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Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are known to induce gastrointestinal adverse events. Colitis occurs most frequently, and gastritis is less common. A few case reports of gastritis induced by ICIs have indicated that colitis induced by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) resembles inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and that programmed death‐1/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) inhibitor can also induce the same type of colitis. We herein encountered a case of gastritis arising after 25 cycles of pembrolizumab administration in which the pathological and endoscopic findings resembled those of IBD. ICIs may induce gastritis in a manner similar to the pathogenesis of IBD.

Objective: To analyze the operating situation of a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in eastern Shizuoka prefecture. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the conveyance records reported by staff members of the physicianstaffed helicopter. A comparison between 2007 (n = 619) and 2012 (n = 678) was performed. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups w ith regard to the sex, ratio of cardiopulmonary arrest, and survival ratio. In contrast, the duration from the request of dispatch to arrival at the hospital in 2007 was significantly longer than that in 2012 (53.7 vs 48.2 minutes, P < 0.0001).The average age in 2007 was significantly younger than in 2012 (55.7 vs 59.4 years, P < 0.01 ).The ratio of trauma case in the 2012 was higher than that in 2007 (47 vs 37%, P < 0.001 ).The ratio of severe cases in 2007 was higher than in 2012 (45 vs 39%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Japan is an aging society. In eastern Shizuoka prefecture, the increase in the number of trauma and minor injury cases may have increased due to the emphasis on the importance of early medical intervention by the fire department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]