36 results on '"Moran, Colin N."'
Search Results
2. Global Comparisons of Age, Gender and Socioeconomic Status Differences of Physical Fitness Health Risk in South African Primary School Children: Longitudinal Data from the NW-CHILD Study.
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Muller, Xonné, Pienaar, Anita E., Gerber, Barry, Moran, Colin N., and Brooks, Naomi E.
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- 2024
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3. A citizen science study of short physical activity breaks at school: improvements in cognition and wellbeing with self-paced activity
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Booth, Josephine N., Chesham, Ross A., Brooks, Naomi E., Gorely, Trish, and Moran, Colin N.
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- 2020
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4. Response to Daly-Smith et al.’s commentary on ‘The Daily Mile makes primary school children more active, less sedentary and improves their fitness and body composition: a quasi-experimental pilot study’
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Chesham, Ross A., Booth, Josephine N., Sweeney, Emma L., Ryde, Gemma C., Gorely, Trish, Brooks, Naomi E., and Moran, Colin N.
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- 2019
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5. The Daily Mile makes primary school children more active, less sedentary and improves their fitness and body composition: a quasi-experimental pilot study
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Chesham, Ross A., Booth, Josephine N., Sweeney, Emma L., Ryde, Gemma C., Gorely, Trish, Brooks, Naomi E., and Moran, Colin N.
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- 2018
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6. Effects of diabetes family history and exercise training on the expression of adiponectin and leptin and their receptors
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Moran, Colin N., Barwell, Nicholas D., Malkova, Dalia, Cleland, Steve J., McPhee, Ian, Packard, Chris J., Zammit, Victor A., and Gill, Jason M.R.
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- 2011
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7. Fruit Development: New Directions for an Old Pathway
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Moran, Colin N. and Halliday, Karen J.
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- 2010
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8. Functional neurogenomics of the courtship song of male Drosophila melanogaster
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Moran, Colin N. and Kyriacou, Charalambos P.
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- 2009
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9. Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners
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Moran, Colin N., Scott, Robert A., Adams, Susan M., Warrington, Samantha J., Jobling, Mark A., Wilson, Richard H., Goodwin, William H., Georgiades, Evelina, Wolde, Bezabhe, and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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- 2004
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10. ACTN3 genotype, athletic status, and life course physical capability: meta-analysis of the published literature and findings from nine studies
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Alfred, Tamuno, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Cooper, Rachel, Hardy, Rebecca, Cooper, Cyrus, Deary, Ian J., Gunnell, David, Harris, Sarah E., Kumari, Meena, Martin, Richard M., Moran, Colin N., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Ring, Susan M., Sayer, Avan Aihie, Smith, George Davey, Starr, John M., Kuh, Diana, and Day, Ian N.M.
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- 2011
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11. Mitochondrial DNA lineages of elite Ethiopian athletes
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Scott, Robert A., Wilson, Richard H., Goodwin, William H., Moran, Colin N., Georgiades, Evelina, Wolde, Bezabhe, and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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- 2005
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12. The Impact of the Daily Mile™ on School Pupils' Fitness, Cognition, and Wellbeing: Findings From Longer Term Participation.
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Booth, Josephine N., Chesham, Ross A., Brooks, Naomi E., Gorely, Trish, and Moran, Colin N.
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PARTICIPATION ,PHYSICAL fitness ,COGNITION ,CITIZEN science ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
Background: School based running programmes, such as The Daily Mile™, positively impact pupils' physical health, however, there is limited evidence on psychological health. Additionally, current evidence is mostly limited to examining the acute impact. The present study examined the longer term impact of running programmes on pupil cognition, wellbeing, and fitness. Method: Data from 6,908 school pupils (mean age 10.2 ± 0.7 years), who were participating in a citizen science project, was examined. Class teachers provided information about participation in school based running programmes. Participants completed computer-based tasks of inhibition, verbal and visual-spatial working memory, as well as the Children's Feeling scale and Felt arousal scale to determine subjective wellbeing. A multistage 20-m shuttle run test was used to estimate fitness. Results: From our total sample of 6,908 school pupils, 474 participants had been taking part in a running programme for <2 months (Shorter term participation); 1,004 participants had Longer Term participation (>3 months); and 5,430 did not take part in a running programme. The Longer Term participation group had higher fitness levels than both other groups and this remained significant when adjusted for age, sex and SES. Moderated regression analysis found that for the Shorter Term participation group, higher shuttle distance was associated with better visual-spatial working memory. Effect sizes were small though. Conclusion: We identified small and selective positive impact of participation in school based running programmes on fitness and cognition. While no long term benefit was identified for cognition or wellbeing, the impact on fitness and short term benefit suggest schools should consider participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. ACTN3 Genotypes and Obesity-, Power- and Endurance-Related Phenotypes in Adolescent Greeks: 782: 9:00 AM – 9:15 AM
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Moran, Colin N., Yang, Nan, MacArthur, Daniel G., Vassilopoulos, Christos, Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Jamurtas, Athanasios, Bailey, Mark E., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., North, Kathryn, and Wilson, Richard H.
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- 2006
14. Physical Activity-dependent Effects Of Beta-adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms On Obesity-related Phenotypes In Children: 2470 3:45 PM - 4:00 PM
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Moran, Colin N., Vassilopoulos, Christos, Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Jamurtas, Athanasios Z., Wilson, Richard H., and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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- 2005
15. Changes in adipose tissue microRNA expression across the menstrual cycle in regularly menstruating females: a pilot study.
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MacGregor, Kirstin A., Rodriguez-Sanchez, Nidia, Di Virgilio, Thomas G., Barwell, Nick D., Gallagher, Iain J., and Moran, Colin N.
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MENSTRUAL cycle ,ABDOMINAL adipose tissue ,OVARIAN reserve ,ADIPOSE tissues ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,MICRORNA ,RNA regulation ,TISSUE metabolism - Abstract
Cyclical changes in hormone profiles across the menstrual cycle are associated with alterations in metabolic control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to regulating metabolic control, including adipose tissue metabolism. How fluctuations in hormonal profiles across the menstrual cycle affect adipose tissue miRNA expression remains unknown. Eleven healthy, regularly menstruating females underwent four sampling visits across their menstrual cycle. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and venous blood samples were collected at each sampling visit. Luteinizing hormone (LH) tests, calendar counting, and serum hormone concentrations were used to determine menstrual cycle phases: early-follicular (EF), late-follicular (LF), postovulatory (PO), and midluteal (ML). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, LH, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone were determined using multiplex magnetic bead panels and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Global adipose tissue miRNA expression levels were determined via microarray in a subset of participants (n = 8) and 17 candidate miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR in the whole cohort (n = 11). Global analysis of adipose tissue miRNA expression identified 33 miRNAs significantly altered across the menstrual cycle; however, no significant differences remained after correcting for multiple testing (P > 0.05). RT-qPCR analysis of candidate miRNAs revealed miR-497-5p expression was significantly altered across the menstrual cycle (g2p = 0.18, P = 0.03); however, post hoc tests did not reveal any significant differences between menstrual cycle phases (P > 0.05). miR-30c-5p was associated with testosterone concentration (R2 = 0.13, P = 0.033). These pilot data indicate differences in adipose tissue miRNAs in healthy women across the menstrual cycle and a weak association with ovarian hormones. Further research in larger sample sizes is required to confirm regulation of miRNA expression across the menstrual cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Menstrual Cycle Is Modified by BMI, Fitness, and Physical Activity in NHANES.
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MacGregor, Kirstin A., Gallagher, Iain J., and Moran, Colin N.
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INSULIN sensitivity ,MENSTRUAL cycle ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Context: There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective: This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999 to 2006 were analyzed. Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglycerides, and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analyzed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity, and CRF, and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results: Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (P = .014) but not triglycerides (P = .369), insulin (P = .470), HOMA-IR (P = .461), and ADIPO-IR (P = .335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1) BMI: glucose (P < .001), triglycerides (P < .001), insulin (P < .001), HOMA-IR (P < .001), and ADIPO-IR (P < .001); 2) physical activity: glucose (P < .001), triglycerides (P = .006), and ADIPO-IR (P = .038); and 3) CRF: triglycerides (P = .041), insulin (P = .002), HOMA-IR (P = .004), and ADIPO-IR (P = .004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (P = .018). Conclusion: Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity, and CRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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17. Human skeletal muscle metabolic responses to 6 days of high‐fat overfeeding are associated with dietary n‐3PUFA content and muscle oxidative capacity.
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Wardle, Sophie L., Macnaughton, Lindsay S., McGlory, Chris, Witard, Oliver C., Dick, James R., Whitfield, Philip D., Ferrando, Arny A., Wolfe, Robert R, Kim, Il‐Young, Hamilton, D. Lee, Moran, Colin N., Tipton, Kevin D., and Galloway, Stuart D. R.
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SKELETAL muscle ,FISH oils ,STABLE isotope tracers ,GLUCOSE tolerance tests ,CITRATE synthase ,ANAEROBIC capacity - Abstract
Understanding human physiological responses to high‐fat energy excess (HFEE) may help combat the development of metabolic disease. We aimed to investigate the impact of manipulating the n‐3PUFA content of HFEE diets on whole‐body and skeletal muscle markers of insulin sensitivity. Twenty healthy males were overfed (150% energy, 60% fat, 25% carbohydrate, 15% protein) for 6 d. One group (n = 10) received 10% of fat intake as n‐3PUFA rich fish oil (HF‐FO), and the other group consumed a mix of fats (HF‐C). Oral glucose tolerance tests with stable isotope tracer infusions were conducted before, and following, HFEE, with muscle biopsies obtained in basal and insulin‐stimulated states for measurement of membrane phospholipids, ceramides, mitochondrial enzyme activities, and PKB and AMPKα2 activity. Insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal did not change following HFEE, irrespective of group. Skeletal muscle ceramide content increased following HFEE (8.5 ± 1.2 to 12.1 ± 1.7 nmol/mg, p =.03), irrespective of group. No change in mitochondrial enzyme activity was observed following HFEE, but citrate synthase activity was inversely associated with the increase in the ceramide content (r=−0.52, p =.048). A time by group interaction was observed for PKB activity (p =.003), with increased activity following HFEE in HF‐C (4.5 ± 13.0mU/mg) and decreased activity in HF‐FO (−10.1 ± 20.7 mU/mg) following HFEE. Basal AMPKα2 activity increased in HF‐FO (4.1 ± 0.6 to 5.3 ± 0.7mU/mg, p =.049), but did not change in HF‐C (4.6 ± 0.7 to 3.8 ± 0.9mU/mg) following HFEE. We conclude that early skeletal muscle signaling responses to HFEE appear to be modified by dietary n‐3PUFA content, but the potential impact on future development of metabolic disease needs exploring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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18. The Daily Mile: What factors are associated with its implementation success?
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Ryde, Gemma C., Booth, Josephine N., Brooks, Naomi E., Chesham, Ross A., Moran, Colin N., and Gorely, Trish
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PHYSICAL activity ,EDUCATIONAL intervention ,PRIMARY schools ,LIFESTYLES & health ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Background: Despite the known benefits of a physically active lifestyle, there are few examples of interventions that have been successfully implemented at a population level over a long period of time. One such example is The Daily Mile, a school based physical activity initiative, where a teacher takes their class out daily during class time for a short bout of ambulatory activity. At one school, this activity appears has been sustained over a long period (6 years), has the whole school participating and is now incorporated into its daily routine. The aim of this paper was to understand how The Daily Mile was implemented in primary schools and to assess factors associated with its successful implementation. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with school staff who had a significant role in implementing The Daily Mile were conducted at four primary schools in central Scotland. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and descriptive analysis and interpretation of data undertaken. Details regarding the school grounds and facilities were also noted during the interviews. Results: Having simple core intervention components, flexible delivery that supports teacher autonomy and being adaptable to suit the specific primary school context appear to be key aspects of The Daily Mile that are related to its implementation success. Other factors relating to how The Daily Mile was developed, trialled and rolled out might also have contributed towards its successful implementation. Conclusion: The Daily Mile appears to have several factors which may relate to its implementation success. These are important considerations for others looking to implement The Daily Mile effectively in their primary school or in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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19. Tour de France Champions born or made: where do we take the genetics of performance?
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Moran, Colin N. and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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CYCLING , *ATHLETIC ability , *GENES , *ELITE athletes , *EPIGENOMICS - Abstract
Cyclists in the Tour de France are endurance specialists. Twin and family studies have shown that approximately 50% of the variance in a number of performance-related phenotypes (whether measured at baseline, i.e., natural talent, or in response to training) including those important to cycling can be explained by genetic variation. Research into the specific genetic variants that are responsible has identified over 200 genes containing common genetic variants involved in the genetic predisposition to physical performance. However, typically these explain only a small portion of the variance, perhaps 1–2% and collectively they rarely explain anything approaching the 50% of the variance identified in the twin and family studies. Thus, there is a gap in our understanding of the relationship between heritability and performance. This gap may be bridged by investigation of rare variants or epigenetic variation or by altering study designs through increased collaborations to pool existing cohorts together. Initial findings from such efforts show promising results. This mini-review will touch on the genetics and epigenetics of sporting performance, how they relate to cyclists in the Tour de France and where best future efforts may be directed as well as discuss some preliminary research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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20. Evolutionary History of the ADRB2 Gene in Humans
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Wilson, Richard H., Moran, Colin N., Cole, John J., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., and Bailey, Mark E.S.
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- 2010
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21. The Future of Genomic Research in Athletic Performance and Adaptation to Training.
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Guan Wang, Masashi Tanaka, Eynon, Nir, North, Kathryn N., Williams, Alun G., Collins, Malcolm, Moran, Colin N., Britton, Steven L., Noriyuki Fuku, Ashley, Euan A., Klissouras, Vassilis, Lucia, Alejandro, Ahmetov, Ildus I., de Geus, Eco, Alsayrafi, Mohammed, and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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- 2016
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22. Athlome Project Consortium: a concerted effort to discover genomic and other "omic" markers of athletic performance.
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Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Masashi Tanaka, Eynon, Nir, Bouchard, Claude, North, Kathryn N., Williams, Alun G., Collins, Malcolm, Moran, Colin N., Britton, Steven L., Noriyuki Fuku, Ashley, Euan A., Klissouras, Vassilis, Lucia, Alejandro, Ahmetov, Ildus I., de Geus, Eco, and Alsayrafi, Mohammed
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BIOMARKERS ,DISEASE susceptibility ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,DELETION mutation ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,SPORTS medicine - Abstract
Despite numerous attempts to discover genetic variants associated with elite athletic performance, injury predisposition, and elite/world-class athletic status, there has been limited progress to date. Past reliance on candidate gene studies predominantly focusing on genotyping a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms or the insertion/deletion variants in small, often heterogeneous cohorts (i.e., made up of athletes of quite different sport specialties) have not generated the kind of results that could offer solid opportunities to bridge the gap between basic research in exercise sciences and deliverables in biomedicine. A retrospective view of genetic association studies with complex disease traits indicates that transition to hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches will be more fruitful. In studies of complex disease, it is well recognized that the magnitude of genetic association is often smaller than initially anticipated, and, as such, large sample sizes are required to identify the gene effects robustly. A symposium was held in Athens and on the Greek island of Santorini from 14 -17 May 2015 to review the main findings in exercise genetics and genomics and to explore promising trends and possibilities. The symposium also offered a forum for the development of a position stand (the Santorini Declaration). Among the participants, many were involved in ongoing collaborative studies (e.g., ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE). A consensus emerged among participants that it would be advantageous to bring together all current studies and those recently launched into one new large collaborative initiative, which was subsequently named the Athlome Project Consortium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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23. Exercise-conditioned plasma attenuates nuclear concentrations of DNA methyltransferase 3B in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Horsburgh, Steven, Todryk, Stephen, Toms, Christopher, Moran, Colin N., and Ansley, Les
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EXERCISE ,HEALTH ,DNA methyltransferases ,METHYLTRANSFERASES ,DNA methylation - Abstract
DNA methylation is modifiable by acute and chronic exercise. DNA methyltransferases ( DNMT) catalyze this process; however, there is a lack of literature concerning the specific mechanisms by which exercise-induced modifications occur. Interleukin 6 ( IL-6) stimulation of various cell lines has been shown to augment DNMT expression and nuclear translocation, which suggests a possible pathway by which exercise is able to elicit changes in epigenetic enzymes. The present study sought to elucidate the response of the de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B to circulatory factors found in plasma isolated from whole blood before and after 120-min of treadmill running at an intensity of 60% of individual velocity at [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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24. Plasma MicroRNA Levels Differ between Endurance and Strength Athletes.
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Wardle, Sophie L., Bailey, Mark E. S., Kilikevicius, Audrius, Malkova, Dalia, Wilson, Richard H., Venckunas, Tomas, and Moran, Colin N.
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MICRORNA ,ATHLETES ,GENE expression ,REGRESSION analysis ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in the circulation and are likely to function in inter-organ communication during a variety of metabolic responses that involve changes in gene expression, including exercise training. However, it is unknown whether differences in circulating-miRNA (c-miRNA) levels are characteristic of training modality. Methods: We investigated whether levels of candidate c-miRNAs differ between elite male athletes of two different training modalities (n = 10 per group) - endurance (END) and strength (STR) - and between these groups and untrained controls (CON; n = 10). Fasted, non-exercised, morning plasma samples were analysed for 14 c-miRNAs (miR-1, miR-16-2, miR-20a-1, miR-21, miR-93, miR-103a, miR-133a, miR-146a, miR-192, miR-206, miR-221, miR-222, miR-451, miR-499). Moreover, we investigated whether c-miRNA levels were associated with quantitative performance-related phenotypes within and between groups. Results: miR-222 was present at different levels in the three participant groups (p = 0.028) with the highest levels being observed in END and the lowest in STR. A number of other c-miRNAs were present at higher levels in END than in STR (relative to STR, ± 1 SEM; miR-222: 1.94 fold (1.73-2.18), p = 0.011; miR-21: 1.56 fold (1.39-1.74), p = 0.013; miR-146a: 1.50 fold (1.38-1.64), p = 0.019; miR-221: 1.51 fold (1.34-1.70), p = 0.026). Regression analyses revealed several associations between candidate c-miRNA levels and strength-related performance measures before and after adjustment for muscle or fat mass, but not following adjustment for group. Conclusion: Certain c-miRNAs (miR-222, miR-21, miR-146a and miR-221) differ between endurance- and resistance-trained athletes and thus have potential as useful biomarkers of exercise training and / or play a role in exercise mode-specific training adaptations. However, levels of these c-miRNAs are probably unrelated to muscle bulk or fat reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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25. Fat Oxidation, Fitness and Skeletal Muscle Expression of Oxidative/Lipid Metabolism Genes in South Asians: Implications for Insulin Resistance?
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Hall, Lesley M. L., Moran, Colin N., Milne, Gillian R., Wilson, John, MacFarlane, Niall G., Forouhi, Nita G., Hariharan, Narayanan, Salt, Ian P., Sattar, Naveed, and Gill, Jason M. R.
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HEALTH of South Asians , *INSULIN resistance , *OBESITY , *LIPID metabolism , *OXIDATIVE stress , *EUROPEANS , *FATTY acids , *METHODOLOGY , *BIOPSY , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *BODY size - Abstract
Background: South Asians are more insulin resistant than Europeans, which cannot be fully explained by differences in adiposity. We investigated whether differences in oxidative capacity and capacity for fatty acid utilisation in South Asians might contribute, using a range of whole-body and skeletal muscle measures. Methodology/Principal Findings: Twenty men of South Asian ethnic origin and 20 age and BMI-matched men of white European descent underwent exercise and metabolic testing and provided a muscle biopsy to determine expression of oxidative and lipid metabolism genes and of insulin signalling proteins. In analyses adjusted for age, BMI, fat mass and physical activity, South Asians, compared to Europeans, exhibited; reduced insulin sensitivity by 26% (p = 0.010); lower VO2max (40.6±6.6 vs 52.4±5.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, p = 0.001); and reduced fat oxidation during submaximal exercise at the same relative (3.77±2.02 vs 6.55±2.60 mg.kg-1.min-1 at 55% VO2max, p = 0.013), and absolute (3.46±2.20 vs 6.00±1.93 mg.kg-1.min-1 at 25 ml O2.kg-1.min-1, p = 0.021), exercise intensities. South Asians exhibited significantly higher skeletal muscle gene expression of CPT1A and FASN and significantly lower skeletal muscle protein expression of PI3K and PKB Ser473 phosphorylation. Fat oxidation during submaximal exercise and VO2max both correlated significantly with insulin sensitivity index and PKB Ser473 phosphorylation, with VO2max or fat oxidation during exercise explaining 10- 13% of the variance in insulin sensitivity index, independent of age, body composition and physical activity. Conclusions/Significance: These data indicate that reduced oxidative capacity and capacity for fatty acid utilisation at the whole body level are key features of the insulin resistant phenotype observed in South Asians, but that this is not the consequence of reduced skeletal muscle expression of oxidative and lipid metabolism genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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26. FTO genotype and adiposity in children: physical activity levels influence the effect of the risk genotype in adolescent males.
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Scott, Robert A., Bailey, Mark E. S., Moran, Colin N., Wilson, Richard H., Fuku, Noriyuki, Tanaka, Masashi, Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Jamurtas, Athanasios Z., Grammatikaki, Evangelia, Moschonis, George, Manios, Yannis, and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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CHILDHOOD obesity ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,SCHOOL food ,BODY weight ,NUTRITION disorders - Abstract
Studies of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene provide compelling evidence of genetic variation in the general population that influences fat levels and obesity risk. Studies of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors such as physical activity (PA) will promote the understanding of how lifestyle can modulate genetic contributions to obesity. In this study, we investigated the effect of FTO genotype, and interactions with PA or energy intake, in young children and adolescents. In all, 1-5-year-old children from the Growth, Exercise and Nutrition Epidemiological Study in preSchoolers (GENESIS) study (N=1980) and 11-18-year-old Greek adolescents (N=949) were measured for adiposity-related phenotypes and genotyped at the FTO single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker, rs17817449. Adolescents were classified as physically active or inactive based on self-reported levels of PA. In adolescents, FTO genotype influenced weight (P=0.001) and BMI (P=0.007). There was also a significant SNP
* PA* gender interaction (P=0.028) on BMI, which reflected the association between FTO genotype and BMI in males (P=0.016), but not females (P=0.15), and significant SNP* PA interaction in males (P=0.007), but not females (P=0.74). The FTO genotype effect was more pronounced in inactive than active males. Inactive males homozygous for the G allele had a mean BMI 3 kg/m2 higher than T carriers (P=0.008). In the GENESIS study, no significant association between FTO genotype and adiposity was found. The present findings highlight PA as an important factor modifying the effect of FTO genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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27. Interaction effects between total energy and macronutrient intakes and angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE) I/D polymorphism on adiposity-related phenotypes in toddlers and preschoolers: the Growth, Exercise and Nutrition Epidemiological Study in ...
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Kourlaba, Georgia, Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Lagou, Vasiliki, Grammatikaki, Evangelia, Moran, Colin N., Kondaki, Katerina, Roma-Giannikou, Eleytheria, and Manios, Yannis
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE) I/D polymorphism and energy and macronutrient intakes on adiposity-related phenotypes among toddlers and preschoolers. A representative sample of 2374 Greek children aged 1 to 5 years old was examined (Growth, Exercise and Nutrition Epidemiological Study in preSchoolers (GENESIS)). Dietary and anthropometric (i.e. BMI, waist circumference (WC)) assessments were carried out using standard procedures. DNA samples were obtained from 2102 children and were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphism. Among the entire population, 17 % were ‘at risk of overweight’ and a similar percentage were ‘overweight’. The frequencies of the II, ID and DD genotypes were 16, 46 and 38 %, respectively. Significant interactions were found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and total energy intake on WC (P = 0·004 for interaction) and the ACE I/D polymorphism and protein intake on BMI and being overweight (P < 0·05 for interaction). Furthermore, it was found that the ACE I/D polymorphism may modify the effect of fat intake on WC and BMI, but this interaction disappeared after adjustment for additional potential confounders. Stratified analyses revealed that total energy is correlated with WC and protein intake is associated with BMI and being overweight only among carriers of the D-allele (i.e. DD or ID genotypes). These results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may act as a modifying factor in the response of adiposity-related phenotypes to diet. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2008
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28. Association analysis of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and complex quantitative body composition and performance phenotypes in adolescent Greeks.
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Moran, Colin N., Nan Yang, Bailey, Mark E. S., Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Jamurtas, Athanasios, MacArthur, Daniel G., North, Kathryn, Pitsiladis, Yannis P., and Wilson, Richard H.
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GENETIC polymorphisms , *POPULATION genetics , *PHENOTYPES , *HUMAN body composition , *TEENAGERS , *GREEKS - Abstract
The functional allele (577R) of ACTN3, which encodes human α-actinin-3, has been reported to be associated with elite athletic status and with response to resistance training, while the nonfunctional allele (577X) has been proposed as a candidate metabolically thrifty allele. In a study of 992 adolescent Greeks, we show that there is a significant association (P=0.003) between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and 40 m sprint time in males that accounts for 2.3% of phenotypic variance, with the 577R allele contributing to faster times in an additive manner. The R577X polymorphism is not associated with other power phenotypes related to 40 m sprint, nor with an endurance phenotype. Furthermore, the polymorphism is not associated with obesity-related phenotypes in our population, suggesting that the 577X allele is not a thrifty allele, and thus the persistence of this null allele must be explained in other terms.European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 88–93. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201724; published online 11 October 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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29. The associations of ACE polymorphisms with physical, physiological and skill parameters in adolescents.
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Moran, Colin N., Vassilopoulos, Christos, Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Jamurtas, Athanasios Z., Bailey, Mark E. S., Montgomery, Hugh E., Wilson, Richard H., and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
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HUMAN genetic variation , *ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *GENOTYPE-environment interaction , *PHENOTYPES , *TEENAGERS - Abstract
Genetic variation in the human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with many heritable traits, including physical performance. Herein we report the results of a study of several physical, physiological and skill parameters and lifestyle in 1027 teenage Greeks. We show that there is a strong association (P<0.001) between the ACE I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism and both handgrip strength and vertical jump in females, homozygotes for the I-allele exhibiting higher performance-related phenotype scores, accounting for up to 4.5% of the phenotypic variance. The association is best explained by a model in which the D-allele is dominant, with the mean phenotypic value in the I/D heterozygotes being close to that of the mean of the DD homozygotes. The association acts across the phenotype distribution in a classical polygenic manner. Other polymorphisms that define major ACE haplotypes in European populations (rs4424958, rs4311) show weaker associations with these performance-related phenotypes than does I/D. Similarly, diplotypes defined by these polymorphisms do not explain significantly larger amounts of the variance than I/D alone. As ACE I/D is the polymorphism most strongly associated with circulating ACE activity in European populations, we propose that the functional allelic differences that influence ACE activity also mediate the associations with the performance-related phenotypes studied here.European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 332–339. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201550; published online 4 January 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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30. Effects of Interaction between Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Polymorphisms and Lifestyle on Adiposity in Adolescent Greeks**.
- Author
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Moran, Colin N., Vassilopoulos, Christos, Tsiokanos, Athanasios, Jamurtas, Athanasios Z., Bailey, Mark E.S., Wilson, Richard H., and Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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31. Examining the relationship between menstrual cycle phase with metabolic control and adipose tissue microRNA expression
- Author
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MacGregor, Kirstin A., Moran, Colin N., and Iain, Gallagher J.
- Subjects
menstrual cycle ,insulin sensitivity ,microRNA ,ovarian hormones ,metabolism ,Menstruation ,Insulin resistance ,Hormones - Abstract
The menstrual cycle is a fundamental biological rhythm governing physiology in females of a reproductive age. Regulated across an approximately 4-weekly duration, the menstrual cycle is characterised by cyclical fluctuations in ovarian hormones (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) and pituitary hormones (luteinizing hormone sand follicle stimulating hormone). Ovarian hormones are metabolically active and exert key regulatory roles in metabolic control. Correspondingly, a variety of metabolic parameters undergo cyclical rhythmicity across the menstrual cycle, in association with the ovarian hormone milieu. However, female physiology is under-researched. Our understanding of variation in metabolic control across the menstrual cycle and the associated molecular mechanisms remains limited. Gaining a full understanding of how metabolic control varies across the menstrual cycle is crucial for the diagnoses, treatment and prevention of metabolic disease in females. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to examine cyclical variation in insulin resistance and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle. Additionally, to examine the role of inflammatory markers and miRNAs as potential molecular mechanisms underpinning variation in metabolic control across the menstrual cycle. Chapter 2 of this thesis demonstrates that rhythmic variation in insulin sensitivity, insulin, glucose and triglyceride are mediated by body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Chapter 3 extended on these findings to identify indices of body composition, fitness and physical activity levels are key modifiable risk factors mediating the variation in glucose, triglyceride, insulin sensitivity and cholesterol profiles across the menstrual cycle. Additionally, inflammatory markers varied across the menstrual cycle and associate with metabolite concentration, thereby identifying a potential mechanism which may underpin variation in metabolic control across the menstrual cycle. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning observed rhythmicity in metabolic control across the menstrual cycle, Chapter 4 examines the effect of the menstrual cycle on adipose tissue microRNA expression. This determined that miR-495-5p was differentially expressed across menstrual cycle phases and miR-30c-5p was negatively associated with testosterone. Adipose tissue miRNAs with the strongest tendency for differential expression between menstrual cycle phases shared common targets related to insulin signalling pathways. Overall, this thesis contributes novel data characterising variation in metabolic control across the menstrual cycle. Finally, it identifies inflammation and miRNA expression as potential molecular mechanisms driving observed variation in metabolic control.
- Published
- 2021
32. The impact of N-3 pufa ingestion on metabolic, molecular and epigenetic responses to a short-term high-fat diet
- Author
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Wardle, Sophie L., Moran, Colin N., and Tipton, Kevin D.
- Subjects
612.3 ,glucose metabolism ,stable isotope tracers ,polyunsaturated fatty acids ,epigenetics ,microRNAs ,insulin sensitivity ,Insulin resistance - Abstract
Obesity is widely considered a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, less is known about the early adaptive responses to short-term periods of high-fat energy excess (HFEE). Previous reports detailing whole-body adaptation to fat and energy oversupply are equivocal, perhaps, in part, owing to use of different experimental protocols, varying durations of dietary manipulation and participant cohorts with individuals of varying characteristics. In addition to use of different dietary protocols between studies, alterations in functional end-point measures due to the type of dietary fat consumed warrants consideration. Daily n-3 PUFA intake, commonly obtained from pelagic fish oil (FO) consumption, has been shown to positively associate with insulin sensitivity in epidemiological studies and thus may be a useful dietary strategy for slowing insulin resistance development. Chapter 2 of this thesis extends previous literature by demonstrating that 6 d HFEE (150 % habitual energy intake; 60 % of energy from fat) does not clearly alter whole- body insulin sensitivity, irrespective of FO consumption. However, investigation of metabolism at the tissue level, as presented in Chapter 3 of this thesis, offers insight into a potential tissue-specific level of regulation that precedes whole-body regulation. Skeletal muscle insulin signalling protein (e.g. protein kinase B (PKB)) activity, levels of certain ceramide species, and AMPK α2 activity were altered following HFEE and may explain the early maladaptive responses to short-term HFEE. Moreover, FO intake as 10 % of total fats mediated some of these molecular responses, including PKB and AMPK α2 activity, reflecting possible functional effects of FO at the subcellular level. Regulation of these metabolic / molecular responses at both the tissue and whole- body level can be explained, in part, by genetic predisposition, environmental influence and more recently epigenetics, including microRNAs (miRNAs). In Chapter 4, we characterised the plasma and skeletal muscle miRNA responses to HFEE and oral glucose ingestion. We demonstrate transient changes in levels of certain miRNAs following oral glucose ingestion in both tissue types and in response to HFEE in skeletal muscle. However, no significant correlations between basal plasma and skeletal muscle miRNA levels were observed, suggesting that our candidate plasma miRNAs may be co-ordinating functional changes in other tissue types. Plasma miR- 145-5p and skeletal muscle miR-204-5p predicted a significant proportion of the variance in mean whole-body insulin sensitivity change in response to HFEE. These data indicate that these miRNAs may be useful biomarkers of insulin resistance development following HFEE. A constraint of this thesis is that all conclusions are made within the context of statistically unaltered insulin sensitivity. Therefore, future investigations of diet-induced maladaptation should consider establishing a time course of insulin resistance development in response to HFEE, or use different study populations. Populations that are more susceptible to T2D development, e.g., overweight, sedentary individuals would be of particular interest. These data would aid development of a working model of diet-induced insulin resistance that has more direct application to T2D progression and extends the data presented herein.
- Published
- 2015
33. Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Sampling using a Mini-liposuction Technique.
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MacGregor KA, Rodriguez-Sanchez N, Barwell ND, Gallagher IJ, Moran CN, and Di Virgilio TG
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- Adipose Tissue, Exercise, Humans, Subcutaneous Fat, Subcutaneous Tissue, Lipectomy
- Abstract
Studies on adipose tissue are useful in understanding metabolic and other conditions. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue is accessible. With appropriate training and strict adherence to aseptic technique, subcutaneous adipose samples can be safely and efficiently obtained in a non-clinical setting by researchers. Following the administration of local anesthetic lateral to the umbilicus, a 14 G needle attached to a 5 or 10 mL syringe is inserted through the skin into the subcutaneous tissue. Under suction, the syringe is moved in a reciprocating, slicing motion to isolate fragments of adipose tissue. Withdrawing the plunger is enough to ensure that adipose tissue fragments are aspirated through the needle into the syringe. A single biopsy can collect about 200 mg of tissue. This biopsy technique is very safe for both participants and research staff. Following the biopsy, participants can resume most everyday activities, although they should avoid swimming and overly strenuous activities for 48 h to avoid excessive bleeding. Participants can safely undergo 2 biopsies within a single day, meaning that the technique can be applied in before-after acute intervention studies.
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- 2021
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34. The Future of Genomic Research in Athletic Performance and Adaptation to Training.
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Wang G, Tanaka M, Eynon N, North KN, Williams AG, Collins M, Moran CN, Britton SL, Fuku N, Ashley EA, Klissouras V, Lucia A, Ahmetov II, de Geus E, Alsayrafi M, and Pitsiladis YP
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research, Exercise, Genotype, Humans, Phenotype, Physical Conditioning, Human, Adaptation, Physiological genetics, Athletic Performance, Genomics
- Abstract
Despite numerous attempts to discover genetic variants associated with elite athletic performance, an individual's trainability and injury predisposition, there has been limited progress to date. Past reliance on candidate gene studies focusing predominantly on genotyping a limited number of genetic variants in small, often heterogeneous cohorts has not generated results of practical significance. Hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches will in the future provide more comprehensive coverage and in-depth understanding of the biology underlying sports-related traits and related genetic mechanisms. Large, collaborative projects with sound experimental designs (e.g. clearly defined phenotypes, considerations and controls for sources of variability, and necessary replications) are required to produce meaningful results, especially when a hypothesis-free approach is used. It remains to be determined whether the novel approaches under current implementation will result in findings with real practical significance. This review will briefly summarize current and future directions in exercise genetics and genomics., (© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2016
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35. Human alpha-actinin-3 genotype association with exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated-bout effect.
- Author
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Venckunas T, Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Kamandulis S, Snieckus A, and Moran CN
- Subjects
- Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena genetics, Biomechanical Phenomena physiology, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology, Muscular Diseases physiopathology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Time Factors, Torque, Young Adult, Actinin genetics, Exercise physiology, Genotype, Muscle, Skeletal injuries, Muscular Diseases genetics, Plyometric Exercise
- Abstract
Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is an integral part of the Z line of the sarcomere. The ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism determines the presence or absence of functional ACTN3, which may influence the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study aimed to compare the impact of, and recovery from, muscle-damaging eccentric exercise on subjects with or without functional ACTN3. Seventeen young men (20-33 years old), homozygous for the R (n = 9) or X (n = 8) alleles, performed two bouts of stretch-shortening exercise (50 drop jumps) two weeks apart. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, jump height, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVC), peak concentric isokinetic torque (IT), and electrically stimulated knee extension torques at 20 and 100 Hz were measured at baseline and at a number of time points up to 14 days after each bout. There were no significant baseline differences between the groups. However, significant time point × genotype interactions were observed for MVC (p = 0.021) and IT (p = 0.011) for the immediate effect of eccentric exercise in bout 1. The RR group showed greater voluntary force decrements (RR vs. XX: MVC, -33.3% vs. -24.5%; IT, -35.9% vs. -23.2%) and slower recovery. A repeated-bout effect was clearly observed, but there were no differences by genotype group. The ACTN3 genotype modulates the response of muscle function to plyometric jumping exercise, although the differences are modest. The ACTN3 genotype does not influence the clearly observed repeated-bout effect; however, XX homozygotes recover baseline voluntary torque values faster and thus may be able to undertake more frequent training sessions.
- Published
- 2012
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36. Effects of interaction between angiotensin I-converting enzyme polymorphisms and lifestyle on adiposity in adolescent Greeks.
- Author
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Moran CN, Vassilopoulos C, Tsiokanos A, Jamurtas AZ, Bailey ME, Wilson RH, and Pitsiladis YP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Body Mass Index, Child, Female, Greece, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Genetic, Skinfold Thickness, Subcutaneous Fat, Adiposity genetics, Exercise, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A genetics, White People genetics
- Abstract
Genetic variation in the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with many heritable traits, including obesity. Herein, we report the results of a study of obesity-related phenotypes and lifestyle in 1016 teen-aged Greeks. We show that there is a strong association (p = 0.001) between subcutaneous fat and the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in females, possession of genotypes containing the D allele being associated with increased fat thickness. This association is strongest in females who participate in no extra exercise and accounts for 6.5% of the phenotypic variance in fat thickness by ANOVA. The association is additive, with the mean phenotypic values in heterozygotes intermediate between the means of the two homozygotes, and the association acts at both extremes of the fat thickness distribution in a classical polygenic manner. Other ACE polymorphisms (rs4424958, rs4311) that define major haplotypes in European populations fail to provide stronger associations with the subcutaneous fat phenotype. Because ACE I/D is the polymorphism most strongly associated with circulating ACE levels in European populations, we propose that the functional allelic differences that influence circulating ACE levels also mediate the associations with the obesity-related phenotypes studied here.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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