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Having an active lifestyle has been regarded as one of the main factors for maintaining a healthy and happy life. However, previous studies have pointed out that most Malaysian adults are reported to be physically inactive due to lifestyle changes such as increasingly sedentary lifestyles, decreased physical activity (PA), and growing reliance on automobiles for mobility. Subsequently, the COVID-19 pandemic has further impacted the quality of the urban population’s active lifestyles, particularly the disruption resulting from movement restriction control orders which has limited the ability to maintain an active lifestyle. This scenario has the potential to negatively impact the health and mental state of the population if it continues without intervention by relevant stakeholders. Therefore, this study examined the patterns of PA and body mass index (BMI) and assessed the association between PA and a walkable environment to maintain an active lifestyle in Kuala Lumpur city centre before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study ‘walkable environment’ refers to a physical attribute that encourages walking for functional and recreational purposes and ‘active lifestyle’ refers to walking being the main physical PA that contributes to health as part of people’s regular routine. This study adopted the mixed method approach through an online questionnaire survey, combined with the observation of selected areas and content analysis of written documents. The findings show that most respondents perceived that walking was the main PA that contributes to health. In terms of effects, walkable environments have been shown to have a positive impact on PA and health by encouraging an active lifestyle.

The street is a vital public space for all in a city. It is the spine that connects to buildings, transportation nodes, public spaces like pocket spaces and other nodes for pedestrian. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promotes the inclusivity for all. To achieve sustainability, street should be safe for all especially women who are a vulnerable group. As a public space, there are many restrictions implemented during the Movement Control Order (MCO) to curb the spread of Covid-19, therefore the livelihood, dynamic and safety is a concern for those who still needs to be on the street. Even though the city street is not as busy as before the pandemic, safety is still a main concern especially amongst women.This study is focusing on women’s perception of safety in the street. This is always a concern as the pandemic has affected the economic sectors which in turn affects employment. Unemployment leads to crime which creates an unsafe perception. In order to evaluate the issue, a case study approach has been chosen and Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman in Kuala Lumpur is the area for this study. This study was performed through mixed method of in-depth interview, structured observation and questionnaire survey. Finding reveals that to enhance perception of safety for women, street design needs to consider both physical and social characteristic in the city. Pedestrian needs to use the street during the pandemic, and therefore findings from this study could assist policy maker and designer in developing framework for a safer street

While the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is known to drive de novo lymphomagenesis, it may rarely contribute to transformation of indolent lymphoma as well. Some EBV-related lymphomas represent a diagnostic challenge with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. We describe a case of follicular lymphoma (FL) transformation to both EBV + diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and EBV + classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the latter of which was only identified retrospectively after selective outgrowth during DLBCL therapy. Finally, we describe successful salvage therapy with brentuximab vedotin plus nivolumab. This is the first known case of composite lymphoma with FL, EBV + DLBCL, and EBV + cHL within a single lymph node. The disease course highlights the importance of careful morphologic examination and comprehensive immunophenotypic characterization of EBV + lymphomas to ensure proper clinical care and underscores the potential for novel therapies currently under investigation. This trial is registered with NCT01671813.

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is thought to arise from mature tissue-resident memory T cells. The most common subtypes include Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome. The role of skin microbiota remains unclear in the symptom manifestation of MF. Among 39 patients with MF, we analyzed bacteria colonizing MF lesions and non-lesional skin in the contralateral side and characterized regional changes in the skin microbiota related to MF involvement using the difference in relative abundance of each genus between lesional and contralateral non-lesional skin. We investigated the relationship between these skin microbiota alterations and symptom severity. No statistically significant difference was found in bacterial diversity and richness between lesional and non-lesional skin. Different skin microbiota signatures were associated with different symptoms. More pronounced erythema in the lesions was associated with an increase in Staphylococcus. Pain and thick skin in the lesions were associated with a decrease in Propionibacterium. The results of this pilot study suggest that the skin microbiota plays an important role in changing skin phenotypes among patients with MF. Larger skin microbiota studies are needed to confirm these findings and support the use of antibiotic treatment to mitigate CTCL symptoms.

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) consists of a leukemia of two different lineages (myeloid, T, and/or B) co-occurring in the same tissue. KMT2A-rearrangement is rare and usually seen in B/myeloid MPAL. We report a unique case of T/myeloid MPAL with a t(v;11q23) KMT2A-rearrangement, with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the bone marrow but concurrent T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in lymph node and skin. Genomic interrogation suggests an undifferentiated stem cells with KMT2A rearrangement as the founder mutation that acquired additional lineage-specific mutations resulting in AML in the marrow and T-ALL in other sites.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare, heterogenous group of mature T-cell neoplasms that comprise 10–15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases in the United States. All subtypes of PTCL, except for ALK+ anaplastic T-cell lymphoma, are associated with poor prognosis, with median overall survival (OS) rates of 1–3 years. The diagnosis of PTCL is mainly based on clinical presentation, morphologic features, and immunophenotypes. Recent advances in genome sequencing and gene expression profiling have given new insights into the pathogenesis and molecular biology of PTCL. An enhanced understanding of its genomic landscape holds the promise of refining the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of PTCL. In this review, we examine recently discovered genetic abnormalities identified by molecular profiling in 3 of the most common types of PTCL: RHOAG17V and epigenetic regulator mutations in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, ALK expression and JAK/STAT3 pathway mutations in anaplastic T-cell lymphoma, and T-follicular helper phenotype and GATA3/TBX21 expression in PTCL-not otherwise specified. We also discuss the implications of these abnormalities for clinical practice, new/potential targeted therapies, and the role of personalized medicine in the management of PTCL.

Sézary syndrome (SS) is a genetically and clinically distinct entity among cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). SS is characterized by more aggressive disease compared to the most common indolent type of CTCL, mycosis fungoides. However, there are limited available genomic data regarding SS. To characterize and expand current mappings of the genomic landscape of CTCL, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on peripheral blood samples from seven patients with SS. We detected 21,784 variants, of which 21,140 were novel and 644 were previously described. Filtering revealed 551 nonsynonymous variants among 525 mutated genes−25 recurrent mutations and 1 recurrent variant. Several recurrently mutated genes crucial to pathogenesis pathways, including Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), PI3K-serine/threonine protein kinases (AKT), and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), were identified. Furthermore, genetic mutations spanned both known and novel genes, supporting the idea of a long-tail distribution of mutations in lymphoma. Acknowledging these genetic variants and their affected pathways may inspire future targeted therapies. WES of a limited number of SS patients revealed both novel findings and corroborated complexities of the “long-tail” distribution of previously reported mutations.

With advancements in the understanding of human cancers (carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematopoietic malignancies), molecular profiling, especially by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic management of cancer patients. The final and critical step in NGS is the annotation of detected variants and reporting of their clinical significance. Automated bioinformatics tools are available to assist with annotation, but the final responsibility for interpretation and validation of the annotation rests with the pathologist who may be constrained by the pressures of clinical sign-out and limited training in NGS. In this manuscript, we detail our experience in outsourcing variant annotation to a high-quality vendor to improve quality, standardize reporting, and decrease turn-around time of NGS reporting in clinical practice. We describe the composition of the evaluation team, steps that should be taken to evaluate potential annotation vendors, and detailed parameters that should be addressed before contracting with a vendor to guarantee the clinical reliability of the reported annotations.

The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) in civil engineering has provided civil engineers with various benefits and opportunities, including a rich data collection, sustainable assessment, and productivity. The trend of construction is diverted toward sustainability with the aid of digital technologies. In this regard, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) in order to explore the influence of AI in civil engineering toward sustainable development. In addition, SLR was carried out by using academic publications from Scopus (i.e., 3478 publications). Furthermore, screening is carried out, and eventually, 105 research publications in the field of AI were selected. Keywords were searched through Boolean operation “Artificial Intelligence” OR “Machine intelligence” OR “Machine Learning” OR “Computational intelligence” OR “Computer vision” OR “Expert systems” OR “Neural networks” AND “Civil Engineering” OR “Construction Engineering” OR “Sustainable Development” OR “Sustainability”. According to the findings, it was revealed that the trend of publications received its high intention of researchers in 2020, the most important contribution of publications on AI toward sustainability by the Automation in Construction, the United States has the major influence among all the other countries, the main features of civil engineering toward sustainability are interconnectivity, functionality, unpredictability, and individuality. This research adds to the body of knowledge in civil engineering by visualizing and comprehending trends and patterns, as well as defining major research goals, journals, and countries. In addition, a theoretical framework has been proposed in light of the results for prospective researchers and scholars.

Building information modeling (BIM) offers various deterministic and uncertain benefits and costs. Although there are similarities between such costs and benefits in developed and developing countries, these factors should be analyzed carefully for each region/country due to differences in economic and technical status as well as available policies and regulations. Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits and shortcomings of BIM adoption around the globe; however, there is scarce comprehensive research focusing on Iran with unique financial circumstances. The aim of this research is to investigate the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks (BOCRs) offered by BIM implementation in Iran as a developing country with high potential in but less adoption of BIM in construction projects. After identifying the BOCRs of BIM adoption from the literature, the Interval-Valued Fuzzy Delphi Method was used to identify the BOCRs while a novel multi-criteria decision-making approach (i.e., fuzzy parsimonious analytic hierarchy process) was employed to analyze BOCRs, respectively. The results showed that 4 out of 46 BOCRs gathered from the literature were not significant for Iran and should be omitted from further analysis, while one cost factor was added to the list. Also, it was revealed that "Facilitates project communication among stakeholders", "Integrating life-cycle assessment dimensions to the decision-making process", "Cost/efforts required to personnel training" and "Lack of national standard, procedures and guidelines" were the most significant BOCRs, respectively. These findings contributed to filling the research gap in BIM adoption in Iran using a novel methodology that provides deep insights into BIM adoption for practitioners and can be used as a basis for developing theoretical and conceptual research frameworks. The findings of this study are built upon the opinions of experts within the context of Iran and should be considered as a snapshot of the BOCRs of the adoption of BIM in Iranian construction projects while these are not futureproofed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban design research, it is vital to search the role of place attachment as an element that places significant meanings that include physical characteristics, activity and meaning that contribute to the sense of place. In urban studies, most of the study leads to the importance of physical characteristics and activities towards the sense of place; however, research on place attachment roles as part of the sense of place has not been sufficiently done. This paper aims to search the role of place attachment in creating a sustainable sense of place in two main traditional streets in Alor Setar, Jalan Tunku Yaakub in Pekan Cina (JTY) and Jalan Kampung Perak (JKP). Field survey and Semi-structured interviews were conducted as a data collection method, and all the content were analysed to accomplish a thorough interpretation of the findings. The findings show that users attached to the traditional street in Alor Setar, Kedah, dominate and influence the place's identity. The street view is vital in daily engagement attached whereas, the mobile users of the streets are primarily attached in terms of functionality. In addition, the meaning and history also influence the user's attachment to the place. In conclusion, the roles of place attachment on traditional streets attributes should be considered to sustain the sense of place for the future development in Alor Setar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the king or sultan-ruled states category, the Malay Royal towns are portrayed to be the most prominent town in the sultanate of Malay's administration structures. Apart from that, the Malay Royal Town has also been categorised as a historic town, representing the position and significance of the Malay sultanate hierarchy, dating back to the 16th century. This study's objective focuses on describing the idea of Malaysia's Malay Royal Town, which has founded the identity and image along with the elements in the tangible and intangible category that substantiates sustainability following the rapid urban development in operation where nearly all the Royal Towns of Malaysia are involved. Multiple case studies have been conducted in Malay Royal towns throughout Malaysia are Arau, Alor Setar, Kuala Kangsar, Klang, Seri Menanti, Muar, Pekan, Kuala Terengganu and Kota Bharu. In order to understand and define the concept and structure of Malay Royal towns in Malaysia, the research method adopted includes site observation, historical map overlay and semi-structured interviews. Results obtained from the research indicated that the Royal Towns of Malay had taken a major role in influencing the history and growth of the towns as they are replete with identity and cultural values. Therefore, there is a need for the Malay Royal towns' concept to be explored and appreciated by the nation so that all the distinctive elements and culture present within the Malay Royal towns can be retained for the knowledge of generations to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Galectins have affinity for β-galactosides. Human galectin-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the body and its expression level can be a marker in disease. Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gives potential for treatment of inflammatory disorders and anti-cancer therapeutics., Areas Covered: This review discusses progress in galectin-1 inhibitor discovery and development. Patent applications pertaining to galectin-1 inhibitors are categorised as monovalent- and multivalent-carbohydrate-based inhibitors, peptides- and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, the potential of galectin-1 protein as a therapeutic is discussed along with consideration of the unique challenges that galectin-1 presents, including its monomer-dimer equilibrium and oxidized and reduced forms, with regard to delivering an intact protein to a pathologically relevant site., Expert Opinion: Significant evidence implicates galectin-1's involvement in cancer progression, inflammation, and host-pathogen interactions. Conserved sequence similarity of the carbohydrate-binding sites of different galectins makes design of specific antagonists (blocking agents/inhibitors of function) difficult. Key challenges pertaining to the therapeutic use of galectin-1 are its monomer-dimer equilibrium, its redox state, and delivery of intact galectin-1 to the desired site. Developing modified forms of galectin-1 has resulted in increased stability and functional potency. Gene and protein therapy approaches that deliver the protein toward the target are under exploration as is exploitation of different inhibitor scaffolds.