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Amr Ehab El-Qushayri,1,* Sherief Ghozy,2,* Sara Morsy,3 Faria Ali,4 Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam5 1Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 2Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 3Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Allegiance Health, Jackson, MI 49201, USA; 5Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sherief GhozyFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptEmail sherief_ghozy@yahoo.comPurpose: We aimed to test if blood transfusion is a risk factor for the prevalence of cancer.Patients and Methods: We conducted secondary analyses using the NHANES database from 1999 to 2016. We included all individuals who received a blood transfusion with known cancer comorbidity (diseased or not). We used univariate logistic regression to identify any possible association between history of blood transfusion and the prevalence of cancer with adjustment for different co-founders was done. Regression results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for both adjusted and unadjusted models.Results: A total of 48,796 individuals were included in the final analysis: 6333 of them received a blood transfusion, while the other 42,463 individuals did not. In individuals who received a blood transfusion, the most prevalent cancer was breast cancer (3.4%), followed by prostate (3.0%), non-melanoma skin (2.4%) cancers, while non-melanoma skin (1.2%), prostate (1.1%) and breast (1.1%) cancers were the most prevalent in the no transfusion individuals. There was a significant association between the reported history of blood transfusion and the overall prevalence of cancer in both the unadjusted (OR= 3.47; 95% CI= 3.23– 0.72; P-value< 0.001) and adjusted model (OR= 1.86; 95% CI= 1.72– 0.2.01; P-value< 0.001). On the level of individual cancers, a significant reduction in cancer prevalence was found in patients with breast, cervix, larynx, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, melanoma, prostate, skin (non-melanoma), skin (unspecified), soft tissue, testicular, thyroid, and uterine cancers.Conclusion: Results did not imply any concrete association between cancer risk and history of blood transfusion. These findings would help in debunking the myth of increased cancer risk following blood transfusion.Keywords: blood transfusion, cancer, association, prevalence

In this paper, the physical inventory taking of nuclear materials (NM) (under safeguards application) at the nuclear fuel research laboratory at Inshas, Egypt has been considered. NM with different forms and sizes were verified. The verification method based on non-destructive measurements of gamma radiation emitted from NM was tested. Monte Carlo method (MCNP5) and Multi-Group Analysis software (MGAU Genie 2000, version 3.2) were used to estimate 235U mass content in the studied forms. Some of the parameters which affect NM mass estimation were also investigated. The proposed procedure covers different forms found at the nuclear fuel research laboratory such as pellets, sludge, and rods. The average accuracies for the estimated 235U masses ranged between -0.351 and -1.005 %, while the precision was about 2.065 and 7.45 % for MCNP5 and MGAU respectively. These results are found to be acceptable within the limits of the International Target Values.

Benthic habitats mapping is essential to the management and conservation of marine ecosystems. The traditional methods of mapping benthic habitats, which involve multibeam data acquisition and manually collecting and annotating imagery data, are time-consuming. However, with technological advances, using machine learning (ML) algorithms with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become a promising approach for mapping benthic habitats accurately and at very high resolutions. This paper explores using SfM photogrammetry and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier for benthic habitat 3D mapping of a vertical wall at the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone in the North Atlantic Ocean. The classification workflow started with extracting frames from video footage. The SfM was then applied to reconstruct the 3D point cloud of the wall. Thereafter, nine geometric features were derived from the 3D point cloud geometry. The XGBoost classifier was then used to classify the vertical wall into rock, sponges, and corals (Case 1 - three classes). In addition, we separated the sponges class into three types of sponges: Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, and other Porifera (Case 2 - five classes). Moreover, we compared the results from XGBoost with the widely used ML classifier, random forest (RF). For Case 2, XGBoost achieved an overall accuracy (OA) of 74.45%, while RF achieved 73.10%. The OA improved by about 10% from both classifiers when the three types of sponges were combined into one class (Case 1). Results showed that the presented 3D mapping of benthic habitat has the potential to provide more detailed and accurate information about marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green energy is increasingly used due to the lack of traditional resources and the increase in environmental pollution, which badly affects our planet in all aspects of life including air, plant life, seas, oceans, etc. In this context, buildings' rooftops extraction approach for photovoltaic (PV) potential estimation is presented into two main phases. First, rooftops detection from satellite images using image pre-processing techniques and a machine learning algorithm. The pre-processing steps include gamma correction, shadow, vegetation masking, kmeans, and connected components. Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is then applied to extract rooftops. Second, using two GIS-based methods, PVGIS and Solar Analyst Tool in ArcGIS, for PV estimation. Satellite images for a part of Madinaty city in Egypt were used to evaluate our approach. The accuracy assessment of SVM expressed by the precision and recall were 95.7% and 90%, respectively. The identifiable rooftops in the image were 112 rooftops with a total area of 26,131 m2. The annual PV potential area was estimated to be 9.3 and 8.7 MWh/year using PVGIS and Solar Analyst Tool, respectively. PVGIS was more accurate as it uses more recent data from solar databases that exist in Africa. On the other hand, Solar Analyst Tool was less accurate as it depends on a digital elevation model with a resolution of 30 m. According to our calculations, the electric energy and the amount of CO2 emission were compensated by an annual average value of 48% for using solar panels instead of the traditional sources of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D road mapping is essential for intelligent transportation system in smart cities. Road features can be utilized for road maintenance, autonomous driving vehicles, and providing regulations to drivers. Currently, 3D road environment receives its data from Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) systems. MLS systems are capable of rapidly acquiring dense and accurate 3D point clouds, which allow for effective surveying of long road corridors. They produce huge amount of point clouds, which requires automatic features classification algorithms with acceptable processing time. Road features have variant geometric regular or irregular shapes. Therefore, most researches focus on classification of one road feature such as road surface, curbs, building facades, etc. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are widely used for predicting the future or classifying information to help policymakers in making necessary decisions. This prediction comes from a pre-trained model on a given data consisting of inputs and their corresponding outputs of the same characteristics. This research uses ML algorithms for mobile LiDAR data classification. First, cylindrical neighbourhood selection method was used to define point's surroundings. Second, geometric point features including geometric, moment and height features were derived. Finally, three ML algorithms, Random Forest (RF), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were applied. The ML algorithms were used to classify a part of Paris-Lille-3D benchmark of about 1.5 km long road in Lille with more than 98 million points into nine classes. The results demonstrated an overall accuracy of 92.39%, 78.5%, and 78.1% for RF, GNB, and QDA, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Plant Protection & Pathology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Patients with Graves' disease (GD) treated with 131I represent potential radiation hazard to others including household contacts. Radiation safety is considered an integral part in the protocol of this therapeutic modality. Each center offering this medical service gives specific protective recommendations that should help to ensure compliance with guidelines and radiation precaution regulations for each country, with a final aim of reducing potential harmful radiation exposure to others. Aim We aimed at evaluation of how safe is the use of low dose 131I in the treatment of patients with Graves' disease on outpatient basis and assessment of compliance of patients and their household contacts to radiation safety instructions (RSI). Measurement of cumulative radiation exposure (CRE) to household contacts and radiation exposure rate (RER) to household environment were our tools. Another aim was looking for patients and contacts factors that can significantly affect CRE to household contacts. Patients and methods RSI were properly explained in details by qualified professionals to 23 patients with GD and 39 out of 117 household contacts. Patients received 131I doses ranging from 370 to 740 MBq. Measurements of contacts CRE and RER in different household areas were done five days post 131I therapy. CRE figures were correlated with different demographic and educational factors of both patients and contacts. Results All CRE figures were well below 1 mSv, ranging from 0.079 to 0.992 mSv. All household environment RER were also below constraint. No single studied demographic or educational factor had statistically significant correlation with CRE, yet contacts who attended direct RSI education sessions had relatively lower CRE figures. Conclusion Treatment of GD with 131I on outpatient basis is a safe therapeutic modality with no single household contacts or household environment radiation overexposure, providing RSI are given in a proper way by qualified professionals with an advice to be given to all patients' household contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim of the work To evaluate the effect of etanercept and adalimumab on anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and serum hepcidin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Patients and methods Our study included 90 patients with active RA; all of them had anemia of chronic disease and 30 controls. RA patients were divided into 3 equal groups. Group I received methotrexate (MTX) plus placebo. Group II received MTX plus etanercept. Group III received MTX plus adalimumab. Assessments was done using disease activity score-28, serum hepcidin, hemoglobin, iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor before and 16 weeks after treatment. Results There was a significant decrease in the disease activity variables after 16 weeks of treatment in all Groups (P < 0.05) and this decrease was significant when comparing MTX group and both TNF-α inhibitors groups, but nonsignificant when comparing between TNF-α inhibitors groups. In both TNF-α inhibitors groups the ACD parameters of these patients significantly improved (P < 0.05) without significant differences between these two groups, but in Group I the results were nonsignificant. A dramatic decrease in serum hepcidin-25 levels after 16 weeks of treatment occurred in both Groups II and III; serum hepcidin-25 levels showed significant positive correlation with disease activity variables. There were nonsignificant differences between Group II and III. Conclusions Treatment with etanercept or adalimumab plus MTX significantly improved ACD in RA patients without significant differences between them. Serum hepcidin is a potential indicator for anemia of chronic disease and disease activity in RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the evolution of the LiDAR technology, multispectral airborne laser scanning systems are currently available. The first operational multispectral airborne LiDAR sensor, the Optech Titan, acquires LiDAR point clouds at three different wavelengths (1.550, 1.064, 0.532 μm), allowing the acquisition of different spectral information of land surface. Consequently, the recent studies are devoted to use the radiometric information (i.e., intensity) of the LiDAR data along with the geometric information (e.g., height) for classification purposes. In this study, a data clustering method, based on Gaussian decomposition, is presented. First, a ground filtering mechanism is applied to separate non-ground from ground points. Then, three normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) are computed for both non-ground and ground points, followed by histograms construction from each NDVI. The Gaussian function model is used to decompose the histograms into a number of Gaussian components. The maximum likelihood estimate of the Gaussian components is then optimized using Expectation - Maximization algorithm. The intersection points of the adjacent Gaussian components are subsequently used as threshold values, whereas different classes can be clustered. This method is used to classify the terrain of an urban area in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, into four main classes, namely roofs, trees, asphalt and grass. It is shown that the proposed method has achieved an overall accuracy up to 95.1% using different NDVIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data is widely used in remote sensing applications, such as topographic and landwater mapping. Recently, airborne multispectral LiDAR sensors, which acquire data at different wavelengths, are available, thus allows recording a diversity of intensity values from different land features. In this study, three normalized difference feature indexes (NDFI), for vegetation, water, and built-up area mapping, were evaluated. The NDFIs namely, NDFIG-NIR, NDFIG-MIR, and NDFINIR-MIR were calculated using data collected at three wavelengths; green: 532 nm, near-infrared (NIR): 1064 nm, and mid-infrared (MIR): 1550 nm by the world's first airborne multispectral LiDAR sensor "Optech Titan". The Jenks natural breaks optimization method was used to determine the threshold values for each NDFI, in order to cluster the 3D point data into two classes (water and land or vegetation and built-up area). Two sites at Scarborough, Ontario, Canada were tested to evaluate the performance of the NDFIs for land-water, vegetation, and built-up area mapping. The use of the three NDFIs succeeded to discriminate vegetation from built-up areas with an overall accuracy of 92.51%. Based on the classification results, it is suggested to use NDFIG-MIR and NDFINIR-MIR for vegetation and built-up areas extraction, respectively. The clustering results show that the direct use of NDFIs for land-water mapping has low performance. Therefore, the clustered classes, based on the NDFIs, are constrained by the recorded number of returns from different wavelengths, thus the overall accuracy is improved to 96.98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to investigate the biochemical effect of flaxseed oil on oxidative stress and brain monoamines release in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty male albino rats were divided into following four groups (15 for each group): control group, flaxseed oil group, diabetic group, and flaxseed oil-treated diabetic group. Serum glucose, insulin, pentosidine, plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and plasma total antioxidant capacity were estimated. Brain neurotransmitters, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were also determined. The mean values of serum pentosidine and plasma AOPP showed a significant decrease in treated diabetic group as compared to their values in the diabetic group. Also, brain neurotransmitters levels were improved after treatment with flaxseed. Brain MDA and NO were increased significantly in the diabetic group, while they were significantly decreased after treatment. Brain NO and brain MDA had a significant positive correlation with pentosidine, AOPP, and neurotransmitters. We concluded that flaxseed oil supplementation may be useful in the treatment of brain dysfunction in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powdery mildew disease caused by Leveillula taurica induces significant losses in yield and quality of pepper. Therefore, this study is an attempt to evaluate some non-traditional methods (culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis, fulvic acid, Artemisia cina and clove oil extracts as well as nanosilica) against powdery mildew of pepper under greenhouse conditions during 2010 and 2011 seasons. Carbendazim was used as recommended compound against powdery mildew fungus. All treatments were applied four times with 7 days intervals compared to control in each season. Results showed that all the treatments were effective against powdery mildew fungus of pepper compared to control. Fulvic acid was the most effective treatment against the disease, followed by filtrate of B. subtilis and then clove oil treatments, while A. cina extract, carbendazim and nanosilica were the lowest effective ones in both seasons. The results suggest the possible use of such natural products and nanosilica as effective and safe alternative control methods for powdery mildew of pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Surgical approaches to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae are complex and cause significant morbidity. The commonest benign tumour to extend to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae is angiofibroma.Patients and methods:This prospective study included 15 male patients aged 12–27 years with recurrent, severe epistaxis. After computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, a modified Wormald and Robinson's two-surgeon approach was used. Follow up, with endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, ranged from two to five years.Results:Twelve patients were cured (endoscopically and radiologically). Three patients suffered recurrence, one each in the lateral sphenoid wall, pterygoid canal and infratemporal fossa. Revision surgery was performed, but one patient suffered another recurrence (lateral sphenoid wall with cavernous sinus infiltration) and was referred for gamma knife surgery.Conclusion:This endoscopic two-surgeon technique is an excellent approach for managing angiofibroma extending to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. Our modification markedly decreased morbidity by avoiding septum opening and sublabial incision, and by enabling better haemostasis (via maxillary artery control). Recurrence may be minimised by careful examination of the lateral sphenoid wall, pterygoid canal and infratemporal fossa pterygoid muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The influence of micellar and Ca(OH)2 water system on the rates of alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was studied and evaluated quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The critical micelle concentrations and rate constants of reactions in the micellar phase were determined in micellar solutions of cationic, anionic or nonionic systems. An increase in the rates of alkaline hydrolysis of TNT was observed. Alkaline hydrolysis of TNT using mixture of nonionic surfactant micelles and anionic surfactant showed higher degradation than that with a cationic surfactant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated allergic fungal rhinosinusitis cases, and aimed to compare the detection of fungi in sinus aspirate by culture and by polymerase chain reaction assay, and to relate the presence of fungi in the nasal sinuses to the type of fungal allergen causing disease. Methods: Sixty-eight cases of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis underwent fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction assay for universal fungal, aspergillus and bipolaris DNA. Aspergillus-specific immunoglobulin E levels were measured in sinus aspirate, and total serum immunoglobulin E levels were calculated. A control group of 10 cases was included in the study. Results: Of the 68 allergic fungal rhinosinusitis cases, only 42 (61.7 per cent) had positive fungal cultures; of the 10 controls, only three (30 per cent) had positive cultures. Species from the dematiaceous family were most commonly grown, being isolated in 30 cases (71.4 per cent). Bipolaris was the most commonly isolated species (18 cases) followed by curvularia (11 cases) and alternaria (one case). Polymerase chain reaction assay detected fungal DNA in all the allergic fungal rhinosinusitis cases and also in four controls (40 per cent). Ten patients (of 68; 14.7 per cent) were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus specific immunoglobulin E. The mean concentration of this immunoglobulin was 11.32 ± 4.12 IU/ml in patients and 0 IU/ml in controls, a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Detection of fungal DNA in nasal aspirate by polymerase chain reaction was superior to fungal cultures as a method of detecting fungal growth. In allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, fungal growth is not always accompanied by an allergic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and economic experimental sorptive -flotation procedure is presented for the removal of copper(II) species from aqueous solutions. It is based on using powdered marble wastes (PMW), which are widespread and inexpensive and may represent an environmental problem, as the effective inorganic sorbent and oleic (HOL) as the surfactant. The main parameters (i.e.initial solution pH, sorbent, surfactant and copper concentrations, stirring times, ionic strength, temperature and the presence of foreign ions) influencing the flotation of PMW and/or Cu(II) were examined. Nearly, 100 % of PMW and Cu(II) were removed from aqueous solutions at pH7 after stirring for 10 min and at room temperature, (~25°C). The procedure was successfully applied to recover Cu(II) spiked to some natural water samples. A mechanism for sorption and flotation is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the status of the new hybrid desalination methods which need more research like thermal vapor compression and direct contact membrane distillation system. The objective of this research is to theoretically investigate the characteristics of a hybrid desalination system composed of a thermal vapor compression (TVC) and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) systems using parabolic trough concentrator as a heat source. The proposed hybrid system aims to recover the heat of the rejected brine from thermal vapor compression system in order to obtain the highest fresh water productivity and thermal efficiency and lowest cost of fresh water product from the system. The theoretical simulation of all the systems were developed and solved by Engineering equation solver (EES).After the validation of all the models, the design of thermal vapor compression and direct contact membrane distillation were selected. It was concluded that the best operating conditions to run the system is at motive steam pressure of 3000 kPa and boiling temperature of 70 ℃. The dynamic behavior of the hybrid system was conducted at the selected operating conditions at different seasons of the year in order to examine the performance of the system through the year. Finally, economic study was developed for the proposed dynamic hybrid desalination system. The results showed that both of the performance ratio and water productivity enhanced by 7.3 % by adding the DCMD as a secondary desalination unit. In addition, the dynamic hybrid system efficiency reached to 75%. Also, the cost of the fresh water product by dynamic hybrid desalination system was 0.0176 $/ L.

Powdery mildew, Oidiopsis taurica (Leveillula taurica) and early blight, Alternaria solani induce significant losses in yield and quality of tomato fruits. Therefore, this study was an attempt to evaluate some of non-traditional methods (culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis, Artemisia cina and clove oil extracts as well as nanosilica) against powdery mildew and early blight of tomato under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons; 2010 and 2011. Penconazole and Equation® Pro (cymoxanil + famoxadone) were used as a recommended compound against powdery mildew and early blight diseases, respectively. All treatments were applied four times with 7 days intervals relative to control in each season. Obtained results showed that all tested treatments were effective against the powdery mildew and the early blight diseases relative to control. Penconazole, B. subtilis filtrate and clove oil were the most effective treatments, followed by A. cina extract while nanosilica was the lowest effective one against powdery mildew in both seasons. B. subtilis filtrate and Equation-pro were the most effective against early blight, followed by clove oil, A. cina extracts and nanosilica treatments in both seasons. The results suggest possible use of natural products and nanosilica as effective and safe alternative control methods for powdery mildew and early blight diseases in tomato under greenhouse conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina has been reported to be a serious disease in wheat growing areas in the world and in Egypt as well. There are two drowbacks of chemical control of the disease, one of which is enviromental polluation and the other is the cost. Therefore, ten non-traditional treatments were evaluated herein to stimulate and induce resistance against P. triticina with different applications and treatments. The results showed that the best applied treatment was spray before and after inocultion by 24 hrs, in which incubation, latent periods, infection types, number of pustules/cm2, pustule length, pustule width and total chlorophyll, followed by the treatment of spray befor inocultion by 24 hrs and treatment of seed treatment and spray before inocultion by 24 hrs. On the other hand, seed treatment was the lowest one. The best treatments were sumi-8, Art. 1% + 50 % sumi-8, Art. 2% + Zn and Art. 2% + Mn. Interstingly that the selected treatments showed significant reduction of electrolyte leakage (EL)%, increased activity of catalase (CAT) enzyme and decreased thereby the activities of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) compared to control tratement. Accordingly, this study suggests possible use of these effective treatments for controlling wheat leaf rust, especially treatments combined with Artemisia cina extract. Further studies are needed to evaluate the side effects of the used natural products to reflect their safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nephrotoxicity is a common complication that limits the clinical utility of cisplatin. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent necrotic cell death program that is mediated by phospholipid peroxidation. The molecular mechanisms that disrupt iron homeostasis and lead to ferroptosis are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), a selective cargo receptor that mediates ferroptosis and autophagic degradation of ferritin in nephrotoxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly-assigned to four groups: control group, cisplatin (Cis)-treated group, deferiprone (DEF)-treated group, and Cis+DEF co-treated group. Serum, urine, and kidneys were isolated to perform biochemical, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Iron accumulation was found to predispose to ferroptotic damage of the renal tubular cells. Treatment with deferiprone highlights the role of ferroptosis in nephrotoxicity. Upregulation of NCOA4 in parallel with low ferritin level in renal tissue seems to participate in iron-induced ferroptosis. This study indicated that ferroptosis may participate in cisplatin-induced tubular cell death and nephrotoxicity through iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. Iron dyshomeostasis could be attributed to NCOA4-mediated ferritin degradation.