dromedary Camels.
- Author
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Iglesias Pastrana, Carlos, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Ciani, Elena, Arando Arbulu, Ander, and Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
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- *
CAMELS , *ANIMAL social behavior , *ANIMAL herds , *FLUID intelligence , *ANIMAL handling , *ARTIFICIAL selection of animals , *DOMESTICATION of animals - Abstract
Simple Summary: Genetic selection of camels for behavioral traits is not an extended practice in livestock scenarios. Given the existence of pleiotropic genes that influence two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits, here we studied the sociodemographic, zoometric and phaneroptical characteristics potentially determining the intraherd leadership role in Canarian camels. This local endangered breed is mainly reared in same-sex groups because of biased morphostructural preferences, that is, tourism/leisure and milk production for males and females, respectively. The attribute most influencing leadership role was sexual status, as gelded animals more frequently initiated group movements. Furthermore, younger camels were mainly endorsed as group leaders, a condition that could be ascribed to their recognized fluid intelligence and need for constant social and environmental interaction. Referring to zoometrics and phaneroptics, the heaviest and darkest-coated dromedaries were significantly more prone to reaching higher positions in the leadership hierarchy. The presence of white-haired zones in the extremities, head and neck as well as iris depigmentation had non-negligible influence on this type of social organization. This information is valuable for application both in refining animal handling procedures and in genetic selection of animals for their social behavior. Several idiosyncratic and genetically correlated traits are known to extensively influence leadership in both domestic and wild species. For minor livestock such as camels, however, this type of behavior remains loosely defined and approached only for sex-mixed herds. The interest in knowing those animal-dependent variables that make an individual more likely to emerge as a leader in a single-sex camel herd has its basis in the sex-separated breeding of Canarian dromedary camels for utilitarian purposes. By means of an ordinal logistic regression, it was found that younger, gelded animals may perform better when eliciting the joining of mates, assuming that they were castrated just before reaching sexual maturity and once they were initiated in the pertinent domestication protocol for their lifetime functionality. The higher the body weight, the significantly (p < 0.05) higher the score in the hierarchical rank when leading group movements, although this relationship appeared to be inverse for the other considered zoometric indexes. Camels with darker and substantially depigmented coats were also significantly (p < 0.05) found to be the main initiators. Routine intraherd management and leisure tourism will be thus improved in efficiency and security through the identification and selection of the best leader camels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Judgement Bias in Miniature Donkeys: Conditioning Factors and Personality Links.
- Author
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Pinto, Maria, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Heleski, Camie, and McLean, Amy
- Subjects
- *
PERSONALITY , *DONKEYS , *ANIMAL welfare , *COGNITIVE bias , *EXPECTATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Simple Summary: Optimism and pessimism may affect the way individuals perceive elements of the environment which they are surrounded by, but the mechanisms behind these processes are yet to be thoroughly described. The present study addresses judgement bias and its correlation with personality in Miniature Donkeys. Individuals were scored on eighteen personality traits and their response to an ambiguous stimulus. Judgement bias presents intrinsic individual differences. The correlation found between patience and pessimism suggests that personality-related conditions may shape the way individuals interpret new stimuli. Improving our knowledge of tools that measure donkeys' mood may play a pivotal role from an animal welfare perspective, as it may provide a better understanding of individuals' interaction among handlers, congeners, and with the environment, and issue their own verdicts after such interactions. Expectation-related bias may configure individuals' perception of their surrounding environment and of the elements present in it. This study aimed to determine the repercussions of environmental (weather elements) or subject-inherent factors (sex, age, or personality features) on judgment bias. A cognitive bias test was performed in eight Miniature jennies and four jacks. Test comprised habituation, training and testing phases during which subjects were trained on how to complete the test and scored based on their latency to approach an ambiguous stimulus. A questionnaire evaluating eleven personality features was parallelly completed by three caretakers, five operators and two care assistants to determine the links between personality features and judgment bias. Adjusted latencies did not significantly differ between sexes (Mann–Whitney test, p > 0.05). Although Miniature donkeys can discriminate positive/negative stimuli, inter-individual variability evidences were found. Such discrimination is evidenced by significant latency differences to approach positive/negative stimuli (33.7 ± 43.1 vs. 145.5 ± 53.1 s) (Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.05). Latencies significantly increased with patience, indicative of an expression of pessimism. Better understanding judgement bias mechanisms and implications may help optimize routine handling practices in the framework of animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Study of Growth and Performance in Local Chicken Breeds and Varieties: A Review of Methods and Scientific Transference.
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González Ariza, Antonio, Arando Arbulu, Ander, Navas González, Francisco Javier, Nogales Baena, Sergio, Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente, and Camacho Vallejo, María Esperanza
- Subjects
CHICKEN breeds ,POULTRY breeding ,SCIENTIFIC method ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,PERFORMANCE theory ,CENSUS - Abstract
Simple Summary: The present review evaluates twenty years (2001 to 2021) of the study of growth and performance in local chicken breeds worldwide. The assessment of methodological approaches and their constraints when intending to fit for data derived from often endangered autochthonous populations was performed. The evaluation of conditioning factors on the impact that publications reporting on research progresses in the field have on the scientific community and how such advances are valued suggests the need to seek new methodological alternatives or statistical strategies. Such strategies must meet the requirements of local populations which are characterized by reduced censuses, a lack of data structure, highly skewed sex ratios, and a large interbreed and variety variability. The sustainable conservation of these populations cannot be approached if scientific knowledge on their productive behaviour is not reinforced in a manner that allows distinctive products to be put on the market and be competitive. A review of the scientific advances in the study of the growth and performance in native chicken breeds and varieties over the past 20 years was performed. Understanding the growth patterns of native breeds can only be achieved if the constraints characterizing these populations are considered and treated accordingly. Contextually, the determination of researchers to use the same research methods and study designs applied in international commercial poultry populations conditions the accuracy of the model, variability capturing ability, and the observational or predictive performance when the data of the local population are fitted. Highly skewed sex ratios favouring females, an inappropriate census imbalance compensation and a lack of population structure render models that are regularly deemed effective as invalid to issue solid and sound conclusions. The wider the breed diversity is in a country, the higher the scientific attention paid to these populations. A detailed discussion of the most appropriate models and underlying reasons for their suitability and the reasons preventing the use of others in these populations is provided. Furthermore, the factors conditioning the scientific reception and impact of related publications used to transfer these results to the broad scientific public were evaluated to serve as guidance for the maximization of the success and dissemination of local breed information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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