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The principal's leadership plays a crucial role in shaping the work dynamics of teachers, necessitating a strong commitment to offering clear direction and active support to the teaching staff. Furthermore, a favorable work environment encourages effective communication between the principal and the teachers. This research examines the effect of transformational leadership and work climate on school teacher performance. Employing a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design, the study involved 70 respondents selected randomly from six schools with A and B accreditation. Data were gathered using validated questionnaires, and the hypothesis was tested through multiple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that transformational leadership significantly influenced teacher performance, with a t-value of 3.698 and a significance level of 0.005. Additionally, the work climate had a notable effect, reflected by a t-value of 2,842 and a significance level of 0.005. When combined, transformational leadership and work climate considerably impacted teacher performance, as evidenced by an F-value of 29.357 and a significance level of 0.000. This research underscores the critical role of principals as motivating leaders and emphasizes the importance of fostering a supportive work environment to boost teacher performance in schools.

This research analyzes the management of student entrepreneurial talent development at State Vocational Schools in Banda Aceh City. The research uses a qualitative case study type approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Research at SMK Negeri 1, SMK Negeri 2, and SMK Negeri 3 revealed several main findings. First, entrepreneurship learning planning in the three schools is carried out effectively with different strategies and focuses. Second, the implementation of entrepreneurship education shows a good approach, where each school adopts methods according to its context, cultivating various skills in its graduates. Third, despite differences in learning management, the process still follows standard guidelines and uses learning tools according to the Independent Curriculum. Obstacles included a need for more student understanding, motivation, and practicum costs. The solution includes competency tests, mid-semester exams, market days, and project assignments tailored to student competencies. Thus, vocational schools in Banda Aceh City aim to equip students with entrepreneurial intelligence and practical skills for business success.

Academic service management is the management of all activities carried out in academics to provide services to students to achieve organizational goals. The research objective is to determine academic service management, and obstacles and improve the quality of academic services at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Government Sciences, UIN Ar-Raniry. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach because this research aims to understand an interaction situation in academic services, namely to get an overview of academic service management at the Faculty of Social and Governmental Sciences (FISIP) UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis with data reduction, presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques. The results of the research, (1) academic service management is under Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) and receives direct supervision from faculty leaders; (2) there are still problems such as unstable electricity, network errors, officer discipline; (3) efforts to improve the quality of academic services by trying to provide excellent service through recording attendance lists; serving registration according to procedures and without favoritism, printing KRS and KHS, giving directions, getting around so as not to clash with lecture schedules; dress neatly to facilitate the implementation of student exams.

AbstractAceh grappled with political conflict with the Indonesian government from 1973 to 2005, which coincided with the devastating impact of the mega earthquake and tsunami on December 26, 2004. Subsequently, the province faced the global outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the education quality of the youth in this province by considering the various complex challenges they encounter over time is warranted. This study sought to describe the implementation of integrated total quality management and explore the correlation and relationship among customer satisfaction, leadership, and control/evaluation regarding the quality of online teaching and learning (QOLT) within senior high schools in Aceh Province, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 200 participants completed online survey questionnaires for data collection. The findings revealed that all independent variables (customer satisfaction, leadership, and control/evaluation) significantly influenced QOLT. However, a weak relationship existed between customer satisfaction and control/evaluation, and the correlation between leadership and control/evaluation was less pronounced. Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrated total quality management in enhancing QOLT in Aceh Province during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings contribute to the understanding of the factors that impact education quality and can inform strategies for improving the effectiveness of the education system in similar contexts.

The head of Madrasah has a role in the performance of PAI (Islamic Religious Education) teachers, namely clinical supervision of teacher learning activities. The purpose of this study is to describe how the implementation of clinical supervision for teachers in PAI learning in SD Banda Aceh City. The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The standard of data validity in qualitative research refers to the standards of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis with data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are the madrasah principal has carried out clinical supervision of PAI teachers in Banda Aceh City, there are three stages of the clinical supervision process, namely, the initial meeting stage, the observation stage and the final meeting stage. Of the three stages of the clinical supervision process for PAI teachers, the principal has carried out the clinical supervision process properly and correctly.

The purpose of this study is to describe how the principal's communication management in improving teacher performance at SMA Banda Aceh. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri Banda Aceh, namely SMAN 4 which is located in Kuta Alam District, Banda Aceh City. The sample in this study consisted of the Principal, Deputy Principal and Teachers. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews. The standard of data validity in qualitative research refers to the standards of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis with data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study concluded that the pattern of communication between the principal and the teacher council in improving teacher performance. The pattern of communication carried out by the principal has been going well by creating a harmonious family atmosphere in the form of interpersonal communication in the form of primary and secondary and linear communication patterns in improving teacher performance, increasing teacher performance at Banda Aceh High School. Implementation of communication between the head of school and the teacher council in improving teacher performance. The obstacles that occur in communication between the principal and the teacher council are technical communication barriers, and semantic barriers.

Education financing and contribution to education financing at the Course and Training Institute (LKP) at LKP Uswatun Hasanah is carried out through the implementation of management functions, namely planning, implementation, supervision and accountability. This study aims to determine the planning, use, supervision, and financial accountability at LKP Uswatun Hasanah in Aceh Besar District. The research approach is descriptive method. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation studies as well as data analysis techniques used including data reduction activities, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. Research subjects are LKP leaders, secretaries, instructors and treasurers of financial management management at LKP Uswatun Hasanah, Aceh Besar District. The results of the study show: (1) Program planning is carried out based on technical instructions for meeting 8 national education standards as a reference by involving the LKP Treasurer and secretary, and the lack of instructor involvement in the planned budgeting process, (2) The use of government assistance and student tuition funds is implemented. in accordance with the technical instructions and the planned program, (3) Supervision of the use of government assistance funds and student tuition funds is carried out by the head of the institution, the Education Office and the inspectorate. Supervision is carried out by comparing the planned program with its implementation, and (4) accountability for the use of funds has been carried out with the treasurer and secretary of the institution.

This study aims to determine the implementation of the principal's academic supervision based on the implementation program, supervision, supporting and inhibiting factors in online learning during the covid-19 period at a state junior high school in Pidie Jaya. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation study. The research subjects were school principals and teachers, totalling 12 respondents. The data analysis used was reduction techniques, data presentation, data interpretation and data verification. The results showed (1)The planning of the principal's academic supervision is carried out by establishing cooperation between teachers, principals and related parties for the achievement of learning quality. (2) The implementation of the principal's academic supervision is carried out by observing teachers doing online learning through competency standards, basic competencies, success indicators, and teaching materials. In addition, the presentation of fun material, the use of appropriate methods, and the presence of media are integrated indicators to determine the success of learning. (3) The existence of teacher awareness, good teacher perceptions, and support from parents to students are supporting factors for academic supervision so that the implementation runs successfully during the covid-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to examine teachers' abilities in organizing, implementing and overcoming obstacles to implementing academic supervision programs to enhance their pedagogical competence. Using observation, interviews, and documentation studies, qualitative methods, and data gathering approaches were utilized for data collection. The subjects of the study were the principals of three high schools in Aceh and the biology professors from each school. The results demonstrated that the planning was developed through conversation with the teacher to identify problems, implementation approaches, and clinical supervision implementers. The program implementation plan incorporates all Education Office personnel, managers, and school principals. However, many teachers still do not understand academic supervision, both in terms of how it is implemented and its function, and there is a lack of supervisors to solve academic supervision problems. However, the implementation of academic supervision is facilitated by the high willingness of teachers to carry out academic supervision and their strong support from the Department of Education

Principals as supervisors are required to have knowledge, attitudes, and skills in management and leadership so that they can carry out their duties, in this case carrying out managerial supervision. This study aims to explain the principal's managerial supervision program in improving school performance, implementation of managerial supervision, evaluation of the implementation of managerial supervision, and factors that influence the success and obstacles in implementing managerial supervision in schools. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation studies. The research subjects were the principal, vice principal, teachers and school supervisors. The research results show that: (1) The school program is prepared or planned at the time of the new school year work meeting, which contains the principal's supervision program. The supervision program includes a schedule for the implementation of supervision; (2) managerial supervision by the principal in its implementation has not been so maximal; (3) Evaluation of managerial supervision is carried out by looking at the performance of teachers and staff. Meanwhile, the follow-up actions taken are verbal warnings, other than personal reprimands will also be delivered at a general meeting; (4) Supporting factors include support from the local government, the education office and school supervisors as well as the willingness of school residents to learn and improve their quality. Inhibiting factors include the limited time of the principal and also the lack of community support for the school.

Academic supervision is a process taken by the principal to assist teachers in increasing their ability to manage the effective learning. This study aims to determine the program, implementation, role of supervisors, supporting and inhibiting factors for the principal's academic supervision in improving online learning during the covid-19 period at SMPN 19 in Banda Aceh. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation study. The research subjects were school principals and teachers. The data analysis used was reduction techniques, data presentation, data interpretation and data verification. The results showed that: the effectiveness of the implementation of academic supervision of school principals in the Covid-19 pandemic at SMPN 19 Percontohan in Banda Aceh was seen from : (1) The planning for the academic supervision of school principal is conducted by cooperating with all education stakeholders in providing quality education as determined by all parties, including teachers and school principal. (2) The implementation of the academic supervision of the principal is conducted by seeing the teacher perform the distance learning and offline learning through lesson planning which includes competency standards, basic competencies, indicators of success, and teaching materials, the presentation of fun material, the use of appropriate methods, the existence of media to support the learning process and assignments that are able to measure all student abilities. (3) The principal provides guidance, direction, and guidance to teachers who still have weaknesses and deficiencies in managing learning; (4) The supporting factors for academic supervision are the high of teacher awareness, good teacher perceptions of academic supervision, and motivation / support from parents to students.

The purpose of this study was to document the principal's efforts in overseeing teachers as they implemented in the learning process during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The descriptive method with a qualitative approach was employed in this study. Interviews and observation were used to acquire data. Purposive sampling was used to select the research subjects. The researchers determined the validity of the human instruments themselves. The data analysis process included data reduction, presentation of the data, and conclusion formation. The findings indicated that education supervision in Public Senior High School Bandar Baru District, Pidie Jaya Regency, occurred in different levels, including planning, implementation, and follow-up (evaluation). The principal is responsible for academic oversight, assisted by the vice-principal and senior teachers.

Abstract: In achieving the management objectives used and the resources that run them, this research objectives are: knowing the planning, use, supervision, control, and obstacle of BOS fund management to improve the quality of learning. The data collection method used qualitative method and data collection techniques through: observation, interviews and documentation studies. The research subjects were the principal, vice principal, treasurer, school committee, vice curriculum, and teachers. The results showed that the planning was formulated through RAPBS or RKAS by involving the deputy head, treasurer and committee, the use of funds in accordance with technical guidelines, supervision carried out by schools and agencies, accountability in the form of reports reported by the treasurer, and the obstacles faced were the procurement of school necessities that are not as desired. This means that when procuring high-quality school needs, it must adjust to standard quality, then there will be no BOS fund overrun. Abstrak: Dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi dipengaruhi manajemen yang diterapkan dan sumber daya yang menjalankannya, sesuai dengan itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui perencanaan, penggunaan, pengawasan, pertanggungjawaban serta kendala dalam pengelolaan dana BOS untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui: observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, bendahara, komite sekolah, wakilkurikulum, dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perencanaan dirumuskan melalui RAPBS atau RKAS dengan melibatkan Wakil Kepala, bendahara serta komite, penggunaan dana sesuai dengan juknis, pengawasan dilaksanakan oleh pihak sekolah dan dinas, pertanggungjawaban berupa laporan yang dilaporkan oleh bendahara, dan kendala yang dihadapi adalah pengadaan barang kebutuhan sekolah yang terkadang tidak sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Artinya pada saat pengadaan kebutuhan sekolah dengan kualitas tinggi harus menyesuaikan kualitas yang standar tidak terjadi pembengkakan dana BOS.

This study aims to obtain empirical data about academic supervision in improving teacher professionalism at Lhokseumawe State Vocational High School. Academic supervision must be based on data, objective facts. Academic supervision is routine work that supervisors must carry out because of a dynamic curriculum that requires improvement in both documentation and contextually in the field. The method in this research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The primary data sources of this study were obtained from direct interviews with informants consisting of school principals, teachers, and students, results from observations, and secondary sources obtained from various studies of documents, texts, and archives related to the implementation of Academic Supervision. The principal has carried out academic supervision in improving teacher professionalism, evidenced by the planning of supervision schedules, implementing, assessing the results of teacher performance using learning instruments prepared, and following up on the results of learning supervision. Supervision theory has been implemented well, one of which is directive supervision in learning and implementing initial meetings with teacher interviews carried out before implementing supervision.

Abstract: To face the minimum competency assessment, preparation is needed by the school and teachers. This study aims to determine the implementation of school policies in preparing students to face the minimum competency assessment at the Elementary School 1 Peukan Pidie. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and data obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The study results indicate that the minimum competency assessment is still a new thing for schools and teachers. Implementation of policies related to minimum competency assessment by the Elementary School 1 Peukan Pidie provides books to support minimum competency assessment and increase student learning hours. However, this policy cannot be implemented optimally due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Factors supporting the policy at the Elementary School 1 Peukan Pidie are the support and proactive attitude of the principal and the availability of supporting books for teachers and students. Abstrak: Untuk menghadapi asesmen tersebut tentunya diperlukan persiapan oleh sekolah dan guru agar siswa dapat mengikuti asesmen dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang implementasi kebijakan sekolah dalam mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi asesmen kompetensi minimum di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Peukan Pidie. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asesmen kompetensi minimum masih menjadi hal yang baru bagi sekolah dan guru. Implementasi kebijakan terkait asesmen kompetensi minimum oleh SD Negeri 1 Peukan Pidie berupa penyediaan buku penunjang asesmen kompetensi minimum dan penambahan jam belajar siswa. Namun kebijakan tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasikan maksimal karena kondisi pandemi covid-19. Faktor pendukung kebijakan di SD Negeri 1 Peukan Pidie adalah dukungan dan sikap proaktif kepala sekolah dan tersedianya buku penunjang untuk guru dan siswa.

Abstract: This study aims to describe the learning management of Ibn Mas'ud integrated Islamic elementary school teachers, Pidie Regency, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and data obtained from observations, interviews and relevant literature studies. This study found that learning planning by the Ibn Mas'ud Integrated Islamic Elementary School teacher conducted in a participatory manner by involving all education stakeholders. Then, the teachers' learning implementation and evaluation structured, and teachers also optimize students' parents' roles. Thus, the learning management implementation has a positive impact on teaching and learning activities even in the covid-19 pandemic. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang manajemen pembelajaran guru Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Ibnu Mas’ud Kabupaten Pidie pada masa darurat Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dan diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pembelajaran oleh guru Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Ibnu Mas’ud dilakukan secara partisipatif dengan melibatkan semua stakeholder pendidikan yang ada di sekolah. Implementasi dan evaluasi pembelajaran oleh guru juga dilaksanakan secara partisipatif dan guru mampu mengoptimalkan peran orangtua siswa. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaplikasian manajemen pembelajaran berdampak positif pada kegiatan belajar mengajar meskipun dalam kondisi pandemi covid-19.

Teaching supervision is one of the efforts to improve teacher professionalism. The purpose of this study was to find out how the teaching supervision program, teaching supervision techniques, and supporting and inhibiting factor of the implementation of teaching supervision of principal were. This study used descriptive method and qualitative approach. Data were collected through interview, observation and documentation study. Subject of the study were principal, vice principal and teachers. The result showed that: (1) Learning supervision program prepared by principal including planning, scheduling, supervision model, supervision clues, feedback and follow up implementation. In the implementation, principal examine learning administration instrument such as syllabus, lesson plan, teaching and learning process, annual program, semester program, effective week, question item analysis. (2) Teaching supervision techniques was conducted by class visiting, class observation, individual talk, teacher meeting, and assigning the teachers for training, upgrading, and educational seminar. (3) Supporting factor of teaching supervision implementation were teacher readiness to be coached by the principal, the establishment of good relationship in school environment, in addition the principal can monitor the teachers’ teaching development or achievement. Therefore, the principal would now which teachers were successful and which teachers needed further coaching in teaching. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor in the implementation of teaching supervision was the limited time due to the busyness of principal inside and outside of the school.

Context: Direct laryngoscopy (DL) remains the most popular method of endotracheal intubation despite the availability of easier methods like intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA)—a blind intubation aid with a high success rate of intubation even when employed by novices. Aim: This study compared the overall success rate of intubation using ILMA and DL during elective surgeries requiring intubation. Study Design: This was a comparative randomized study. Patients and Methods: Following the institutional ethical approval, 86 American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I and II patients were randomized into DL and ILMA groups. Each received intravenous fentanyl 2 μg/kg, glycopyrrolate 4 μg/kg, intravenous propofol 3 mg/kg, suxamethonium 2 mg/kg to a maximum of 100 mg. Intubation was with DL in the first group and ILMA in the second group. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and muscle relaxation with atracurium. The overall success rate, the success rate at the first attempt of intubation, time for intubation, and airway complications were assessed. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The quantitative variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test and qualitative using the Chi-square test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The success at insertion was 100% in the DL group and 95.3% with ILMA at the first attempt (P = 0.15). The success rate of intubation at the first attempt was 100 and 79.1% in the DL and ILMA groups, respectively. The mean time for intubation was 19.93 ± 6.17 and 46.54 ± 11.63 s in DL and ILMA, respectively (P = 0.001). Six patients (14%) had airway complications in the ILMA group. Conclusion: The overall success rate of intubation via ILMA is comparable to that of DL. In patients with normal airways, DL remains a comparatively faster and easier technique to secure the airway with tracheal intubation than ILMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to critically review the current body of literature relating to the calculation methods of construction material stock. To this end, this study adopts a systematic literature review technique in order to identify the relevant studies. The findings revealed that the bottom-up and top-down methodologies were commonly employed by the reviewed studies. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the bottom-up approach should be utilized when dealing with small-scale areas or where more accurate results are required. The top-down method should be used wherein the research area is large, and the results could be estimated based upon assumptions and statistical data. Similarly, the demand-driven methodology should be used to find the material stock accumulation due to socio-economic factors. The study also found that the material stock results can be used as data for other research, such as waste management and embodied energy. Further, this paper proposes a conceptual framework to ease the process of calculating construction material stocks in different projects. The outcomes of this research shall be beneficial for future studies that explore the literature connected to the construction material stock and recommend methods and techniques that should be used to quantify the material stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the analysis, design, and experimental validation of a modular isolated matrix converter (MIMC), including modulation, commutation, and control. The MIMC topology is a single-stage high power density ac–ac converter, which is attractive for traction applications and space-restricted low voltage (LV) or medium voltage (MV) future distribution networks. The topology under study utilizes bidirectional switches based dual-active-bridge cells as basic building blocks. A single cell would have limited practical application as the output frequency is locked to the input one. On the contrary, the repetition of single cells proposed in the MIMC extending the matrix converter concept, achieves variable frequency operation while also providing a modular structure. However, the presence of medium frequency transformers in each cell poses additional challenges for modulation and safe commutation that are discussed and solved in this paper. Experimental results from a proof-of-concept 6 kW laboratory scale prototype validate the practical feasibility and the operation of the MIMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A compact frequency reconfigurable coplanar stripline (CPS)-like metamaterial antenna for WLAN and GSM applications is proposed in this article. A unique CPS structure is used to exploit the properties of metamaterial and it is being inspired from an epsilon-negative transmission line (ENG-TL). The main objective of using this structure is to simplify the geometry and to achieve frequency reconfigurable operation. The proposed antenna of size 40 × 40 × 1.524 mm3 with acceptable gain and radiation pattern will operate at two switching frequencies 1.8 GHz for GSM and 2.4 GHz for WLAN, respectively. Parametric analysis of the proposed antenna unit cell is performed using ADS in which by tuning the unit cell parameters WLAN band is achieved. To achieve the frequency reconfigurable property, RF PIN diode model is implemented on the antenna structure. Results of the prototype of antenna are compared with the simulated results. A close agreement is found between the measured and the simulated results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:596-601, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the interventions to mitigate its spread impacted access to healthcare, including hospital births and newborn care. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on newborn service utilization in Nigeria., Methods: The records of women who delivered in hospitals and babies admitted to neonatal wards were retrospectively reviewed before (March 2019-February 2020) and during (March 2020-February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in selected facilities in Nigeria., Results: There was a nationwide reduction in institutional deliveries during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Nigeria, with 14 444 before and 11 723 during the lockdown-a decrease of 18.8%. The number of preterm admissions decreased during the lockdown period (30.6% during lockdown vs 32.6% pre-lockdown), but the percentage of outborn preterm admissions remained unchanged. Newborn admissions varied between zones with no consistent pattern. Although neonatal jaundice and prematurity remained the most common reasons for admission, severe perinatal asphyxia increased by nearly 50%. Neonatal mortality was significantly higher during the COVID-19 lockdown compared with pre-lockdown (110.6/1000 [11.1%] vs 91.4/1000 [9.1%], respectively; p=0.01). The odds of a newborn dying were about four times higher if delivered outside the facility during the lockdown (p<0.001)., Conclusions: The COVID-19 lockdown had markedly deleterious effects on healthcare seeking for deliveries and neonatal care that varied between zones with no consistent pattern., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)

We have designed, developed, and deployed the world's first ultra-dense space division-multiplexing multicore fiber link in a conduit of a metro network. In a 10-mm-diameter fiber optic-cable, 288 4-core multicore fibers are arranged in 24 200-µm spiderweb collapsible ribbons. The multicore fibers are fusion-spliced to 576 fanout devices which provide conventional single-core interfaces at patch panels at both ends of the link.