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Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of different methods, both ablative and non-ablative, to treat hydrosalpinx in infertile patients before in-vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) via a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA)., Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in common citation databases. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies comparing the effectiveness and/or safety of different hydrosalpinx treatments, including salpingectomy, laparoscopic proximal tubal occlusion (LTO), insertion of an intratubal device (ITD), ultrasound-guided aspiration, sclerotherapy and expectant management. Primary outcomes were live birth, ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy. Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and procedural complications were considered as secondary outcomes. The main NMA included only RCTs, while observational studies were included in a secondary aggregate NMA. Pooled effects were summarized as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI for direct and indirect comparisons, derived from random-effects models. Imprecision of NMA estimates was assessed by comparison of their 95% CIs with predefined thresholds for effect size considered to represent clinical relevance (OR < 0.9 or >1.1). Heterogeneity for NMA findings was estimated using the variance of the distribution of the underlying treatment effects (τ 2 ), expressed as a 95% prediction interval. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to predict relative treatment rankings for each outcome., Results: The main analysis included nine RCTs, while an additional 17 observational studies were incorporated into the aggregate analysis. The NMA of RCTs revealed no significant differences in live birth rate between hydrosalpinx treatment methods, with LTO achieving the highest SUCRA value (0.9). Salpingectomy and ultrasound-guided aspiration significantly increased the ongoing pregnancy rate compared with no treatment (OR, 4.35 (95% CI, 1.70-11.14) and 2.80 (95% CI, 1.03-7.58), respectively), with salpingectomy having the highest SUCRA value (0.9). Clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher following salpingectomy (OR, 2.24 (95% CI, 1.30-3.86)) and LTO (OR, 2.55 (95% CI, 1.20-5.51)) compared with no treatment, despite some heterogeneity; LTO had the highest SUCRA value (0.8). NMA showed no significant differences in secondary outcomes between treatments. Aggregate NMA indicated that sclerotherapy significantly increased the live birth rate compared with no treatment. Higher ongoing pregnancy rate was observed in patients treated with salpingectomy, ultrasound-guided aspiration and LTO compared to untreated patients, with salpingectomy having the highest SUCRA value (0.9). Except for ITD insertion, all interventions increased the clinical pregnancy rate compared with no treatment. LTO had a greater effect on clinical pregnancy rate compared to ultrasound-guided aspiration, with no significant differences in other pairwise comparisons. NMA ranked LTO as the most effective treatment for increasing the clinical pregnancy rate and reducing the miscarriage rate, while sclerotherapy was deemed safer with regard to the ovarian response to IVF stimulation., Conclusions: This NMA fails to support the effectiveness of any hydrosalpinx treatment to improve the live birth rate following IVF-ET, although the beneficial effect of salpingectomy and ultrasound-guided aspiration on ongoing pregnancy rate and of salpingectomy and LTO on clinical pregnancy rate reinforces current recommendations. Based on the aggregated analysis, sclerotherapy could be an effective alternative to conventional laparoscopic techniques, with a favorable safety profile. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

The objective of this article is to compare the amount of intraoperative blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy when performing bilateral transient clamping of the uterine and utero-ovarian arteries versus no intervention. It´s a randomized controlled prospective study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and HM Montepríncipe-Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, in women with fibroid uterus undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy. Eighty women diagnosed with symptomatic fibroid uterus were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic myomectomy without additional intervention (Group A) or temporary clamping of bilateral uterine and utero-ovarian arteries prior to laparoscopic myomectomy (Group B). Estimated blood loss, operating time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative hemoglobin values were compared in both groups. The number of fibroids removed was similar in both groups (p = 0.77). Estimated blood loss was lower in the group of patients with prior occlusion of uterine arteries (p = 0.025) without increasing operating time (p = 0.17) nor length of stay (p = 0.17). No patient had either intra or postoperative complications. Only two patients (2.5%) required blood transfusion after surgery. We conclude that temporary clamping of bilateral uterine arteries prior to laparoscopic myomectomy is a safe intervention that reduces blood loss without increasing operative time., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Congenital uterine anomalies (CUA) can be associated with impairments of early and late pregnancy events., Objective: To assess the impact of CUA on reproductive outcomes in pregnancies conceived spontaneously or after assisted reproduction., Materials and Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing patients with CUA versus women with normal uterus. A structured literature search was performed in leading scientific databases to identify prospective and retrospective studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale, adapted to AHRQ standards, was used to assess the risk of bias. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Publication bias and statistical heterogeneity were assessed, and meta-regression was used to analyse the heterogeneity., Main Outcome Measures: Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, term, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM), malpresentation at delivery, preterm delivery prior to 37, 34 and 32 weeks, caesarean delivery, intrauterine growth restriction/small for gestational age, foetal mortality and perinatal mortality., Results: 32 studies were included. CUAs increased significantly the risk of first/second trimester miscarriage (OR:1.54;95%CI:1.14-2.07), placental abruption (OR:5.04;3.60-7.04), PROM (OR:1.71;1.34-2.18), foetal malpresentation at delivery (OR:21.04;10.95-40.44), preterm birth (adjusted OR:4.34;3.59-5.21), a caesarean delivery (adjusted OR:7.69;4.17-14.29), intrauterine growth restriction/small for gestational age (adjusted OR:50;6.11-424), foetal mortality (OR:2.07;1.56-2.73) and perinatal mortality (OR:3.28;2.01-5.36)., Conclusions: CUA increases the risk of complications during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. Complications most frequent in CUA patients were preterm delivery, foetal malpresentation, and caesarean delivery., What Is New?: Bicornuate uterus was associated with the highest number of adverse outcomes, followed by didelphys, subseptate and septate uterus.

Background: Isthmoceles are described as complications associated with caesarean section (CS). Only symptomatic isthmoceles should be treated. The main symptoms are abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the absence of any other causes, pelvic pain and secondary infertility. There are several techniques described for the correction of isthmoceles. Isthmoplasty can be performed by hysteroscopy, laparoscopy or vaginal surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hysteroscopic surgical treatment of isthmoceles in women with associated symptoms such as pelvic pain and AUB., Materials and Methods: A prospective case series study was performed; this study included all women with AUB, pelvic pain and ultrasonographic (US) diagnosis of isthmocele, who had undergone hysteroscopic correction between June 2014 and December 2017 in our Hospital., Results: Thirty eight women underwent surgical hysteroscopy for correction of symptomatic isthmoceles. All patients presented AUB, 42.1% experienced pelvic pain and 28.9% had secondary infertility. US evaluation of isthmoceles was performed using 2D ultrasound. The residual myometrial thickness (RMT) above the isthmocele was measured in women who expected future pregnancy; if it was <2.5 mm the patient was not included in the study because the correction was performed laparoscopically. Follow-up was performed one and two months after the surgery. In all cases, pelvic pain was resolved one month after the surgery. AUB disappeared within the first month in 87.5% of patients and in the second month in 96.8% of subjects; however, one patient needed further surgery to alleviate her symptoms. Secondary infertility was assessed one year after surgical isthmoplasty. Seven women completed the first year of follow up, and three of them (42.8%) reported pregnancy after treatment between six and eight months after the surgery., Conclusion: Hysteroscopic correction of symptomatic isthmoceles may constitute a safe and effective technique for patients who present AUB and pelvic pain., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright© by Royan Institute. All rights reserved.)

Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors are rare neoplasms of unknown etiology that are classified as distinct from endometrial stromal tumors on the basis of their morphologic, molecular, and behavioral characteristics. These neoplasms have a variable immunophenotype, sometimes coexpressing epithelial, myoid, and sex cord markers. To date, only 2 cases of uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors associated with tamoxifen use have been reported. Here, we report the case of a 49-year-old woman who had been using tamoxifen for 5 years to treat breast cancer. The tumor was initially diagnosed by hysteroscopy biopsy on the basis of morphologic and immunohistochemical features. Hysterectomy revealed a polypoid mass measuring 20 mm. After an 18-month follow-up, the patient remains disease free. Here, we review the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors and endometrial stromal tumors with a sex cord component associated with tamoxifen treatment.