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Background In integrated community case management (iCCM) care, community health workers (CHWs) provide home-based management of fever, diarrhea and fast breathing for children aged <5 y. The iCCM protocol recommends that children with danger signs for severe illness are referred by CHWs to health facilities within their catchment area. This study examines the management of danger signs by CHWs implementing iCCM in a rural context. Methods A retrospective observational study that examined clinical records for all patients with danger signs evaluated by CHWs from March 2014 to December 2018 was conducted. Results In total, 229 children aged <5 y had been recorded as having a danger sign during 2014–2018. Of these children, 56% were males with a mean age of 25 (SD 16.9) mo, among whom 78% were referred by the CHWs as per the iCCM protocol. The age category of 12 to 35 mo had the highest numbers of prereferred and referred cases (54% and 46%, respectively). Conclusions CHWs play a key role in early symptomatic detection, prereferral treatment and early referral of children aged <5 y. Danger signs among children aged <5 y, if left untreated, can result in death. A high proportion of the children with danger signs were referred as per the iCCM protocol. Continuous CHW training is emphasized to reduce the number of referral cases that are missed. More studies need to focus on children aged 12–35 mo and why they are the most referred category. Policymakers should occasionally revise iCCM guidelines to detail the types of danger signs and how CHWs can address these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hyperdiverse geometrid genus Eois Hübner, estimated to encompass more than 1,000 species, is among the most species-rich genera in all of Lepidoptera. While the genus has attracted considerable attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists in recent decades, limited progress has been made on its alpha taxonomy. This contribution focuses on the Olivacea clade, whose monophyly has been recognized previously through molecular analyses. We attempt to define the clade from a morphological perspective and recognize the following species based on morphology and genomic data: E. olivacea (Felder & Rogenhofer); E. pseudolivacea Doan, sp. nov.; E. auruda (Dognin), stat. rev.; E. beebei (Fletcher, 1952), stat. rev.; E. boliviensis (Dognin), stat. rev.; and E. parumsimii Doan, sp. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of the immature stages of E. pseudolivacea reared from Piper (Piperaceae) in Ecuador are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic revision is provided for Cordiaceae (Boraginales) in Mexico and Central America and the adjacent portions of the United States, including 44 species of Cordia and 17 species of Varronia. Eight of the 44 species of Cordia were described as new to science elsewhere in earlier parts of this study. Cordiaceae are distinguished from other families of Boraginales in being erect woody plants with a style that is twice-divided with four stigmas. Taxonomic history of generic delimitation in the Cordiaceae is presented, along with discussions of morphology of Cordia and Varronia, an overview of breeding systems in the family, provisional conservation assessments, infrageneric classification, keys to species, and descriptions, with complete nomenclature and notes on geographic distribution and how to recognize individual species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missouri Botanical Garden In the mid-1980s, the convergence of several technological advances led to a serious resurgence of interest in surveying plant species for drug development. The emergence of methods [...]

We present the first dated molecular phylogeny of the Cerurinae moths (Notodontidae), based on sequence data for 666 loci generated by anchored hybrid enrichment. Monophyly of Cerurinae is corroborated, which includes the following genera: Pararethona Janse, Pseudorethona Janse, Oreocerura Kiriakoff, stat. rev. , Cerurella Kiriakoff, Notocerura Kiriakoff, Hampsonita Kiriakoff, Afrocerura Kiriakoff, Cerurina Kiriakoff, Neoharpyia Daniel, Furcula Lamarck, Neocerura Matsumura, Americerura St Laurent and Goldstein, gen. nov. , Cerura Schrank, and Kamalia Koçak & Kemal. The type species of the Neotropical genus Tecmessa Burmeister , T. annulipes (Berg), which had been incorrectly assigned to Cerurinae, is recovered in Heterocampinae; and Americerura gen. nov. is proposed to receive 17 unambiguously cerurine species transferred from Tecmessa. Divergence time estimates recover a crown age of Notodontidae roughly coincident with the K-Pg boundary, and a late-Oligocene crown age for Cerurinae. An African origin is inferred for Cerurinae, followed by colonization of the Palearctic, the Americas, Indomalaya, and Australasia during the Miocene. At least three independent colonizations of the Americas are inferred, one in the mid-Miocene associated with ancestral Americerura gen. nov. and two in the Pliocene and Pleistocene within Furcula. We hypothesize that the global spread of Cerurinae was enabled by that of its primary caterpillar foodplants in the Salicaceae. State-dependent diversification analyses suggest that cerurines diversified most rapidly in temperate climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the taxonomic naming of Cordiada trichotoma, a deciduous tree native to southern regions of South America. The name Cordiada trichotoma was originally published in 1829 but faced challenges to its stability due to delayed publication. The article proposes to retain the widely recognized name Cordiada trichotoma over the comparatively obscure name Cordia frondosa to maintain nomenclatural stability and prevent disruptions in scientific discourse. Cordiada trichotoma has been extensively used and cited in scientific papers, regional floristic works, and studies on its properties and utilization. The proposal aims to uphold the integrity of botanical nomenclature while preserving the prevailing understanding and recognition of the species. [Extracted from the article]

Two new species of Cordia L. (Boraginales: Cordiaceae), C. caudata J. S. Mill. and C. caucana J. S. Mill., are described from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Both species are quite distinctive morphologically, but their relationships are not evident, so they are compared with the two other species known from Colombia with which they are most likely to be confused. Both new species are apparently uncommon and have geographically restricted ranges and are of conservation concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]