42 results on '"Mullally B"'
Search Results
2. Prevalence of smoking among bar workers prior to the Republic of Ireland smokefree workplace legislation
- Author
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Mullally, B. J., Greiner, B. A., Allwright, S., Paul, G., and Perry, I. J.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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3. Recommendations for the management of patients with Long QT syndrome in dentistry.
- Author
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McKenna, K., Stevens, A., Mullally, B., McKeown, P., Behr, E., and Muir, A.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Smoking and patterns of bone loss in early-onset periodontitis.
- Author
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Mullally, Brian H., Breen, Blanaid, Linden, Gerard J., Mullally, B H, Breen, B, and Linden, G J
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SMOKING ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of tobacco ,PERIODONTITIS ,PERIODONTAL disease ,ALVEOLAR process - Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the extent and distribution of bone loss in subjects with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) referred for periodontal care and to study the relationship between smoking and EOP.Methods: A total of 71 consecutive referrals (21 male, 50 female) under 35 years old, who were otherwise healthy, with a clinical diagnosis of severe periodontitis were recruited for the study. Bone loss was measured from available radiographs using a Schei ruler to identify 2 patterns of destruction: localized (LEOP) in 41 (58%) and generalized early-onset periodontitis (GEOP) in 30 (42%) subjects.Results: The study population had a mean of 25.0 (SD 2.4) teeth, excluding third molars, and mean bone loss of 28.7% (SD 13.0). Bone loss was more severe in the maxilla, 30.9% (SD 13.8) compared with 26.6% (SD 14.0) in the lower arch. More than one-third (36%) of the teeth examined had at least 30% bone loss. Mean smoking experience was 9.2 pack years (SD 5.6), and 39 (55%) of the EOP subjects smoked. Smokers had significantly more maxillary bone loss than non-smokers. A much higher proportion of GEOP (70%) currently smoked compared with 44% of LEOP, P = 0.029.Conclusions: It is concluded that young adults with early-onset forms of periodontitis often have advanced periodontal destruction before they are referred for specialist care. In addition, there was a relationship between smoking and severe bone destruction in subjects with EOP, particularly those with generalized disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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5. The nodular form of polymyositis-a possible manifestation of vasculitis.
- Author
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Allen, Ingrid, Mullally, B., Mawhinney, Helen, Sawhney, B., and McKee, P.
- Published
- 1980
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6. Before and after study of bar workers' perceptions of the impact of smoke-free workplace legislation in the Republic of Ireland
- Author
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Mullally Bernie J, Kelly Alan, Paul Gillian, O'Donovan Diarmuid, Allwright Shane, Pursell Lisa, and D'Eath Maureen
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Objectives: To compare support for, and perceptions of, the impacts of smoke-free workplace legislation among bar workers in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) pre- and post-implementation, and to identify predictors of support for the legislation. Methods Setting: Public houses (pubs) in three areas of the ROI. Design: Comparisons pre- and post-implementation of smoke-free workplace legislation. Participants: From a largely non-random selection, 288 bar workers volunteered for the baseline survey; 220 were followed up one year later (76.4%). Outcome measures: Level of support for the legislation, attitude statements concerning potential impacts of the law and modelled predictors of support for the legislation. Results Pre-implementation 59.5% of participants supported the legislation, increasing to 76.8% post-implementation. Support increased among smokers by 27.3 percentage points from 39.4% to 66.7% (p < 0.001) and among non-smokers by 12.4% percentage points from 68.8% to 81.2% (p = 0.003). Pre-legislation three-quarters of participants agreed that the legislation would make bars more comfortable and was needed to protect workers' health. Post-legislation these proportions increased to over 90% (p < 0.001). However, negative perceptions also increased, particularly for perceptions that the legislation has a negative impact on business (from 50.9% to 62.7%, p = 0.008) and that fewer people would visit pubs (41.8% to 62.7%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for relevant covariates, including responses to the attitude statements, support for the ban increased two to three-fold post-implementation. Regardless of their views on the economic impact, most participants agreed, both pre- and post-implementation, that the legislation was needed to protect bar workers' health. Conclusion Smoke-free legislation had the support of three-quarters of a large sample of bar workers in the ROI. However, this group holds complex sets of both positive and negative perspectives on the legislation. Of particular importance is that negative economic perceptions did not diminish the widely held perception that the ban is needed to protect workers' health.
- Published
- 2007
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7. Patients' knowledge and views about the effects of smoking on their mouths and the involvement of their dentists in smoking cessation activities.
- Author
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Terrades, M., Coulter, W. A., Clarke, H., Mullally, B. H., and Stevenson, M.
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SMOKING cessation ,HEALTH ,SMOKING ,BAD breath ,PERIODONTAL disease ,ORAL cancer - Abstract
Background Smoking is correlated with a large number of oral conditions such as tooth staining and bad breath, periodontal diseases, impaired healing of wounds, precancer and oral cancer. These effects are often visible and in the early stages they are reversible after cessation of smoking. Dentists, as part of the health profession, are frequently in contact with the general population and there is evidence that they are as effective in providing smoking cessation counselling as any other healthcare group. Aims and methods Patients' knowledge of the effects of smoking and their attitudes towards the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities were analysed via a self-completing questionnaire and compared depending on their smoking status (smokers and non-smokers). Results The results show that patients hold very positive attitudes towards dentists' role in smoking cessation. The results also show that although patients have a good knowledge of the effects of smoking on general health, smokers are significantly less aware of the relationship between smoking and gum disease and on wound healing. Conclusions Dentists should inform their patients about the oral effects of smoking and strongly advise them not to smoke, especially in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease and requiring surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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8. Effect of gingival fluid collection on subgingival plaque sampling
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Mullally, B., Wolff, L., Hardie, N., Aeppli, D., and Pihlstrom, B.
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- 1994
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9. Cross-contamination with dental equipment.
- Author
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Coulter, Wilson A., Doonan, Alison, Mullally, Brian H., Coulter, W A, Doonan, A, and Mullally, B H
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LETTERS to the editor , *DENTAL equipment , *HIV , *HEPATITIS B , *CROSS infection prevention , *STERILIZATION (Disinfection) , *AQUATIC microbiology , *MEDICAL equipment contamination , *PREVENTION ,STERILIZATION - Abstract
Presents a letter to the editor in response to an article by Lewis and colleagues about the potential spread of HIV and hepatitis B virus from unsterilized dental equipment.
- Published
- 1993
10. Periodontics: 10. Maintenance in periodontal therapy.
- Author
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Allen E, Ziada H, Irwin C, Mullally B, and Byrne PJ
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Appointments and Schedules, Cariostatic Agents therapeutic use, Dental Implants, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Dental Prophylaxis, Disease Progression, Fluorides, Topical therapeutic use, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Motivation, Oral Hygiene, Patient Care Team, Patient Compliance, Patient Education as Topic, Patient Participation, Periodontal Diseases therapy, Risk Assessment, Root Caries prevention & control, Smoking Prevention, Subgingival Curettage, Periodontal Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Maintenance periodontal therapy is essential for the long-term stabilization of periodontal disease. An individualized programme of maintenance requirements, based on patient risk assessment for disease progression, is important, as is the need for teamwork in long-term patient management., Clinical Relevance: Maintenance or supportive therapy is an essential requirement in the management of periodontal therapy. Patients should be informed at their first visit that part of the management of their disease is regular maintenance visits.
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- 2008
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11. Periodontics: 9. Periodontitis and systemic conditions--is there a link?
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Irwin C, Mullally B, Ziada H, Byrne PJ, and Allen E
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- Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Inflammation Mediators, Periodontitis etiology, Pneumonia, Aspiration etiology, Pregnancy, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Diabetes Complications, Periodontitis complications, Premature Birth etiology
- Abstract
Unlabelled: The possibility that periodontal diseases have an effect on systemic health is being widely investigated. This paper reviews the potential links and the mechanism of these effects., Clinical Relevance: Although the effects of periodontitis on systemic health do not yet have an effect on clinical decisions, knowledge and understanding of the link, effects and mechanism are important.
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- 2008
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12. Periodontics: 8. Periodontal problems associated with compromised anterior teeth.
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Byrne PJ, Irwin C, Mullally B, Allen E, and Ziada H
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- Dental Implants, Dental Occlusion, Traumatic therapy, Dental Pulp Diseases therapy, Dental Restoration, Permanent, Dentures, Esthetics, Dental, Gingival Diseases therapy, Gingival Recession therapy, Humans, Malocclusion therapy, Periodontal Diseases pathology, Periodontal Splints, Tooth Fractures therapy, Tooth Migration therapy, Tooth Root injuries, Treatment Outcome, Incisor pathology, Periodontal Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Periodontal disease can significantly impact on the appearance of the anterior teeth. Prior to any definitive treatment, stabilization of the periodontal condition is a requirement. Treatment options can range from the placement of simple restorations, through orthodontic realignment, to the extraction and replacement of hopeless teeth. Each treatment plan must be individually tailored to the patient and level of periodontal disease, and must include provision for maintenance periodontal therapy., Clinical Relevance: Periodontal diseases may compromise the prognosis of anterior teeth. Management is challenging and clinicians should take into consideration the short and long-term survival in treatment planning.
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- 2008
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13. Periodontics: 7. Periodontal problems associated with compromised posterior teeth.
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Mullally B, Ziada H, Irwin C, Allen E, and Byrne PJ
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- Dental Pulp Diseases complications, Dental Pulp Diseases therapy, Furcation Defects complications, Furcation Defects surgery, Humans, Molar, Root Canal Therapy, Tooth Crown surgery, Furcation Defects therapy, Tooth Root surgery
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Periodontitis affecting multi-rooted teeth presents a challenge for non-surgical and surgical management. This paper reviews the management of compromised posterior teeth., Clinical Relevance: Successful management of compromised posterior teeth requires careful assessment of all contributing factors and the implementation of a long term maintenance programme.
- Published
- 2007
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14. Periodontics: 6. The management of gingival recession.
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Allen E, Irwin C, Ziada H, Mullally B, and Byrne PJ
- Subjects
- Connective Tissue transplantation, Dental Plaque complications, Gingiva injuries, Gingival Recession etiology, Gingival Recession surgery, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal, Humans, Root Caries complications, Gingival Recession therapy
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Gingival recession is a common condition affecting the dentition. This paper describes the aetiology of gingival recession and discusses the appropriate management of this condition., Clinical Relevance: Careful examination to detect gingival recession, or the factors that may place the patient at risk for recession, are important for prevention.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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15. Periodontics: 5. Surgical crown lengthening.
- Author
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Ziada H, Irwin C, Mullally B, Byrne PJ, and Allen E
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- Alveolar Process surgery, Esthetics, Dental, Gingivectomy methods, Humans, Tooth Abrasion surgery, Crown Lengthening methods
- Abstract
Unlabelled: The surgical crown lengthening procedures are usually used to facilitate the restoration of teeth with poor retentive properties. These techniques can also be applied to the management of aesthetic gingival problems., Clinical Relevance: It is important that the need for crown lengthening procedures is evaluated before any complex restorative treatments are carried out.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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16. Periodontics: 4. Surgical management of gingival and periodontal diseases.
- Author
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Ziada H, Irwin C, Mullally B, Byrne PJ, and Allen E
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- Debridement methods, Gingival Diseases surgery, Humans, Gingivectomy methods, Periodontal Diseases surgery, Surgical Flaps
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Non-surgical periodontal therapy is the first line of management in the treatment of periodontitis. Gingival and periodontal surgery should be carried out after non-surgical therapy and on patients who show excellent plaque control. This article presents the indication, contra-indication and complications of gingival and periodontal surgery and the clinical outcome of the most common procedures used., Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the periodontal surgical procedures, their indication and outcomes, are important to allow adequate evaluation and referral.
- Published
- 2007
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17. Periodontics: 3. Non-surgical periodontal therapy in general dental practice.
- Author
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Mullally B, Irwin C, Ziada H, Allen E, and Byrne PJ
- Subjects
- Dental Calculus therapy, Dental Scaling instrumentation, Gels, General Practice, Dental methods, Humans, Periodontal Diseases microbiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket microbiology, Periodontal Pocket therapy, Ultrasonic Therapy instrumentation, Ultrasonic Therapy methods, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Dental Plaque therapy, Dental Scaling methods, Periodontal Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Non-surgical periodontal therapy is an integral part of periodontal treatment and has been defined as plaque removal, plaque control, supra- and subgingival scaling, root surface debridement, and the adjunctive use of chemical agents., Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the role of non-surgical periodontal therapy is central to good patient care.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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18. Periodontics: 2. Risk factors and susceptibility in periodontitis.
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Irwin C, Mullally B, Ziada H, Allen E, and Byrne PJ
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- Female, Gingival Overgrowth chemically induced, Humans, Male, Malocclusion complications, Polymorphism, Genetic, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Physiological complications, Diabetes Complications physiopathology, Periodontitis etiology, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition initiated by microbial plaque but influenced by an array of factors that affect the development and progression of the disease. This paper summarizes the major risk factors for periodontal disease and the potential to modify specific factors., Clinical Relevance: The assessment of patients with periodontal diseases must include an evaluation of risk and susceptibility. While removal of bacterial plaque and plaque-retentive factors remains the focus of treatment, for successful, long-term management of periodontal diseases, it is also important to eliminate known risk factors.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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19. Periodontics: 1. Identification and diagnosis of periodontal diseases in general dental practice.
- Author
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Ziada H, Irwin C, Mullally B, Allen E, and Byrne PJ
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- Dental Plaque diagnosis, Furcation Defects diagnosis, General Practice, Dental instrumentation, Gingival Recession diagnosis, Humans, Malocclusion diagnosis, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket diagnosis, Tooth Mobility diagnosis, General Practice, Dental methods, Periodontal Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Unlabelled: The diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases requires a detailed examination of the signs and symptoms associated with periodontal disease. This requires a screening procedure, the BPE being sufficient in the majority of cases. Detailed examination is, however, required in more advanced or severe cases. The general dental practitioner should follow a systematic and organized examination to identify and differentiate between individuals with gingivitis, and those with mild, moderate and more advanced forms of periodontitis. Treatment planning, including the decision to refer to a consultant/specialist when appropriate, requires a clear understanding and satisfactory interpretation of the information gathered from the examination. This reduces the risk of over or under treatment, helps in evaluating the individual's response to therapy and reduces the risk of litigation., Clinical Relevance: The assessment and clinical examination of patients with periodontal diseases, as detailed in this paper, are essential for the diagnosis, effective treatment planning and future maintenance care of patients in general dental practice.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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20. Misoprostol as the primary agent for medical abortion in a low-income urban setting.
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Borgatta L, Mullally B, Vragovic O, Gittinger E, and Chen A
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- Administration, Intravaginal, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Suction statistics & numerical data, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal administration & dosage, Abortion, Induced methods, Misoprostol administration & dosage, Poverty, Urban Population
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of early medical abortion in an inner-city hospital abortion service, using misoprostol as the primary agent. This was a retrospective chart review from July 2001 through December 2002. Women were eligible if they had a viable pregnancy with gestational age 8 weeks or less by transvaginal ultrasound and no medical contraindications. Two doses of 800 microg misoprostol were administered vaginally, 24 h apart. Initial follow-up was scheduled 2-3 days later. Of the 440 women who underwent medical abortion, 373 (90.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88-94%) completed abortion medically, 38 (9.2%) had uterine aspiration and the remainder had incomplete or no follow-up. Of uterine aspirations, 11 were medically indicated, giving a rate of indicated aspiration of 2.7%. Gestational age, age, gravidity, parity, past abortion history, ethnic group and payer did not significantly correlate with overall rate of aspiration or rate of follow-up, but gestational age was correlated with medically indicated aspiration. Among 57 women who reported a time of tissue passage, the mean time from initial misoprostol dose was 8.5 h (95% CI 6.5-13 h).
- Published
- 2004
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21. The prevalence of bacteraemia on removal of fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Burden DJ, Coulter WA, Johnston CD, Mullally B, and Stevenson M
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- Actinomyces isolation & purification, Adolescent, Adult, Bacteremia microbiology, Child, Confidence Intervals, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Periodontal Index, Streptococcal Infections diagnosis, Streptococcus classification, Streptococcus isolation & purification, Veillonella isolation & purification, Viridans Streptococci classification, Viridans Streptococci isolation & purification, Bacteremia diagnosis, Dental Debonding, Orthodontic Brackets
- Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of bacteraemia on removal of fixed appliances. Venous blood samples were taken before and after debonding and debanding for 30 patients (mean age 17 years 8 months) who had worn fixed appliances for an average of 19 months. Before removal of the fixed appliances, bacteraemia was detected in one of the 30 subjects (3%) and in four subjects (13%) following removal of their fixed appliances. The 95 per cent confidence intervals for the prevalence of post-debanding bacteraemia were 3.8 and 30.7 per cent. No significant relationship was detected between the mean plaque scores (t = -0.65, P = 0.52) or the mean gingival scores (t = 0.75, P = 0.46) and the occurrence of bacteraemia. The prevalence of bacteraemia detected following debanding in this study is considerably lower than reported for dental procedures traditionally covered by antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.
- Published
- 2004
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22. Smoking cessation strategies and periodontal disease in young adults.
- Author
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Mullally B
- Subjects
- Adult, Disease Progression, Female, Health Education, Dental, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Periodontal Diseases physiopathology, Periodontitis physiopathology, Risk Factors, Smoking physiopathology, Periodontal Diseases prevention & control, Smoking Cessation methods
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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23. Child oral health promotion experiences in Northern Ireland.
- Author
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Mullally B
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Northern Ireland epidemiology, Poverty, Social Class, Dental Caries epidemiology, Dental Caries prevention & control, Health Education, Dental, Health Promotion
- Abstract
It is a curious state of affairs that the children in Northern Ireland (NI) compared with their counterparts in the Republic of Ireland and Great Britain have some of the worst dental health.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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24. Orthodontic treatment of patients with medical disorders.
- Author
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Burden D, Mullally B, and Sandler J
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- Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Arthritis, Juvenile physiopathology, Child, Cystic Fibrosis physiopathology, Decision Making, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 physiopathology, Endocarditis, Bacterial prevention & control, Hematologic Neoplasms physiopathology, Hemorrhagic Disorders physiopathology, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic physiopathology, Risk Factors, Disease, Orthodontics, Corrective
- Abstract
This article will highlight some of the problems encountered when orthodontic treatment is provided for patients who have serious medical conditions. The way in which various disease processes might influence treatment decisions will be described, as well as recommended methods of avoiding potential problems.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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25. New clinical materials and techniques in guided tissue regeneration.
- Author
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Wolff LF and Mullally B
- Subjects
- Alveolar Bone Loss surgery, Bone Regeneration, Furcation Defects surgery, Humans, Periodontal Attachment Loss surgery, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal methods, Membranes, Artificial
- Abstract
Aim: To review the evidence on using Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) techniques and materials in various clinical circumstances., Method: Literature review., Main Outcome Measures: The success of GTR techniques and materials in halting or reversing the destruction of tooth attachment apparatus caused by progressive periodontal disease., Results: GTR and osseous grafting are the two techniques with the most clinical and histological documentation of periodontal regeneration., Conclusions: GTR materials, whether non-resorbable or bioabsorbable, give similar clinical results. GTR procedures have been demonstrated to be clinically effective in treating infrabony osseous defects, recession defects, preserving alveolar bone in recent extraction sites and in some types of furcation defects. GTR procedures are technique sensitive and are adversely affected by poor home oral hygiene care, poor follow-up professional maintenance care and smoking.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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26. Periodontal signs and symptoms associated with vertical root fracture.
- Author
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Mullally BH and Ahmed M
- Subjects
- Adult, Alveolar Bone Loss etiology, Cuspid injuries, Dental Fistula etiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incisor injuries, Male, Middle Aged, Molar injuries, Periodontal Abscess etiology, Post and Core Technique adverse effects, Root Canal Therapy adverse effects, Tooth Crown injuries, Periodontitis etiology, Tooth Fractures complications, Tooth Root injuries
- Abstract
This report describes the clinical presentation of three cases of vertical root fractures in adult patients where an initial diagnosis of localized periodontitis had been considered. Loss of the affected tooth occurred in all of these patients. The effects of endodontic therapy and the provision of post-retained restorations are considered in relation to their potential effect of weakening the root and predisposing the tooth to vertical fracture. The last case presents an unrestored molar tooth with a complete vertical root fracture.
- Published
- 2000
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27. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in localized and generalized forms of early-onset periodontitis.
- Author
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Mullally BH, Dace B, Shelburne CE, Wolff LF, and Coulter WA
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- Adolescent, Adult, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacterial Infections epidemiology, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Dental Plaque microbiology, Female, Humans, Male, Northern Ireland epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Periodontitis microbiology, Periodontium microbiology
- Abstract
The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subjects with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and to evaluate the microbial differences between localized and generalized forms of this periodontal disease condition. Thirty-one females and 11 males with a mean age of 30.3 (s.d. 4.0) years were examined. Seventeen subjects had generalized (GEOP) and 25 had localized early-onset periodontitis (LEOP). Subgingival plaque samples were assayed using PCR which provided subject prevalence data for the pathogens; Bacteroides forsythus 78.6%, Treponema denticola 88.1%, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 19.0%, Porphyromonas gingivalis 16.7%, Prevotella intermedia 40.4%, Prevotella nigrescens 61.9%, Eikenella corrodens 42.3% and Campylobacter rectus 92.8%. Only 3 healthy sites harbored one or more of these periodontal pathogens. Seven of the 8 subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans had LEOP. P. intermedia was present in 58.8% of GEOP compared with 28% of LEOP subjects (p=0.046). At 82.4% of GEOP sites P. nigrescens was present while this bacteria was detected at 52% of LEOP (p=0.044). P. gingivalis was isolated from 22.6% of females but no male subjects (p=0.084). C. rectus was recovered from all female subjects compared to 72.7% of males (p=0.014). A. actinomycetemcomitans (37.5%) and C. rectus (86.5%) were more frequently identified in non-smokers compared to 7.6% and 68.8% of smokers, respectively (p <0.05). Microbial associations coincided with the clinical division of the cases into LEOP and GEOP in 83% of the subjects.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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28. Changes in substance P and neurokinin A in gingival crevicular fluid in response to periodontal treatment.
- Author
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Lundy FT, Mullally BH, Burden DJ, Lamey PJ, Shaw C, and Linden GJ
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- Adult, Aged, Dental Scaling, Female, Gingival Crevicular Fluid chemistry, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurogenic Inflammation metabolism, Neurokinin A analysis, Neurokinin A metabolism, Periodontal Index, Radioimmunoassay, Statistics, Nonparametric, Substance P analysis, Substance P metabolism, Tachykinins analysis, Gingival Crevicular Fluid metabolism, Periodontitis metabolism, Periodontitis therapy, Tachykinins metabolism
- Abstract
Background: The study of periodontitis provides a unique model for assessing the involvement of neuropeptides in inflammatory disease., Aim: To investigate the effects of periodontal treatment, resulting in a return to periodontal health, on the levels of substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)., Method: We completed a cause of non-surgical treatment for 8 subjects with periodontitis (6 females 2 males, mean age 45.1, range 38-67 years) started a course of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Clinical indices were measured at 2 periodontitis sites at the initial visit and at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment in each subject. A 30-s sample of GCF was collected from each test site using perio paper strips. Each strip was placed into 500 microl of ice cold 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, vortex mixed for 30 s, and then stored at -70 degrees C until analysed by radioimmunoassay., Results: The clinical condition of all test sites improved as a result of the periodontal treatment. The levels (pg/30 s sample) of SP fell from 56.3 (SD 66.0) at the initial visit to 4.2 (3.1) after treatment, p=0.017. The concentration (pg/microl) of SP in GCF fell from 140.6 (175.6) to 24.2 (11.1), p=0.036. The levels of NKA fell from 30.5 (17.1) to 10.6 (4.9), p=0.012 whereas the concentration changed little from 85.4 (43.5) to 61.6 (15.1), p=0.41., Conclusion: The reduction in inflammation resulting from effective periodontal treatment is associated with a reduction in the levels of tachykinins in gingival crevicular fluid.
- Published
- 2000
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29. Quantitation of Bacteroides forsythus in subgingival plaque comparison of immunoassay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
- Author
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Shelburne CE, Prabhu A, Gleason RM, Mullally BH, and Coulter WA
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- Bacteroides genetics, Bacteroides immunology, Bacteroides Infections microbiology, Humans, Bacteroides isolation & purification, Dental Plaque microbiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Periodontal Diseases microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
- Abstract
Our objective was to compare three methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], endpoint and quantitative polymerase chain reaction [E-PCR and Q-PCR]) for detection and quantitation of Bacteroides forsythus in 56 plaque samples from seven subjects with progressive periodontal disease. Samples collected in buffer were pelleted and resuspended in 500 microl of water. Fifty microl aliquots were removed for an ELISA performed on bacteria or plaque immobilized on 96-well plates and probed with B. forsythus specific antibody. An occurrence of 3.7+/-0.6 x 10(4) or more bacteria were detected by ELISA in pure culture; 26 of 54 plaque samples were positive, two samples could not be analyzed. Samples for PCR were autoclaved for 10 min prior to use. The detection level of E-PCR using primers specific for B. forsythus 16S rRNA was 200 cells and 42 out of 56 samples were positive based on ethidium bromide stained agarose gels. Q-PCR using the same primers combined with a nested fluorescent oligonucleotide probe detected 10+/-0.32 bacteria in pure culture; 43 of 56 plaque samples were positive. The ELISA and Q-PCR obtained identical results with 36 of the 54 samples assayed; there were one false positive and 17 false negative ELISA results using Q-PCR as standard. The positive proportions of plaque samples were almost the same for E-PCR and Q-PCR. We conclude that the PCR methods are more appropriate for a multicenter study because of greater sensitivity and convenience of sample transportation from clinics to a central laboratory.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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30. Palatally ectopic canines: closed eruption versus open eruption.
- Author
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Burden DJ, Mullally BH, and Robinson SN
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- Cuspid surgery, Humans, Maxilla, Mouth Mucosa cytology, Oral Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Palate, Periodontal Attachment Loss etiology, Reoperation statistics & numerical data, Time Factors, Tooth Movement Techniques, Cuspid physiopathology, Oral Surgical Procedures methods, Tooth Eruption, Ectopic surgery
- Abstract
This paper reviews the available evidence supporting 2 commonly used methods of surgically exposing palatally ectopic canines. The closed eruption method (a bonded attachment is placed at operation and the palatal flap is sutured back intact) is compared with the open eruption method (a window of palatal mucosa is excised and the canine allowed to erupt naturally). The choice of surgical technique is reviewed in terms of the long-term periodontal implications, the rate of repeat surgery, and treatment time.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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31. Molar furcation involvement associated with cigarette smoking in periodontal referrals.
- Author
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Mullally BH and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Disease Progression, Female, Furcation Defects diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molar, Odds Ratio, Radiography, Referral and Consultation, Risk Factors, Single-Blind Method, Furcation Defects etiology, Periodontitis complications, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and furcation involvement in molar teeth. A consecutive group of 50 smokers were recruited from referrals to a periodontal clinic and age and gender matched with never smokers. Smokers consumed an average of 18.0 (SD 6.7) cigarettes per day and had smoked for 2.7 (SD 6.5) years. Radiographs of all molar teeth were assessed 2 x by an examiner blinded to the smoking status. Smokers had slightly fewer molar teeth 6.7 (SD 2.6) than the never smokers, 7.3 (SD 2.3), t = 1.2, P = 0.22. More smokers (72%) had evidence of furcation involvement than never smokers (36%), x2 = 13.0, P = 0.0003. The odds ratio for a smoker having 1 molar with furcation involvement was 4.6 (c.i. 2 - 10.6). Smokers had more molars with furcation involvement 1.94 (SD 1.7) compared with never smokers, 0.94 (SD 1.4), t = 3.1, P = 0.003. It is concluded that cigarette smoking is associated with a greater expression of molar furcation involvement in periodontitis affected subjects.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Stress and the progression of periodontal disease.
- Author
-
Linden GJ, Mullally BH, and Freeman R
- Subjects
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Job Satisfaction, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss etiology, Regression Analysis, Social Class, Statistics, Nonparametric, Type A Personality, Occupational Diseases psychology, Periodontal Attachment Loss psychology, Periodontitis psychology, Stress, Psychological complications
- Abstract
This study examined the association between occupational stress and the progression of periodontitis in employed adults. 23 regular dental attenders, enrolled in a longitudinal study of periodontal disease, were examined on 2 occasions at an interval of 5.5 (SD 0.6) years. The mean age at the 2nd examination was 41.1 (SD 7.3) years. Clinical measurements of periodontal status including clinical attachment level were made at four proximal sites on all teeth. A questionnaire, the occupational stress indicator, was used at the second examination to assess stress retrospectively. The mean change in clinical attachment level was 0.63 (SD 0.42) mm and 9.6 (SD 8.6)% of sites measured at both examination lost > or = 3 mm of periodontal attachment. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between mean loss of periodontal attachment and measures of occupational stress and sociodemographic data. In the final regression model, an increase in loss of periodontal attachment was significantly predicted by increasing age, lower socio-economic status, lower job satisfaction and type A personality. In addition, locus of control was included in the regression model which explained 65% of the variance in the loss of periodontal attachment. The results suggest that occupational stress may have a relationship to the progression of periodontitis.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Ankylosis: an orthodontic problem with a restorative solution.
- Author
-
Mullally BH, Blakely D, and Burden DJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Ankylosis diagnosis, Ankylosis rehabilitation, Dental Occlusion, Traumatic etiology, Dental Occlusion, Traumatic therapy, Female, Humans, Mandible, Tooth Movement Techniques, Tooth, Impacted complications, Tooth, Impacted diagnosis, Tooth, Impacted therapy, Cuspid, Denture, Partial, Fixed, Resin-Bonded, Tooth, Impacted rehabilitation
- Abstract
This case illustrates a restorative approach using adhesive techniques to overcome the aesthetic and functional problems associated with infraclusion of a mandibular canine tooth resulting from ankylosis. In this case a diagnosis of ankylosis was confirmed after 3 months of fixed appliance orthodontic therapy failed to extrude the tooth.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The efficacy of a herbal-based toothpaste on the control of plaque and gingivitis.
- Author
-
Mullally BH, James JA, Coulter WA, and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Dental Plaque Index, Dentifrices therapeutic use, Double-Blind Method, Female, Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Gingival Hemorrhage prevention & control, Gingival Pocket prevention & control, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Index, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Gingivitis prevention & control, Magnoliopsida, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Plants, Medicinal, Sodium Bicarbonate therapeutic use, Toothpastes therapeutic use
- Abstract
A double-blind controlled clinical trial with parallel groups was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a herbal-based toothpaste in the control of plaque and gingivitis as compared with a conventional dentifrice. 70 subjects with gingivitis completed the 6-week study. All participants had at least 20 natural teeth with no probing depths greater than 3 mm and a plaque index of 2 or more at baseline. At baseline, both groups were balanced for the parameters measured: plaque index, plaque vitality, gingival index, bleeding on probing and gingival crevicular fluid flow. At the end of the trial, there were reductions within both groups, however, there were no significant differences between the groups. It was concluded that the herbal based toothpaste was as effective as the conventionally formulated dentifrice in the control of plaque and gingivitis.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The periodontal status of irregular dental attenders.
- Author
-
Mullally BH and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Dental Calculus etiology, Dental Calculus pathology, Dental Plaque etiology, Dental Plaque pathology, Female, Furcation Defects etiology, Gingival Hemorrhage etiology, Gingival Hemorrhage pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss etiology, Periodontal Attachment Loss pathology, Periodontal Diseases pathology, Periodontal Pocket etiology, Periodontal Pocket pathology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking, Social Class, Tooth pathology, Dental Care, Periodontal Diseases etiology
- Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction in irregular dental attenders. 50 subjects aged between 20 and 49 years completed a questionnaire and had a periodontal examination. Measurements of plaque, calculus, bleeding, probing depth and clinical attachment level were made at 4 proximal sites per tooth. Results were compared to those for 132 regular attenders. The irregular attenders had more sites with plaque (46.3 +/- 27% versus 17.3 +/- 21.1%) than the regulars and significantly more sites which bled (53.7 +/- 20.4% versus 33.6 +/- 20.7%) and with calculus (35 +/- 21.1% versus 13.4 +/- 12.8%). However, the irregulars had virtually the same number of teeth as the regular attenders, 25.6 +/- 3.3 compared with 25.4 +/- 4.3. Irregular attenders had slightly deeper mean probing depths (2.9 +/- 0.4 versus 2.7 +/- 0.4 mm) but the prevalence and extent of attachment loss was no different between the groups. It was concluded that the prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease as indicated by periodontal attachment loss was not related to the regularity of dental attendance in the groups studied.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Cigarette smoking and periodontal destruction in young adults.
- Author
-
Linden GJ and Mullally BH
- Subjects
- Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Periodontal Attachment Loss epidemiology, Periodontal Attachment Loss pathology, Periodontal Index, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Social Class, Periodontal Attachment Loss etiology, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
The relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal destruction was assessed in young adults. Eighty-two regular dental attenders (21 current cigarette smokers, 61 non-smokers) aged between 20 and 33 years were examined. The smokers consumed on average 15.4 (+/- 7.3) cigarettes per day and had smoked for an average of 11.8 (+/- 7) years. Cigarette smokers had almost the same levels of plaque as non-smokers but had more proximal surfaces with subgingival calculus (P < 0.01) and which bled on probing (P < 0.05). Smokers had significantly more pockets > or = 4 mm (14.6 +/- 19.9) than non-smokers (5.8 +/- 7.9), P < 0.01. Only 2 (10%) of the smokers and 1 (2%) of the non-smokers had deep pocketing (> or = 6 mm). Smokers had significantly more sites (21.8 +/- 24.9) with periodontal attachment loss of > or = 2 mm than non-smokers (9.3 +/- 12.2), P < 0.01. Severe loss of periodontal attachment (> or = 6 mm) was present in 4 (19%) of smokers compared with 2 (3%) of non smokers. In total 4 (19%) of the smokers had "established periodontitis" compared with 1 (2%) of the non-smokers. The odds ratio for the presence of "established periodontitis" and smoking was 14.1 (confidence interval 1.5 to 132.9). It is concluded that cigarette smoking was a major environmental factor associated with accelerated periodontal destruction in this selected group of young adult regular dental attenders.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Periodontal status of regular dental attenders with and without removable partial dentures.
- Author
-
Mullally BH and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Dental Plaque etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Northern Ireland epidemiology, Periodontal Index, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Denture, Partial, Removable adverse effects, Periodontal Diseases epidemiology, Periodontal Diseases etiology
- Abstract
The periodontal status of 14 regular dental attenders who had been wearing removable partial dentures was compared with a matched group of non-denture wearers. Most partial dentures were mucosally supported. Reported plaque control practices, levels of plaque, subgingival calculus and gingival bleeding, mean pocket depth and mean loss of periodontal attachment were similar in both groups. Severe destructive periodontal disease was present in five (36%) of the denture wearers compared with seven (50%) of the non-denture wearers. We conclude that regular dental attenders with partial dentures were no more likely to have poorer periodontal health than comparable non-denture wearers.
- Published
- 1994
38. Comparative reproducibility of proximal probing depth using electronic pressure-controlled and hand probing.
- Author
-
Mullally BH and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Bias, Calibration, Dental Calculus pathology, Dental Plaque pathology, Equipment Design, Gingival Hemorrhage pathology, Humans, Middle Aged, Observer Variation, Periodontal Attachment Loss pathology, Pressure, Reproducibility of Results, Electronics, Medical instrumentation, Periodontal Pocket diagnosis, Periodontal Pocket pathology, Periodontics instrumentation
- Abstract
This investigation assessed the effect of an electronic pressure-sensitive probe on the reproducibility of probing-depth measurement. Clinical measurements were made at the mesial and distal aspects of all teeth from the buccal and palatal or lingual aspects. Probing was carried out either in a conventional manner using gentle pressure referred to as hand probing or using an electronic pressure-sensitive probe set at 25 g and referred to as pressure-controlled probing. Probing-depth recordings were repeated for one randomly selected quadrant in each subject with random application of the 4 different combinations of pressure-controlled and hand probing. A total of 2584 replicate pairs of probing depth measurements were recorded on 4 proximal surfaces in 646 teeth in 100 adult subjects. The majority (98%) of all repeated measurements were within 1 mm of the initial values. The highest levels of agreement resulted when the same probing method was used at both examinations with electronic pressure-controlled probing being superior to hand probing regardless of tooth position or site. Duplicate measurements recorded with combinations of hand and pressure-controlled probing showed significant systematic bias towards shallower pocket depths with electronic pressure-controlled probing.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Candidal infection as a complication of barrier membrane placement in a diabetic patient.
- Author
-
Mullally BH, Linden GJ, and Napier SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Diabetes Complications, Female, Humans, Periodontal Diseases complications, Periodontal Diseases surgery, Candidiasis, Oral etiology, Dental Care for Chronically Ill adverse effects, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal
- Abstract
This report describes candidal infection as a complication of barrier membrane placement in a diabetic patient. This resulted in failure of the regenerative procedure and necessitated extraction of the tooth involved. Candidal hyphae were demonstrated within the dentinal tubules of the tooth. Subsequent to appropriate medical treatment to regain control of the diabetes there was an improvement in oral health.
- Published
- 1993
40. The periodontal condition of regular dental attenders in Northern Ireland.
- Author
-
Mullally BH and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Dental Calculus etiology, Dental Caries etiology, Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Plaque etiology, Dental Restoration, Permanent, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Northern Ireland, Periodontal Pocket etiology, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Surface Properties, Toothbrushing, Dental Care, Periodontal Diseases etiology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction in regular dental attenders in Northern Ireland. 132 individuals aged between 20 and 49 years who had recently had a course of routine treatment in the General Dental Service completed a questionnaire and had a periodontal examination. Measurements of plaque, subgingival calculus, bleeding, probing pocket depth and periodontal attachment level were made at 4 proximal sites per tooth. Plaque was present at an average of 17%, subgingival calculus at 13%, and bleeding on probing at 34% of interproximal surfaces examined. The mean probing pocket depth was 2.7 mm and the mean probing attachment level was 1.0 mm. Incipient periodontal destruction was common with all subjects having at least 1 pocket of greater than or equal to 3 mm and 90% having at least 1 site with greater than or equal to 2 mm attachment loss. Only 24 (18%) of those examined had deep pocketing or severe loss of periodontal attachment (greater than or equal to 6 mm). The extent of deep pocketing and severe attachment loss was low at only 0.2% and 0.6%, respectively, of the sites examined. It was concluded that gingivitis and incipient periodontitis were prevalent and extensive in the regular dental attenders investigated, but that severe periodontal destruction was uncommon.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The immediate replacement of incisor teeth using adhesive bridgework.
- Author
-
Mullally BH
- Subjects
- Adult, Dental Fistula, Humans, Incisor injuries, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontitis, Phosphates, Tooth Migration, Dental Bonding, Denture, Partial, Fixed, Resin-Bonded, Denture, Partial, Immediate, Resin Cements
- Published
- 1991
42. The identification of periodontal attachment loss from clinical measurements.
- Author
-
Mullally BH and Linden GJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Periodontal Diseases diagnosis, Periodontal Pocket diagnosis
- Abstract
Clinical readings of pocket depth and loss of periodontal attachment were recorded on the approximal sites of 21 teeth scheduled for extraction. Corresponding laboratory measurements of pocket depth and loss of periodontal attachment were made on the teeth after extraction. Clinical measurements were within 1mm of their corresponding laboratory values on 95% of occasions. Clinical readings of loss of periodontal attachment of 0 or 1mm showed poor agreement with corresponding laboratory measurements. It was concluded that the presence of loss of periodontal attachment can only be reliably identified where a clinical reading of 2mm or greater is recorded.
- Published
- 1991
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