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This study attempted to discuss the historical context and current practice of forensic medicine in South Asia. Comparisons within and between countries in South Asia, and between South Asia and the developed countries (represented by Japan and the USA) have been made to provide an insight into their distinct practice of forensic medicine. Though the formal establishment of forensic medicine in South Asia commenced at a comparable period to the developed countries, their pace of development has been considerably slow. Moreover, their ways of practice as well have evolved differently. In effect, South Asian countries follow an 'integrated service' system, whilst Japan and the USA practice 'divided service' systems to provide forensic medical services. Similarly, regarding the death investigations, most South Asian countries follow a Police-led death investigation system, whereas Japan and the USA follow a hybrid model and the Medical examiner's system of death investigation, respectively. Indeed, forensic medicine in South Asia is undeniably underdeveloped. In this paper, by highlighting the issues and challenges confronted in South Asia, key actions for prompt redressal are discussed to improve the standard of forensic medical services in South Asia.

BACKGROUND: Intracardiac hypostasis is frequently observed in postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) of acute deaths, and it becomes clearer as the postmortem interval increases. To determine the postcardiac arrest interval (PCAI), we evaluated densities of the right and left atria [anterior part of the right atrium (AR) and posterior part of the left atrium (PL)] using postmortem computed tomographic images. METHODS: A total of 184 patients were included in the study. Patients with return of spontaneous circulation and those with final alive confirmation time over 1 hour were excluded. We evaluated the density of AR and PL at the level of the right inferior pulmonary vein entry to the left atrium. We defined the interval between the estimated cardiac arrest time and the postmortem CT time as the PCAI. RESULTS: There was a negative correlation between AR and PCAI in 59 patients who died owing to cardiovascular disease. The regression equation (PCAI = −1.725 × AR + 132.95) was obtained based on this result. There was no correlation between PL and PCAI. CONCLUSION: The result suggests that the density of the anterior part of the right atrium decreases as postcardiac arrest interval increases in the case of cardiovascular disease. The regression equation may be used as an additional method to estimate postcardiac arrest interval.