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Successful implantation relies on the interaction between a competent embryo and a receptive endometrium. The aim of the present study was to investigate genes differentially expressed in early invasive embryonic tissue versus decidual tissue in mice. Samples were obtained from the ectoplacental cone, the immediately surrounding deciduas and from deciduas from interimplantation sites. Microarray analysis showed that 817 genes were differentially expressed between extra-embryonic tissue and the surrounding decidua and that 360 genes were differentially expressed between the different deciduas, with a high representation of developmental processes. Genes differentially expressed in the maternal compartment included chemokines, lipoproteins, growth factors and transcription factors, whereas the embryonic invasive tissue expressed genes commonly observed in invasive tumour-like processes. These results provide information about genes involved in early embryonic invasion and the control exerted by the surrounding decidua. This information may be useful to find targets involved in pathologies associated with implantation failure and early pregnancy loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that rating trust and reputation of individual nodes is an effective approach in distributed environments in order to improve security, support decision-making and promote node collaboration. Nevertheless, these systems are vulnerable to deliberate false or unfair testimonies. In one scenario, the attackers collude to give negative feedback on the victim in order to lower or destroy its reputation. This attack is known as bad mouthing attack. In another scenario, a number of entities agree to give positive feedback on an entity (often with adversarial intentions). This attack is known as ballot stuffing. Both attack types can significantly deteriorate the performances of the network. The existing solutions for coping with these attacks are mainly concentrated on prevention techniques. In this work, we propose a solution that detects and isolates the abovementioned attackers, impeding them in this way to further spread their malicious activity. The approach is based on detecting outliers using clustering, in this case self-organizing maps. An important advantage of this approach is that we have no restrictions on training data, and thus there is no need for any data pre-processing. Testing results demonstrate the capability of the approach in detecting both bad mouthing and ballot stuffing attack in various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a case of congenital ranula or retention salivary cyst diagnosed at 26 weeks of gestation. The fetal karyotype was obtained by amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, and was normal. Follow-up ultrasound scans revealed no changes in the size or the position of the cyst. Surgical treatment was performed 2 days after a normal vaginal delivery, with excellent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2019, the European Committee for the Study of Antimicrobial Susceptibility (EUCAST) introduced some changes in the definitions of clinical categories for antibiotic susceptibility. The objective of these changes was to improve the credibility of category "I", optimizing and lengthening the survival and use of available antibiotics in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. This article aims to describe and explain these changes in the EUCAST criteria as well as make a short review about the factors on which the antibiotic susceptibility criteria depend., (©The Author 2022. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

The year 2020 was the year of infectious diseases with the arrival of SARS-CoV-2, which represented a profound change in the world we knew. However, we present a brief description of some of the top infectious diseases articles from 2020 not related with SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed a selection of the most important and relevant achievements in diagnosis and therapy related to bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, infections by Clostridioides difficile, mycobacterial infections and invasive fungal infections. This year entailed a significant step forward in the indisputable value of the health care stewardship programs.

Purpose: We reviewed the clinical features of post-traumatic infections produced by Clostridium celerecrescens reported in the literature. C. celerecrescens is an emerging pathogen involved in traumatic wound infection that progresses to deep infection and osteomyelitis., Methods: We found only 4 cases reported in the literature with enough data to be analysed and we added our own case and experience with this type of infection. The identification was performed by matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF) or API gallery, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to confirm identification in all cases., Results: Identification of the bacteria is discrepant according to the method used due to the genetic and phenotypic similarities of other species of the genus. Identification through MALDI-TOF and API gallery is not suitable for determining the specie, confirmation by 16S rRNA sequencing being necessary. Treatment of the infection included complex antibiotic combinations and surgical treatment together with skin and soft tissue dressings due to the persistence of the pathogen over time., Conclusion: This report supports the pathogenic role of C. celerecrescens in post-traumatic infections and the need to improve the management of these difficult-to-treat infections., (Copyright © 2020 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) non metallo-β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates at Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza, Spain) from February 2016 to October 2017., Methods: We evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and other antipseudomonal antibiotics against 12 MDR and 117 XDR non metallo-β-lactamase producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Ceftolozane-tazobactam minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by MIC gradient diffusion test strip., Results: Among the 129 MDR/XDR isolates included, 119 (92.2%) were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam, and ten (7.8%) were resistant. MIC50 was 2 mg/L, and MIC90 4 mg/L. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was the second most active antibiotic after colistin, overtaking amikacin., Conclusions: Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a valuable treatment option for MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa infections in our setting., (©The Author 2019. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).)

This article summarises the objectives, methodology and initial conclusions of the project "Commitment to Quality of the Spanish Scientific Societies", coordinated by the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine and the Aragon Institute of Health Sciences, in which 48 scientific societies participate. This project's objectives are to decrease the use of unnecessary medical interventions, which are those that have shown no efficacy, have little or questionable effectiveness or are not cost-effective; decrease variability in clinical practice; promote the commitment among physicians and patients to properly use healthcare resources; and to promote clinical safety. The document includes 135 final recommendations for what not to do, prepared by 30 Spanish scientific societies., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

During embryo implantation, the blastocyst interacts with and regulates the endometrium, and endometrial fluid secreted by the endometrial epithelium nurtures the embryo. Here, we propose that maternal microRNAs (miRNAs) might act as transcriptomic modifier of the pre-implantation embryo. Microarray profiling revealed that six of 27 specific, maternal miRNAs were differentially expressed in the human endometrial epithelium during the window of implantation--a brief phase of endometrial receptivity to the blastocyst--and were released into the endometrial fluid. Further investigation revealed that hsa-miR-30d, the expression levels of which were most significantly upregulated, was secreted as an exosome-associated molecule. Exosome-associated and free hsa-miR-30d was internalized by mouse embryos via the trophectoderm, resulting in an indirect overexpression of genes encoding for certain molecules involved in the murine embryonic adhesion phenomenon--Itgb3, Itga7 and Cdh5. Indeed, this finding was supported by evidence in vitro: treating murine embryos with miR-30d resulted in a notable increase in embryo adhesion. Our results suggest a model in which maternal endometrial miRNAs act as transcriptomic modifiers of the pre-implantation embryo., (© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)