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Purpose Relationship Violence Intervention Programs (RVIPs) increase safety for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) by reducing the abusive attitudes and behaviors of their abusive partners. Researchers typically assess RVIP effectiveness by measuring abusive partners' recidivism, which is limited in capturing partners' behavior changes and determining whether survivors experience a reduction in abuse. This study explored survivors' hopes for their partners participating in an RVIP and survivors' perceptions of the RVIP's influence on abusive partners' behavior change. Method Twenty-four IPV survivors participated in in-depth, individual interviews about their needs and experiences after their partners entered an RVIP. Interview transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, which inductively identifies themes. Results Survivors hoped the RVIP would give their partners tools to manage their anger and learn accountability. Survivors also wanted to give and receive feedback about their partners' participation. Some survivors described the RVIP as positive while others described it as negative or as having mixed influences on partners' behavior change. Survivors' perceptions of the impacts of the RVIP were influenced by how survivors conceptualized abuse, whether partners' behavior change was sustained and/or felt sufficient, and how survivors' safety was impacted. Conclusion RVIPs should involve survivors in service planning and provide information about program goals, expectations for abusive partners, and ongoing risks to survivors' safety. Additional implications and recommendations for further research and practice are discussed., Author(s): Selima N. Jumarali [sup.1] , Nkiru Nnawulezi [sup.1] , Keenan Eldridge [sup.1] , Christopher Murphy [sup.1] , Jasmine Engleton [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411024.2, 0000 0001 2175 4264, Department [...]

The increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in academic settings necessitates greater cultural competence on the part of teachers, and enhancing the cultural competence of teachers requires a greater understanding of both the level of cultural competence among teachers and the experiences that enhance cultural competence. Teacher educators and pre- and in-service teachers from two geographic regions in the U.S. completed a cultural competence survey, and their responses were used to construct a cultural competence score. Cultural competence scores were higher in the Mid-Atlantic location than in the Midwest location, and the scores of participants were positively related to the extent of three cross-cultural experiences (speaking a foreign language, having been abroad, and having friends from other cultures). ANCOVA revealed an independent effect for teacher group and cross-cultural experiences, but not for location. The results of this study highlight the importance of cross-cultural experiences in the development of cultural competence and the importance to institutions of higher learning of understanding the cross-cultural experiences typical of the locations from where they draw their students.

Communication technologies, including cell phones, social media, and location tracking services, can be used to perpetrate abuse against current or former intimate partners. A growing literature examines these behaviors in adolescent and college samples, yet very little research has investigated cyber abuse prevalence and risk factors in broader samples of adults. The present study examines whether in-person forms of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and important IPA risk factors are associated with cyber psychological abuse (CPA) in a sample of adults (N = 243; Mean age = 33.49, SD = 11.31) who reported being in a romantic relationship within the last 12 months and were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants completed assessments of CPA, physical assault, emotional abuse, maltreatment history, attachment insecurity, jealousy, emotion dysregulation, substance abuse, and relationship functioning. The Cyber Psychological Abuse scales significantly and positively correlated with physical assault and emotional abuse. Multivariate risk factor analyses accounted for 40% and 30% of the variance in CPA perpetration and victimization, respectively. Behavioral jealousy, relationship discord, and extent of daily cell phone use had significant unique associations with both CPA perpetration and victimization. The results indicate that CPA is highly prevalent among adults, strongly associated with other forms of IPA, and correlated with both IPA risk factors and extent of technology use. Findings support the further development of efforts to prevent CPA, to educate potential CPA victims, and to assess and address CPA among adults who engage in or experience in-person forms of partner abuse., Author(s): Jacqueline C. Mahoney [sup.1] [sup.2] , Danielle M. Farrell [sup.1] , Christopher M. Murphy [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411024.2, 0000 0001 2175 4264, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, [...]

Fundamental to the hypothesis-driven approach to assessing the special-education (SPED) needs of English learners (ELs) is the awareness that behaviors often exhibited by ELs may mirror indicators of learning disabilities (e.g., difficulty comprehending text, difficulty following directions, lack of appropriate classroom behavior, lack of attention). We surveyed 330 school professionals to examine their perceptions about four mirrored behaviors displayed by ELs during instruction, as indicators of either a second-language difficulty or a learning disability. Only 31% of the respondents correctly indicated that none of the behaviors can distinguish these two possibilities. The probability of correct assessment was positively associated with the level of English-as-a-Second Language (ESL) training for those with less than 15 years of teaching experience and negatively associated for those with more than 20 years of experience. Correct assessment was positively associated with years of teaching experience for those with no ESL training but negatively associated for those with any level of ESL training. Correct assessment was not generally associated with the level of SPED training. From these results, we derive recommendations for improving the training of all pre- and in-service teachers in ESL instruction to better equip them to discriminate ELs' language difficulties from learning disabilities. [Note: The page range (304-329) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range for this article is p304-330. The following article begins on page 330.]

According to social cognitive theories of post-traumatic stress, trauma may increase an individual's need for control. Research has yet to explore this process as it relates to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This study examined whether power and control-related cognitions explain the relationship between trauma (i.e. trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms) and IPV perpetration. During the intake assessment at a community-based IPV intervention program, male IPV perpetrators (N = 195) provided data on trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress symptoms, relationship problems, and IPV perpetration. A composite measure of power and control-related cognitions was created using existing intake items from several measures through theoretical and statistical considerations, including factor analysis and internal consistency analyses. The composite measure of power and control-related cognitions had sufficient reliability to support a preliminary test of the hypothesized mediational model. Power and control-related cognitions were positively associated with trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress symptoms, relationship problems, and emotional abuse, but not with physical assault. Power and control mediated the association between trauma exposure and emotional abuse, but did not significantly mediate any associations between post-traumatic stress symptoms and partner abuse perpetration. These findings suggest that trauma is associated with the need for power and control often observed among IPV perpetrators, and that this process is particularly apparent with respect to emotional abuse perpetration. The results highlight the need for additional research on social cognitive mediators of the associations between trauma and IPV., Author(s): Ana I. Maldonado [sup.1] , Christopher M. Murphy [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411024.2, 0000 0001 2175 4264, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, , Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop [...]

Providing timely and effective care for patients with sepsis is challenging due to delays in recognition and intervention. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign has developed bundles that have been shown to reduce sepsis mortality. However, hospitals have not consistently adhered to these bundles, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. To address this, a multimodal quality improvement sepsis program was implemented from 2017 to 2022 in a large urban tertiary hospital. The aim of this program was to enhance the Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle compliance and reduce sepsis mortality. At baseline, the Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle compliance rates were low, at 25%, with a sepsis observed/expected mortality ratio of 1.14. Our interventions included the formation of a multidisciplinary committee, the appointment of sepsis champions, the implementation of sepsis alerts and order sets, the formation of a Code Sepsis team, real-time audits, and peer-to-peer education. By 2022, compliance rose to 62%, and the observed/expected mortality ratio decreased to 0.73. Our approach led to improved outcomes and hospital rankings. These findings underscore the efficacy of a comprehensive sepsis care initiative, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. A multimodal hospital-wide sepsis performance program is feasible and can contribute to improved outcomes. However, further research is necessary to determine the specific impact of individual strategies on sepsis outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Captive fish populations, such as those encompassing aquarium and pet fish, offer significant economic value and are integral to conservation, research, and education. However, these ornamental fish exhibit a reduced ability to protect their ocular surfaces, and our understanding of the ocular diseases that affect them remains limited. Although corneal neoplasms in carp are uncommon, identifying their distinct characteristics is crucial in selecting appropriate therapeutic interventions that aim to preserve vision, prevent the ocular loss, and ultimately ensure the survival of the affected fish. This study provides clinical and histopathological details of various proliferative corneal masses in Cyprininae species, including five koi (Cyprinus carpio) and four goldfish (Carassius auratus). It discusses a spectrum of neoplasms, including soft tissue sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, chromatophoroma, and papilloma, in addition to conditions like exuberant granulation tissue and proliferative carp pox. These findings bear significant implications for clinical decision‐making and treatment, offering valuable insights into the incidence and characteristics of corneal tumors in captive fish, which could inform further studies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-five survivors completed anonymous surveys about reporting sexual and gender-based misconduct to their public university's Title IX office, including case characteristics, perceptions of the reporting and response process (e.g., helpfulness, respect), and experiences of institutional betrayal and support. Measures and open-ended responses described varied misconduct incidents, reporting behaviors, case outcomes, process issues, and negative process consequences. Additionally, process perceptions correlated with institutional betrayal and support. Findings illuminate how survivors' Title IX process perceptions relate to experiencing harm or support from larger institutions, and offer insights into developing a Title IX process which maintains student rights and dignity regardless of outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is widely used in spinal neurosurgery, particularly for intramedullary tumours. However, its validity in intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spinal tumours is less clearly defined, this being the focus of this study. Methods: We compared outcomes for patients that underwent resection of IDEM tumours with and without IONM between 2010 and 2020. Primary outcomes were postoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores. Other factors assessed were use of intraoperative ultrasound, drain placement, postoperative complications, postoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, extent of resection, length of hospital stay, discharge location and recurrence. Results: 163 patients were included, 71 patients in the IONM group and 92 in the non-IONM group. No significant differences were noted in baseline demographics. For preoperative ASIA D patients, 44.0% remained ASIA D and 49.9% improved to ASIA E in the IONM group, compared to 39.7% and 30.2% respectively in the non-IONM group. For preoperative ASIA E patients, 50.3% remained ASIA E and 44.0% deteriorated to ASIA D in the IONM group, compared to 30.2% and 39.7% respectively in the non-IONM group (all other patients deteriorated further). Length of inpatient stay was significantly shorter in the IONM group (P =.043). There were no significant differences in extent of resection, postoperative complications, discharge location or tumour recurrence. Conclusions: Research focusing on the use of IONM in IDEM tumour surgery remains scarce. Our study supports the use of IONM during surgical excision of IDEM tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) implementation in a child and adolescent residential treatment unit and provide preliminary effectiveness data on MDT versus treatment as usual (TAU). This case study compared the efficacy of two treatment methodologies for adolescent males in residential treatment with conduct disorders and/or personality dysfunctions with physically or sexually aggressive behaviors over one year. The twenty patients were admitted to the same residential treatment unit, ten were given the MDT protocol and the other relied on TAU. Assessments of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, along with monitoring of aggressive behaviors with the evaluations conducted after one year of treatment. The results showed MDT to be more effective then TAU in reducing both physical aggression and therapeutic restraints. The promising results of this study suggest that further evaluation of MDT for the treatment of adolescent's residential patients is warranted. (Contains 8 figures and 6 tables.)

This case study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) implementation in a child and adolescent residential treatment unit and provide preliminary effectiveness data on MDT versus treatment as usual (TAU). This case study compared the efficacy of two treatment methodologies for adolescent males in residential treatment with conduct disorders and/or personality dysfunctions with physically or sexually aggressive behaviors over one year. The twenty patients were admitted to the same residential treatment unit, ten were given the MDT protocol and the other relied on TAU. Assessments of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, along with monitoring of aggressive behaviors with the evaluations conducted after one year of treatment. The results showed MDT to be more effective then TAU in reducing both physical aggression and therapeutic restraints. The promising results of this study suggest that further evaluation of MDT for the treatment of adolescent's residential patients is warranted. (Contains 5 tables and 8 figures.)

This paper compares the results of two separate published studies regarding adolescent males with conduct disorders and/or personality disorders/traits. Both studies were published in the Behavior Analyst Today, Vol. 3, No. 4, Vol 5, No. 1, respectively. The concept is to evaluate two treatment research studies that represent "the best" practices for each intervention. The first paper in this comparison represented a group of 10 adolescents, treated with a manual -based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) called Thought Change. The results of the study were promising at the time of the publication. The second paper was a group of 10 adolescent males at the same residential treatment center. There was one therapist who was involved in treatment in both studies, the first author of this paper. The second paper used mode deactivation therapy (MDT) (Apsche, Ward, & Evile 2001; Apsche & Ward 2002). Although both papers produced promising results, the potential usefulness of the comparison in the current paper is to examine what intervention might hold more promise for this typology of adolescents.

This article considers the aftermath of the publication of SOE in France. A groundbreaking official account of a secret wartime organisation, publication was followed by complaints and legal action. It examines how Whitehall responded to the negative fallout, and the tensions with the author, Professor MRD Foot, as officials refused to accept responsibility for the lack of personal testimony in the work, and prioritised settling legal cases and the avoidance of any further legal action as changes to the text were made for a revised first edition. The article also reflects upon whether the experience had any impact upon subsequent intelligence-related official histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although individuals who engage in intimate partner violence (IPV) report high rates of trauma exposure, it is unclear whether they perceive a link between trauma exposures and relationship problems, which traumas are seen as most influential, and whether such perceptions accurately reflect their relationship difficulties. Ninety-four men presenting for IPV intervention services reported their exposure to 22 adverse and potentially traumatic events (APTEs), and were asked whether these events had influenced the way that they think, act, or feel in relationships. APTEs were categorized based on whether or not they appeared to represent PTSD Criterion A traumatic events. Additionally, participants completed self-report measures of IPV use, partner injuries, emotional abuse, relationship problems, emotion regulation difficulties, and PTSD symptoms. Nearly half (43.6%) of the sample reported that one or more APTEs had influenced the way they function in relationships. Of the 92 reports of non-Criterion A APTEs, 42.4% were endorsed as relationship-influencing, whereas only 19.7% of the 310 occurrences of Criterion A APTEs were endorsed as relationship-influencing. The number of relationship-influencing APTEs reported was positively correlated with emotional abuse, relationship problems, emotion regulation difficulties, and PTSD symptoms. In contrast, the number of non-relationship-influencing APTEs reported was only correlated with emotional abuse. Findings from this exploratory study (1) demonstrate the ability of clients receiving IPV services to discern which APTEs have relevance to their relationships; (2) suggest the benefits of considering non-Criterion A APTEs; and (3) indicate the need for trauma- informed IPV intervention services., Author(s): Adam D. LaMotte [sup.1] , Tricia Gower [sup.2] , Haley Miles-McLean [sup.1] , Julian Farzan-Kashani [sup.1] , Christopher M. Murphy [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2177 1144, grid.266673.0, [...]

Inherited retinal degenerations are a common cause of untreatable blindness worldwide, with retinitis pigmentosa and cone dystrophy affecting approximately 1 in 3500 and 1 in 10,000 individuals, respectively. A major limitation to the development of effective therapies is the lack of availability of animal models that fully replicate the human condition. Particularly for cone disorders, rodent, canine, and feline models with no true macula have substantive limitations. By contrast, the cone-rich macula of a nonhuman primate (NHP) closely mirrors that of the human retina. Consequently, well-defined NHP models of heritable retinal diseases, particularly cone disorders that are predictive of human conditions, are necessary to more efficiently advance new therapies for patients. We have identified 4 related NHPs at the California National Primate Research Center with visual impairment and findings from clinical ophthalmic examination, advanced retinal imaging, and electrophysiology consistent with achromatopsia. Genetic sequencing confirmed a homozygous R565Q missense mutation in the catalytic domain of PDE6C, a cone-specific phototransduction enzyme associated with achromatopsia in humans. Biochemical studies demonstrate that the mutant mRNA is translated into a stable protein that displays normal cellular localization but is unable to hydrolyze cyclic GMP (cGMP). This NHP model of a cone disorder will not only serve as a therapeutic testing ground for achromatopsia gene replacement, but also for optimization of gene editing in the macula and of cone cell replacement in general., Introduction High-acuity vision is dependent on the cone photoreceptor visual pathway in all species with macular function. In humans with retinal disease, the final common pathway of visual acuity loss [...]

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy, a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, is a first-line, evidence-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for adults and children. It is effective for the majority of those who engage in it, but treatment adherence can be challenging for some due to the stress involved in the treatment as well as different life circumstances that arise. To help improve treatment adherence, NOCD, a provider of video teletherapy ERP, identifies those at risk of non-adherence using a prediction algorithm trained on a data set of N = 13,809 and provides targeted peer support interventions by individuals ("Member Advocates") who successfully completed ERP treatment for OCD. Member Advocates, using lived OCD experience as well as experience with ERP, engage at-risk patients through digital messaging to engage, educate, and encourage patients in the early stages of treatment. From June 2022 to August 2022, N = 815 patients deemed at risk were reached out to and n = 251 responded and engaged with the Member Advocates. In the at-risk patients who engaged, the intervention resulted in a significant mean 30.4% more therapy hours completed compared to those who did not engage. Additionally, engaged patients had greater reductions in OCD severity. These results have implications for how data science, digital interventions, and strategic peer-to-peer communication and support can be combined to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]