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Optogenetic tools respond to light through one of a small number of behaviors including allosteric changes, dimerization, clustering, or membrane translocation. Here, we describe a new class of optogenetic actuator that simultaneously clusters and translocates to the plasma membrane in response to blue light. We demonstrate that dual translocation and clustering of the BcLOV4 photoreceptor can be harnessed for novel single-component optogenetic tools, including for control of the entire family of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1-4) tyrosine kinases. We further find that clustering and membrane translocation are mechanistically linked. Stronger clustering increased the magnitude of translocation and downstream signaling, increased sensitivity to light by ~threefold-to-fourfold, and decreased the expression levels needed for strong signal activation. Thus light-induced clustering of BcLOV4 provides a strategy to generate a new class of optogenetic tools and to enhance existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the southern Slave region records the tectonic breakup of Scalvia and the formation of Nuna/Columbia. Constraints on Paleoproterozoic intrusions, therefore, have a direct influence on tectonic reconstructions of this period. This study focuses on select Paleoproterozoic intrusions in the southern Slave Craton proximal to and intruding the 2.17 Ga Blatchford Lake intrusive suite, particularly local diabase dyke swarms and two poorly documented plutonic stocks hosted within the Blatchford Lake intrusive suite. The geochemistry and geochronology of these two 1892 ± 4 Ma monzonitediorite stocks suggest that they likely represent the only northwestern extension of the Compton intrusive suite into the Slave Craton. Detailed mapping of these stocks identified cross-cutting diabase dykes and spectacular rhythmically layered gabbroic rafts. The geochemical similarities between the Compton intrusive suite sills located in the East Arm and the two intrusive stocks hosted in the Blatchford Lake intrusive suite support a petrogenetic association, but suggest that parts of the Compton intrusive suite are older than 1865 Ma. Relations between local northwest-trending diabase dykes and the intrusive stocks suggest that the dykes include two sets, one of which is coeval with the intrusion of the stocks. Results from this study indicate that locally a more protracted and complex magmatic history exists than previously considered, a feature that may be reflected in the regional geology. Le magnetisme paleoproterozoique dans le sud de la region des Esclaves enregistre la fragmentation tectonique de la Scalvia et la formation de la Nuna/Columbia. Des contraintes sur les intrusions paleoproterozoiques ont donc une influence directe sur les reconstructions tectoniques de cette periode. La presente etude cible des intrusions paleoproterozoiques choisies dans le craton des Esclaves sud a proximite de, et penetrant dans, la suite intrusive de Blatchford (2,17 Ga), surtout des essaims locaux de dykes de diabase et deux stocks plutoniques mal documentes contenus dans la suite intrusive de Blatchford. Selon la geochimie et la geochronologie de ces deux stocks de monzonite-diorite, 1892 ± 4 Ma, ils representent probablement la seule extension vers le nord-ouest de la suite intrusive de Compton dans le craton des Esclaves. Une cartographie detaillee de ces stocks a identifie des dykes de diabase transversaux et des dalles gabbroiques a interstrates rythmiques spectaculaires. Les similitudes geochimiques entre les filons-couches de la suite intrusive de Compton, situee dans le East Arm, et les deux stocks intrusifs encaisses dans la suite intrusive de Blatchford supportent une association petrogenetique, mais portent a croire que certaines parties de la suite intrusive de Compton sont plus anciennes que 1865 Ma. Les relations entre les dykes de diabase locaux a tendance nord-ouest et les stocks intrusifs suggerent que les dykes comprennent deux ensembles, dont un est contemporain a l'intrusion des stocks. Les resultats de cette etude indiquent que, localement, il existe un historique magmatique plus long et plus complexe qu'on ne l'aurait cru anterieurement, une caracteristique qui pourrait etre presente dans la geologie regionale. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction During the Paleoproterozoic, the Slave Craton detached from the Scalvia supercontinent. After separation, the Slave Craton was involved in two orogenies, the Wopmay to the east and the Thelon [...]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sample size and the quality of factor solutions obtained from exploratory factor analysis. This research expanded upon the range of conditions previously examined, employing a broad selection of criteria for the evaluation of the quality of sample factor solutions. Results showed that when communalities are high, sample size tended to have less influence on the quality of factor solutions than when communalities are low. Overdetermination of factors was also shown to improve the factor analysis solution. Finally, decisions about the quality of the factor solution depended upon which criteria were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the accruing of the civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO), with reference to the Klehr verses A.O. Smith Corp., Supreme Court case in the United States. Provisions of the RICO; Reflection of the differing accrual rules that developed since the Malley-Duff case in 1987; Number of civil RICO cases that have appeared before the year 1979; In-depth look at the last predicated act rule.

The article discusses the significance of pop music's impact on sacred choral writing.

The article offers information on the Albany Government Law Review Fireplace, the legal blog of the journal which is already on its third year of publishing student articles on a range of topics that impact New York. It notes that such resource is the first student-written and -edited blog in the U.S. The Fireplace also aims to apply the traditional print law reviews production model to web publishing.