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Sosyal varlıklar olan insanlar, tarih boyunca birbirleri ile alışveriş yapma ihtiyacı hissetmişlerdir. Bu alışverişler, genellikle satış akdi yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Satış akitlerinin kurulmasında en yaygın görülen yöntem ise pazarlık usulü ile gerçekleştirilen müsâveme yöntemidir. İnsanlar satış akdini kurarken, akdin unsurları üzerinde pazarlık yaparak bir anlaşmaya varmışlardır. İslâm hukuku bu yöntemin sınırlarını belirlemiştir. İnsanların birbirlerinin haklarını ihlal etmeden pazarlık yapabilmelerini sağlayacak düzenlemeler getirmiştir. Ayrıntıları başta örf olmak üzere farklı delillerle düzenlense de, insanların satış akdini kurarken bu sınırlara dikkat etmesi gerektiği, doğrudan doğruya naslar ile emredilmiştir. Bu durum hem şahsi zararların hem de toplumsal zararların önüne geçilmesi açısından büyük önem arz etmiştir. Bu kapsamda getirilen bazı sınırlamalar şu şekildedir: Satılmış olan bir malın devredilmeden bir başkasına satılmaması, fiyat yükseltmek amacıyla üçüncü kişinin pazarlığına dahil olunmaması gerektiği ve tarafların pazarlık aşamasının sonu geldiği, anlaşma meyillerinin oluştuğu durumda üçüncü kişinin pazarlığa dahil olmaması gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Bu sınırlamalardan, tarafların anlaşma meyillerinin ortaya çıkmış olduğu durumda üçüncü kişinin taraflardan birinin aleyhine pazarlığa dahil olması konusu çalışmamızda ele alınmıştır. Bu husus İslâm hukuk literatüründe sevm ale’s-sevm olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Türkçe literatürde genellikle pazarlık üzerine pazarlık olarak çevrilmiştir. Çalışmada sevm ale’s-sevm kavramına genellikle yer verilmiş olmakla birlikte, Türkçe olarak ifade edilmesi gerektiğinde pazarlık üzerine pazarlık kavramı kullanılmıştır. Taraflar pazarlığa yönelik ifadelerini akdin kurucu unsuru olan irade beyanı ile birbirlerine iletmektedirler. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada öncelikle irade beyanına yönelik açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Pazarlığa yönelik bu irade beyanlarının icâb niteliğinde mi yoksa icâba davet niteliğinde mi olduğu hususunda açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Bu açıklamaların ardından müsâveme yöntemi tanımlanmış ve genel olarak bu yönteme ilişkin bilgi verilmiştir. Müsâveme yöntemi ile oluşturulan akitler ile bu yönteme benzer yöntemlerin farkları hususunda açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Pazarlık yapılırken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara değinilmiş ve pazarlık üzerine pazarlık yapmanın yasak olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Akit kurulurken hangi aşamada pazarlığa dahil olmanın bu yasak kapsamında sayılacağı ve hangi aşamadaki müdahalenin yasak kapsamına dahil olmayacağı belirtilmiştir. Bu yasağın neden gerekli olduğu konusunda yapılmış olan açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Sevm ale’s-sevmin söz konusu olduğu akitlerin genel olarak diyaneten haram kabul edildiği bununla birlikte kazaen bu akitlerin geçerli olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Bu yasağın kapsamına sadece müslümanların değil aynı zamanda müslüman olmayan vatandaşların ve müste’menlerin de dahil olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Buna göre müslüman olmayan bir vatandaş veya müste’men aleyhine böyle bir pazarlığa dahil olmanın hukuka uygun kabul edilmeyeceği açıklanmıştır. Sevm ale’s-sevmin yalnızca satış akdi açısından değil, aynı zamanda kıyas yoluyla diğer akitler bakımından da geçerli olacağı belirtilmiştir. Bu açıklamalarda Hanefî mezhebinin görüşü esas alınmış olmakla birlikte diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir. Makale genel itibariyle Hanefî mezhebi odağında diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine de yer verilen bir yöntemle oluşturulmuştur. Tüm bu görüşlerin ardından mer’î hukukta bu yasağın uygulanıp uygulanmadığı hususunda açıklamalar yapılmıştır.

Tek fiil sonucu bir haksızlık oluşabileceği gibi birden fazla haksızlık da oluşabilir. Birden fazla haksızlığın oluştuğu durumlarda, ihlal edilen ceza normlarından fiile yalnızca birinin uygulama kabiliyeti olması halinde görünüşte içtimadan bahsedilir. Tek fiile birden fazla ceza normunun uygulama kabiliyeti olduğu durumlarda ise fikri içtimadan bahsedilir. Fikri içtima hallerinde ihlal edilen her ceza normu bağımsızlığını korumaktadır. Görünüşte içtimada ise uygulama kabiliyeti olmayan ceza normlarının ayrıca bağımsızlıklarından bahsedilemez. Dolayısıyla fikri içtima durumunda her bir suç ayrıca değerlendirilmelidir. Ancak görünüşte içtima halinde ihlal edilen tek bir suçtan dolayı yargılama yapılacaktır. İki içtima türünün arasındaki ayrımların ortaya çıkmasının temelinde bu neden yer almaktadır. İslâm ceza hukukunda cezaların içtimaı daha geniş biçimde değerlendirildiği için daha çok bu konu üzerinde durulmuş olsa da, her iki içtima türü de görülmektedir. İçtimaın uygulanması doğrudan ayet ve hadislerden çıkarılmaktadır. Neticesi sebebiyle ağırlaşan suçlar da İslam ceza hukuku içerisinde incelenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu bakımdan da içtimaa ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada özellikle farklı olduğu kısımlar açısından modern hukuk ile İslâm ceza hukuku mukayese edilerek incelenmiştir.

Abstract Background We present a case of fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum, which is a rare agent. Case description A 34-year-old Caucasian male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of pain and blurred vision in the left eye. The patient had a history of wearing contact lenses for 3 years. According to the Snellen chart, the patient’s visual acuity was 20/20 and counting fingers at 30 cm, for right and left eyes, respectively. A 3 × 3 mm corneal abscess at the center of the cornea with hypopyon in the patient’s left eye was observed. After the patient was hospitalized, fortified gentamicin and fortified cefazolin drops were started 24 times per day. Intravenous fluconazole 1 × 800 mg loading, 1 × 400 mg maintenance dose, intravenous vancomycin 4 × 500 mg and intravenous cefoperazone + sulbactam 2 × 2 g treatments were started. We observed S. apiospermum in the corneal scraping sample, which the identification was performed by combined phenotypic characteristics and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry on the sixth day of treatment. The drops were revised as fortified vancomycin, ceftazidime, and voriconazole drops 24 times per day. Intravenous voriconazole 2 × 6 mg/kg loading and 2 × 4 mg/kg maintenance dose treatments were started. Three weeks later, left eye visual acuity increased to 20/40, and the corneal abscess regressed. On second-year follow-up, his visual acuity increased to 20/25 for the left eye and the cornea was transparent. Conclusion Scedosporium group is an opportunistic filamentous fungus that is very rarely seen and causes severe keratitis infections. In the literature, to the best of our knowledge, three cases of keratitis due to S. apiospermum after contact lenses were reported, and all were treated with penetrating keratoplasty. In this case, unlike the others, only medical treatment was applied. In cases with suspected fungal keratitis, medical treatment should be started without waiting for the culture result, the findings should be followed and penetrating keratoplasty should be performed in the case of no response to treatment.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of using zeolite used as a litter in tent-type sheep shelters on milk yield, milk quality, and animal welfare parameters. A total of 34 İvesi sheep in the control (n=17) and zeolite (n=17) groups were used as animal material in the study. Milk yield, milk quality, and blood parameters were monitored for 30 days period from the beginning of the study. In-shelter climatic conditions were recorded daily. The average milk yield in the control and zeolite groups were 1137.18 and 1168.94 g on the 2nd control (P>0.05); 536.83 and 790.88 g (P

Aim: In the present study, peppermint oil was added to the ration of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and it was aimed to shed light on similar studies in the future by examining its effect on liver tissue by light microscopy. Materials and Methods: In the study, 10-day old, 40 Japanese quails were used. There were 4 groups of 10 chicks, each with 5 males and 5 females. Groups; Control group 0.3% sunflower oil (SO)+0.0% peppermint oil (PO), the other three groups 0.2% (SO) +0.1% (PO); 0.1% (SO)+ 0.2% (PO) and 0.0% (SO)+0.3% (PO). Created by adding oil ad libitum. From the paraffin blocks prepared by routine tissue follow-up from the liver, sections were taken with a rotary microtome. Hematoxylin-Eosin stained preparations were examined under a light microscope. Results: The lobule structure divided by the septum interlobaris was not seen in the liver. A small amount of inter lobuler interstitium and consequently the triple structure (trias hepatica) expected to coexist in the hepatic lobes, contrary to what is known, was scattered. It was observed that simple hepatosteatosis occurred in parallel with the increasing fat ratio in the diet. Conclusion: It has been observed that peppermint oil, which contributes to increase the yield by increasing protein synthesis and feed utilization, as well as providing a healthy breeding opportunity with its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effect, should be given at an appropriate dose in order to benefit from these positive properties.

Düşünce özgürlüğü, bu özgürlüğün nihai aşaması olarak ifade özgürlüğü ve din özgürlüğü insanın temel haklarından olan özgürlüklerdir. Bu özgürlükler kimi zaman iç içe geçmiş şekilde kimi zamansa birbiriyle çelişir biçimde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu özgürlüklerini kullanan insanın, tüm haklarında olduğu gibi burada da belirli sınırlar dahilinde hareket etmesi gerekmektedir. İnsanların inançları gibi, mukaddes bildikleri değerlere hakaret etmek bu sınırların içinde değil, dışında değerlendirilmelidir. Ancak özgürlüklerin, sınırlandırmalarının da belirli sınırlandırmalara tabi olduğu ve keyfi olarak daraltılamayacağı unutulmamalıdır. Bu çalışmada İslâm hukuku ile mukayeseli olarak, bu özgürlükler tanımlanacak, sınırlandırmaların şartlarından bahsedilecek ve dine hakaret noktasında ifade özgürlüğünün sınırlandırılmasının gerekleri açıklanacaktır.

Background: The increase in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates in Turkey and in the world plays a key role in reducing the number of deaths and cases from COVID-19. Investigating the underlying causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitations seems to be a guide in reducing the negative effects of the pandemic. Methods: We analyzed the correlations between double COVID-19 vaccination rates of all cities in Turkey between 1 September 2021 and 1 February 2022 and their per capita income values and their education level percentages. Results: Overall, there was a negative correlation between the vaccination rates of cities and the percentages of illiterate, literate without a diploma, and secondary school graduates for both genders. However, there was a positive correlation between city vaccination rates and the percentages of primary school and college graduates. City income values per capita values were positively correlated with double vaccination rates of cities. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that not only low levels of education, but also interruption of education at some point make a significant contribution to vaccination hesitancy and ultimately to vaccination levels. In order to end the pandemic and reach a sufficient percentage of vaccines, it may be necessary to address some special groups and raise awareness of these groups about vaccination.

In this paper, the correlation among some design parameters which are important for conceptual design phase of a combat aircraft are investigated. For this purpose, by creating a database including new generation aircrafts, what level correlation exists among the primary design parameters, such as weight, wing area, thrust, maximum speed and rate of climb etc., are analyzed. It is concluded that the obtained significant correlations can be a guide for the aircraft designers at the conceptual design phase.

Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease which can affect all exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands, causing dryness of the mouth and eyes. The most serious complication is the development of lymphoma. In this article, we aimed to present a very rare case of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in the lacrimal gland secondary to Sjogren’s syndrome. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 322-4)

İlahiyat Fakültelerinde Dinler Tarihi Anabilim Dalı programında yer alan, henüz lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora sınıflarında okutulmaya başlanılan Din Fenomenolojisi, ülkemizde oldukça yeni bir alandır. Bu sebeple, söz konusu derste uygulanacak yöntem hakkında da kesin bir fikir oluşmamıştır.

Aim: "Labidochromis caeruleus" and "Xiphophorus hellerii" are commercially important aquarium ornamental fish. The aim of this study, upon the discovery that these species died by showing various clinical signs in optimum conditions and standard feding conditions, was to investigate the causes of death and to determine the problems that may be encountered in the field. Materials and Methods: In our study, five of Labidochromis caeruleus and Xiphophorus hellerii, which were grown as seven species of ornamental fishes and died with similar clinical symptoms were used. Because of the changes observed in the liver, macroscopically, liver dissection, and HxE staining were carried out respectively and examined by light microscopy. Results: Serosangioz exudate in the abdomen, anemi, livers yellow-brown, lipidosis with inflammation, excessive growth, crispandeasily degradable consistency, bluntends and petechial hemorrhage foci were observed. Microscopically seen that the hepatocyte cytoplasms were filled by large oil droplets with macro and micro vesicular. Fatty changes in liver cells are widely distributed from central veins toward hepatocytes in the middle of the lobule and periportal areas. Conclusion: The histopathological changes in the liver were investigated and under optimum conditions and standard feding conditions, and the sensitivities of these commercially important aquarium ornamental fishes were determined against market baits. It has been concluded that the sespecies can be a model organism for studies on fatty liver thanks to widespread/clear visualization of fatty liver and observation of a case of steatohepatitis, which is an important health problem and has not been previously reported for Labidochromis caeruleus and Xiphophorus hellerii species.

Copyright of Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: MTT assay is a colorimetric test to evaluate cell metabolic activity of living cells via reduction of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide to insoluble formazan crystals by mitochondrial activities. The reduction of the tetrazolium dye is thought to occur by NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes in the cell cytosol. The MTT test is used to measure the cytotoxicity or cytostatic activity of generally plant and chemical compounds and toxic materials. In this study, it was aimed to monitor the uniformity of formazan formation at equal time intervals by visualizing the reduction of tetrazolium salts in cells. Materials and Methods: In the study, K562 cells were used to observe the reduction of tetrazolium salts to MTT formazan crystals in cells. K562 cells were seeded in culture plate under sterile conditions. After adding 10 µL of 5 mg/mL MTT solution to the culture plate, the cells were incubated for 4 h at 37 °C in a humidified environment with 5% CO2. During the culture process, the cells were imaged at 15 minuteintervals for 4 hours. Results: The behavior of viable and non-viable cells against MTT and the process of converting MTT to MTT formazan crystal by living cells were clearly monitored. Conclusions: Visual analysis of MTT reduction directly from the incubator with image recordings at equal time intervals showed the perfect homogeneity of MTT degradation of the cells over time. With our study, we can state that the MTT test is an ideal test method for cytotoxicity research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:The association between high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies and the extent of destruction of thyroid tissue is well documented. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between anti-thyroid antibodies, thyroid hormones, and sonographic parenchymal changes.Methods:The study was designed as a case-control study. Four hundred and seventy-five patients with HT and 98 healthy subjects were included in the study. Serum levels of free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies) were measured. The ultrasonographic results of the patients were also recorded.Results:Serum levels of anti-TPO and anti-Tg were significantly associated with hypoechogenicity, heterogeneity, and pseudonodulation (p

Background: Emergency rooms (ERs) are usually crowded with friends and relatives (F&Rs) of the patients. This experience may result in changes in smoking behaviors and create opportunities for smoking cessation interventions. The study aims to investigate these changes and offers a new frontier in the fight against smoking.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ERs of two universities in different cities. A questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was applied to F&Rs of the emergency patients. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi program.Findings: A total of 603 respondents were included in the study. Of them, 71.3% were first-degree relatives, 51.7% waited 5 or more times in ER before, and 68.6% spent 0-2 hours in a day around the ER. Upon witnessing patients in the ERs, 53.4% of the F&Rs had the idea of quitting smoking and 42.9% wanted to have smoking cessation therapy during their wait in the hospital. While 76.1% of the participants were not using different brands of cigarettes when offered in normal life, this rate was lower around the ERs (64.6%) (P < 0.001). Participants smoked 0.82 ± 0.34 cigarette per hour in normal life excluding sleeping time; this number raised almost 6 folds during the wait (4.85 ± 2.11) (P < 0.001).Conclusion: F&Rs smoked more during waiting around ERs. However, they also expressed desire to quit smoking and receive smoking cessation intervention during the wait. Providing smoking cessation counseling to F&Rs in the ER may be a valuable intervention.

It was aimed to investigate the smoking behavior and attitudes of the relatives of the children in the ERs to determine whether current experience had any impact on the desire to quit. This study conducted with 300 patient relatives who applied to the pediatric ER of three hospitals in different cities between June 2019 and June 2020. Apart from the demographic data, a questionnaire consists of 18 questions were applied regarding participants past and current ER experiences and smoking behaviors. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (IBM, USA) software package. It was determined that many (47.3%) spent more than 4 hours in the vicinity of ERs. Most of the individuals (58.0%) had waited 3 or more times in the ER previously. Besides, 59.3% had the idea of quitting smoking as they saw the patients in the ER, and while in the hospital, 44.0% wanted to have smoking cessation treatment. The average number of cigarettes smoked per hour in daily life was 0.61 ± 0.52 (excluding sleep time), but during the waiting period, this figures went up considerably to 4.32 ± 5.28/ hour (p [Med-Science 2020; 9(3.000): 736-41]

Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a heterogeneous that cannot be definitively diagnosed as benign, malignancy-suspect, or malignant. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict the malignant potential of nodules diagnosed as AUS/FLUS. We retrospectively analyzed 101 patients for whom thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) analysis indicated AUS/FLUS and who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2015. Demographic, laboratory, and histopathological data were obtained from a database. The patients were categorized into two groups: malignant or benign and comparisons between groups were performed. Of the 101 patients, 26 (25.7%) had solitary nodules and 75 (74.3%) had multinodulary goiter. The malignancy rate was 33.7%, and there were no differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender and thyroid function tests. Median preoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) level was 13.4 in the benign group, while it was 14.4 in patients with malignancy, demonstrating a significant correlation. Both MPV and NLR were elevated in malignant nodules. The malignancy risk of AUS/FLUS evident upon thyroid FNAB was higher than anticipated by the Bethesda system (BS). MPV, NLR and RDW are useful for estimating the malignancy risks of these diseases. [Med-Science 2018; 7(2.000): 386-90]

Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) are the most frequently occuring endocrine malignancies and accounts for ≥ 90% of all thyroid cancers. It was suggested that after total or near total thyroidectomy, the stimulated thyroglobuline (sTg) and quantified uptake in whole body scintigraphy (WBS) are significant predictors for the successful ablation and disease-free status. We aimed to evaluate preablative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), sTg and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) levels, after following thyroid hormone withdrawal, and compare them with diagnostic WBS (DxWBS) uptake for predict the efficacy of radioiodine (RAI) ablation therapy in DTC patients. We retrospectively investigated 100 consecutively patients which followed up for DTC in Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital at Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism between January 2006 and June 2013. Patients had histologically confirmed DTC and underwent RAI remnant ablation therapy without clinical or radiological evidence of distant metastases. 131I was used generally from 30-200 mCi dosage in all 100 patients. (median dose, 100 mCi). Preablation TSH, preablation sTg, postablation TSH, postablation sTg, postablation TgAbs levels, tumor size and tumor multifocality did not differ between DxWBS uptake negative and positive groups, while the preablation TgAbs level was found significantly lower in DxWBS uptake negative group (p [Med-Science 2016; 5(4.000): 961-6]

Abstract Being predictors of the mechanical properties of human cortical bone, bound and pore water measurements by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are being developed for the clinical assessment of fracture risk. While pore water is a surrogate of cortical bone porosity, the determinants of bound water are unknown. Manipulation of organic matrix properties by oxidative deproteinization, thermal denaturation, or nonenzymatic glycation lowers bone toughness. Because bound water contributes to bone toughness, we hypothesized that each of these matrix manipulations affect bound water fraction (Vbw/Vbone). Immersing cadaveric bone samples in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for 96 hours did not affect tissue mineral density or cortical porosity, but rather decreased Vbw/Vbone and increased short‐T2 pore water signals as determined by 1H nuclear MR relaxometry (1H NMR). Moreover, the post treatment Vbw/Vbone linearly correlated with the remaining weight fraction of the organic matrix. Heating bone samples at 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, and then 140°C (∼24 hours per temperature and rehydration for ∼24 hours before 1H NMR analysis) did not affect Vbw/Vbone. After subsequently heating them at 200°C, Vbw/Vbone increased. Boiling bone samples followed by heating at 110°C, 120°C, and then 130°C in water under pressure (8 hours per temperature) had a similar effect on Vbw/Vbone. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the increase in Vbw/Vbone coincided with an increase in an Amide I subpeak ratio that is sensitive to changes in the helical structure of collagen I. Glycation of bone by ribose for 4 weeks, but not in glucose for 16 weeks, decreased Vbw/Vbone, although the effect was less pronounced than that of oxidative deproteinization or thermal denaturation. We propose that MR measurements of bound water reflect the amount of bone organic matrix and can be modulated by collagen I helicity and by sugar‐derived post translational modifications of the matrix. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Aim. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a potent mitogen for many cells. IGF-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of various tumors with its mutagenic and antiapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to determine both the serum and intranodular levels of IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in patients with nodular thyroid diseases. Materials and Methods. In this study, 80 subjects who performed fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were required in order to investigate the effects of serum and intranodular IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the pathogenesis of nodules. After performing FNAB, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were determined in blood and aspiration samples. Results. The serum levels of IGF-1 (232.8 ± 12.9 ng/ml) and IGFBP-3 (4.8 μg/ml) were found significantly higher than that of the intranodular IGF-1 (39.1 ng/ml) and intranodular IGFBP-3 levels (0.173 μg/ml) (p

AIM:To determine the safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin after cataract surgery in patients with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).METHODS:In this retrospective study of consecutive patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery after PKP, were treated with intracameral moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (0.5 mg/0.1 mL). The main outcome measures were anterior chamber reaction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell count (ECC), and central corneal thickness (CCT).RESULTS:Fifty-five patients were recruited (26 males, 29 females). The mean age was 54.36±4.97y (range 45-64y). All eyes had improved postoperative BCVA. The mean BCVA was 0.25 preoperatively and 0.57 postoperatively, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). One eye had 3+, 7 eyes had 2+, 12 eyes had 1+ and 8 eyes had trace amount of aqueous cells on the first day after surgery. All eyes had no anterior chamber cells at subsequent follow up examinations. Effective phacoemulsification time was 4.33±1.01s. The mean ECC was 2340.20 cells/mm2 preoperatively and 1948.75 cells/mm2 1mo postoperatively (P<0.001). The increase of 21.09 µm in postoperative pachymetry 1mo after surgery was statistically significant (P<0.001).CONCLUSION: No untoward effects were observed after intracameral injection of moxifloxacin (0.5 mg/0.1 mL) in terms of anterior chamber reaction, CCT, ECC, and visual rehabilitation at the conclusion of cataract surgery in patients with PKP.

AIM:To evaluate the epidemiologic, anatomic, and clinical features of open globe injuries in children.METHODS: The medical files of patients under the age of 16 who had been operated for an open globe injury at Akdeniz University Hospital’s Department of Ophthalmology were retrospectively evaluated.RESULTS: A total of 90 patients were evaluated in this study. Among these patients, 26 (28.9%) were female and 64 (71.1%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 7.7±4.2 years. The male/female ratio was observed to increase with increasing age (P=0.006, r=7.48). Injuries were most likely to occur in spring and autumn (P=0.028). The time interval between the injury and the surgical repair was 9.36±27.4h. Forty (44.4%) of the injuries occurred in the home, 27 (30%) occurred in the yard, and 21 (23.3%) happened while playing in the street. The most common causes of injury were sharp metal objects (PPPr=0.502 and Pr=-0.442, respectively).CONCLUSION:Open globe injuries that are suffered in childhood generally occur either at home, in the yard, or on the street, with sharp metal objects being the most common cause of injury. The initial visual acuity and the length of the wound are the most important determinants of the final visual acuity.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with several complications that are partly due to excess amounts of reactive oxygen species and/or decreased antioxidant activity. Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) has also been linked to increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the antioxidant system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), various biochemical parameters and shoulder amyloidosis, in hemodialysis patients. We studied 107 non-diabetic chronic dialysis patients. The SOD levels correlated with right and left biceps tendon thickness (r = -0.219, P = 0.048 and r = -0.236, P = 0.031, respectively), MDA (r = -0.429, P = 0.000) and albumin levels (r = -0.319, P = 0.001). MDA levels correlated with right and left biceps thickness (r = 0.291, P = 0.006 and r = 0.337, P = 0.001, respectively) and β2 microglobulin levels (r = 0.455, P = 0.000). We also identified the statistically significant relationships between MDA levels and supraspinatus tendon thickening (greater than 7 mm) and right and left biceps tendon thickness (P = 0.022, P = 0.040 and P = 0.005, respectively). Our data suggest the complex relationship between antioxidants and oxidative stress and further support the roles of oxidative stress and antioxidants in DRA.

Background. Midkine (MK), a new heparin-binding growth factor, plays important roles in a variety of biological phenomena such as carcinogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum midkine (SMK) and nodular midkine (NMK) levels in patients with thyroid nodules to predict malignancy and whether there was any association between. Methods. A total of 105 patients (74 women, 31 men) with thyroid nodules were enrolled. The levels of SMK and NMK were measured. Any possible correlation between SMK, NMK, and biochemical, cytopathological, or radiological variables was investigated. Results. Both SMK and NMK were found to be higher in hypoechoic nodules with an irregular border and without a halo (p

This study was carried out to determine the effects of adding pistachio shell (PIS), pomegranate hull (POM), and olive pulp (OP) to the diet on milk amino acid and fatty acid parameters in Awassi sheep. In the study, 40 head of Awassi sheep, which gave birth at least twice, were used as animal material. Sheep were fed a control diet without added byproducts (CON), rations containing PIS, POM, and OP. Milk amino acid profile was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, milk fatty acid gas chromatography-flame ionization detection device. There was a dramatic reduction in alanine, citrulline, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, ornithine and alphaaminoadipic acid in the research groups. In the PIS group, argininosuccinic acid, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine and sarcosine; In the POM group, asparagine, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine, and taurine; In the OP group, a significant positive increase was found in terms of alanine, histidine, gammaminobutyric acid, and taurine amino acids. The applications in the study did not have a statistically significant effect on the ratio of short, medium and long chain fatty acids in milk (p>0.05). In the presented study, it was determined that PIS, POM, and OP, which were added to the sheep rations at a rate of 5%, caused significant changes in the milk amino acid profiles. In this change in milk amino acid profiles, the benefit-harm relationship should be considered., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest., (© Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.)

Background: The increase in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates in Turkey and in the world plays a key role in reducing the number of deaths and cases from COVID-19. Investigating the underlying causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitations seems to be a guide in reducing the negative effects of the pandemic., Methods: We analyzed the correlations between double COVID-19 vaccination rates of all cities in Turkey between 1 September 2021 and 1 February 2022 and their per capita income values and their education level percentages., Results: Overall, there was a negative correlation between the vaccination rates of cities and the percentages of illiterate, literate without a diploma, and secondary school graduates for both genders. However, there was a positive correlation between city vaccination rates and the percentages of primary school and college graduates. City income values per capita values were positively correlated with double vaccination rates of cities., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that not only low levels of education, but also interruption of education at some point make a significant contribution to vaccination hesitancy and ultimately to vaccination levels. In order to end the pandemic and reach a sufficient percentage of vaccines, it may be necessary to address some special groups and raise awareness of these groups about vaccination.