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In recent years, the Andújar-Cardeña Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus population has grown both in number and in occupied surface area. This feline has spread into areas surrounding existing population nuclei and occupied new habitats including human-dominated areas and tree crops. Here we describe this colonization process and the evolution of the Iberian Lynx populations in the Olive Olea europaea groves that surround typical Lynx scrub habitats in Andújar-Cardeña. Our findings were obtained through radio-tracking, camera trapping and European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus monitoring. Two colonized areas—Zocueca and Marmolejo-Montoro—were identified in which Olive cultivation is predominant. Since 2011, a total of 45 and 50 different individuals have been detected in Zocueca and Marmolejo-Montoro, respectively. At present, 19 individuals are known to live in Zocueca and 29 in Marmolejo-Montoro. The main cause of mortality is road-kills. Our results suggest that the Iberian Lynx is capable of colonizing human-modified areas such as agricultural land provided that they can support high-density Rabbit populations and the causes of non-natural mortality are minimized.

Abstract Chronic viral hepatitis infection affects an estimated 325 million people globally. People who initiate treatment after significant disease progression face increased risk of severe liver complications and death. Data are scarce on the characteristics and risk factors of people who present late to care in Spain and globally. Data were collected from January 2018 to December 2019 to report late presentation (LP) to specialist care at 11 large university hospitals in Spain to assess related risk factors using a multivariable logistic regression model. 2290 (CHB = 505, CHC = 1785) patients were analysed, with 581 (25.2%) presenting late. Hepatitis C patients more frequently reported LP compared to hepatitis B patients (28.1% vs 15.0%; p

Background & Aims: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens provide a cure in >95% of patients with chronic HCV infection. However, in some patients in whom therapy fails, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) can develop, limiting retreatment options and risking onward resistant virus transmission. In this study, we evaluated RAS prevalence and distribution, including novel NS5A RASs and clinical factors associated with RAS selection, among patients who experienced DAA treatment failure. Methods: SHARED is an international consortium of clinicians and scientists studying HCV drug resistance. HCV sequence linked metadata from 3,355 patients were collected from 22 countries. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B RASs in virologic failures, including novel NS5A substitutions, were examined. Associations of clinical and demographic characteristics with RAS selection were investigated. Results: The frequency of RASs increased from its natural prevalence following DAA exposure: 37% to 60% in NS3, 29% to 80% in NS5A, 15% to 22% in NS5B for sofosbuvir, and 24% to 37% in NS5B for dasabuvir. Among 730 virologic failures, most were treated with first-generation DAAs, 94% had drug resistance in ≥1 DAA class: 31% single-class resistance, 42% dual-class resistance (predominantly against protease and NS5A inhibitors), and 21% triple-class resistance. Distinct patterns containing ≥2 highly resistant RASs were common. New potential NS5A RASs and adaptive changes were identified in genotypes 1a, 3, and 4. Following DAA failure, RAS selection was more frequent in older people with cirrhosis and those infected with genotypes 1b and 4. Conclusions: Drug resistance in HCV is frequent after DAA treatment failure. Previously unrecognized substitutions continue to emerge and remain uncharacterized. Lay summary: Although direct-acting antiviral medications effectively cure hepatitis C in most patients, sometimes treatment selects for resistant viruses, causing antiviral drugs to be either ineffective or only partially effective. Multidrug resistance is common in patients for whom DAA treatment fails. Older patients and patients with advanced liver diseases are more likely to select drug-resistant viruses. Collective efforts from international communities and governments are needed to develop an optimal approach to managing drug resistance and preventing the transmission of resistant viruses.

Diversas teorías han apuntado que el ascenso de la derecha nacional populista se debe a los efectos de la crisis económica y la globalización económica, otros apuntan a la inmigración y la globalización cultural. En este artículo sostendremos que ambos elementos se retroalimentan y apuntan a una clave compartida: la nostalgia de un mundo idealizado mejor.

We discuss Hamiltonian symmetries and invariants for quantum systems driven by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. For time-independent Hermitian Hamiltonians, a unitary or antiunitary transformation AHA† that leaves the Hamiltonian H unchanged represents a symmetry of the Hamiltonian, which implies the commutativity [H,A]=0 and, if A is linear and time-independent, a conservation law, namely the invariance of expectation values of A. For non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, H† comes into play as a distinct operator that complements H in generalized unitarity relations. The above description of symmetries has to be extended to include also A-pseudohermiticity relations of the form AH=H†A. A superoperator formulation of Hamiltonian symmetries is provided and exemplified for Hamiltonians of a particle moving in one-dimension considering the set of A operators that form Klein’s 4-group: parity, time-reversal, parity&time-reversal, and unity. The link between symmetry and conservation laws is discussed and shown to be richer and subtler for non-Hermitian than for Hermitian Hamiltonians.

The main concern this articles deals with is, first, the elusive conceptual definition of the «radical right». In the last years a, so called, new consensus, has been developed in the literature of this field. The core of this new consensus about the radical right is the palingentic form of nationalism, form this pant of view the decadentism and the claim for a social renewal is a central point in the political thought of the radical right. In this article we deal with the decadent subjects of the radical right, pointing mainly to the apocalyptic tone of some major contributors of the radical right in the interwar France and Germany. In the second part we analyze the role of decadentism in the cotemporary work of some relevant authors of the European radical right, Alain de Benoist and Julius Evola. Finally we translate their idea of decadence of Europe to the political arena as shown the discourses of some right extremist European parties.

The two main streams in the field of the theory of the State, pluralism and marxism, have been always confronted in his explanation of the political institutions, especially about the government. The government was regarded as only an instrument in the traditional pluralism and as a reflex of the economically strongest groups in the marxist tradition. However, the last development of both approaches shows an increasingly agree around the recognition of the autonomy of the political institutions, leaving the traditional societary approaches. This recognition of an autonomy for the political field is also recently proved by the empirical works of the party Government studies, showing that we are not able to explain the governmental activity focusing on a societary dependence because of the special position where the government is placed in the political system. However, on the one hand, this evolution is almost unknown in our academic field. On the other hand, despite the coincidence on the conclusion, there is no reference between the work of the neopluralist and neomarxist approaches and the empirical work of the party Government study. This article tries to show the main arguments of this convergence analysing briefly the developments of the traditional pluralism and his evolution to the contemporary neopluralism and also for the structural neomarxism to the Bob Jessop’s postestructuralist neomarxism. At the same time we show that this approach is absolutely coherent with the empirical conclusions that the party government view has recently reached.Las dos corrientes principales de la teoría del Estado, el pluralismo y el marxismo, se han encontrado enfrentadas en su concepción de las instituciones políticas y en particular del Gobierno, desde sus orígenes. El Gobierno era considerado un mero instrumento sin entidad propia en el pluralismo tradicional y un reflejo del dominio de los grupos económicamente más poderosos en la corriente marxista. No obstante, en los últimos desarrollos de ambas escuelas se está produciendo una convergencia creciente en torno al reconocimiento de la autonomía, cuando menos relativa, de las instituciones políticas y de su calidad de actores con entidad propia, alejándose de los modelos predominantemente societarios que las caracterizaban. Ese reconocimiento de un margen de autonomía de lo político encuentra confirmación en los estudios empíricos de Gobierno de Partidos que se han realizado en los últimos años, en los que se muestra que la actividad gubernamental no puede ser explicada desde ninguna tesis de dependencia societaria debido a la particular posición en la que se ubica el Gobierno dentro del sistema político. No obstante, esa convergencia aún está escasamente difundida en nuestro ámbito académico. Por otra parte, a pesar de lo coincidente de sus conclusiones y propuestas, no existe ninguna referencia cruzada entre el trabajo teórico de neopluralistas y neomarxistas y la labor empírica del estudio del Gobierno de Partidos. Este artículo se orienta a mostrar las líneas principales de esa convergencia de paradigmas politológicos. Para ello se analizan brevemente los desarrollos del pluralismo tradicional hasta su reformulación en el neopluralismo contemporáneo y la evolución del neomarxismo desde su variante estructuralista hasta el neomarxismo postestructuralista de Bob Jessop, a la vez que se pretende mostrar su adecuación a los hallazgos empíricos de los estudiosos del Gobierno de Partidos.

Se analizan las siguientes publicaciones: Los movimientos sociales, conciencia y acción de una sociedad politizada / Paloma Román y Jaime Ferri (eds.). Y Técnicas de análisis de datos para investigadores sociales, aplicaciones prácticas con SPSS para Windows / Vidal Díaz de Rada

The present review describes the various indications of biliary stent placement in patients with biliary malignancies. It deals in depth with biliary accesses and their effectiveness, as well as with the use of different stents according to lesion type and expected patient survival. For liver hilum lesions, which are somewhat more complex, the usefulness of and need for unilateral or bilateral drainage is assessed, as it is the most appropriate method. All in all, this is an up-to-date literature review that may help clinicians in their daily decision-making, as well as to improve and optimize patient outcomes.