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Augmented reality (AR) technology has been widely applied across a variety of fields, with head-up displays (HUDs) being one of its prominent uses, offering immersive three-dimensional (3D) experiences and interaction with digital content and the real world. AR-HUDs face challenges such as limited field of view (FOV), small eye-box, bulky form factor, and absence of accommodation cue, often compromising trade-offs between these factors. Recently, optical waveguide based on pupil replication process has attracted increasing attention as an optical element for its compact form factor and exit-pupil expansion. Despite these advantages, current waveguide displays struggle to integrate visual information with real scenes because they do not produce accommodation-capable virtual content. In this paper, we introduce a lensless accommodation-capable holographic system based on a waveguide. Our system aims to expand the eye-box at the optimal viewing distance that provides the maximum FOV. We devised a formalized CGH algorithm based on bold assumption and two constraints and successfully performed numerical observation simulation. In optical experiments, accommodation-capable images with a maximum horizontal FOV of 7.0 degrees were successfully observed within an expanded eye-box of 9.18 mm at an optimal observation distance of 112 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tabletop autostereoscopic displays have the advantage of displaying realistic three-dimensional (3D) content. In particular, the Integral imaging (InIm) method is superior in tabletop displays, as it is possible to make the system small using microlens arrays (MLA). Off-the-shelf MLAs have a small field of view (FOV) and are unsuitable for tabletop displays where the half viewing angle is typically around 45 degrees. The MLA for tabletop display also needs to have uniform angular resolution and low crosstalk to display 3D content. In this paper, we designed a new MLA with a multilayer structure and a reversed lens shape. This lens array has a wide viewing angle of −58 degrees to +58 degrees, with uniform angular resolution and low crosstalk of less than 0.2. We implemented a tabletop display using our MLA and verified its properties experimentally. The misallocation error of the elemental image is experimentally measured and compensated for as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the optical seamlessness of a holographic multi-vision display. The purpose of the multi-vision approach is to scale up the resolution of a holographic display without requiring a single extremely high-resolution spatial light modulator. Optical experiments reveal that a holographic multi-vision system with 16M pixel resolution successfully generates a seamless virtual reference plane with the essential optical characteristics of a holographic display, such as the accommodation effect and binocular parallax. It is realized from a matrix of eight (4 × 2) high-resolution transmission-type liquid crystal displays. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are presented for the proposed seamless holographic multi-vision system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is proposed for the construction of a square pixel complex spatial light modulator (SLM) from a commercial oblong full-high-definition (full-HD) amplitude SLM using an anamorphic optical filter. In the proposed scheme, one half-band of the optical Fourier transform of the amplitude-only spatial light field is rejected in the optical Fourier plane and the other half-band is reformatted to be an effective complex SLM with square pixels. This has an advantage in the viewing window plane since the shape of the viewing window becomes square and more ideal for observers who watch the hologram contents through it. For optimal transformation, the amplitude computer generated hologram encoding scheme was developed. Mathematical modeling of the proposed system is described herein, and it was experimentally demonstrated that the effective complex SLM displays complex holographic three-dimensional images with a clear depth discrimination effect.